Understanding how to specify UTF-8

Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[Will Parsons]

I want to always use Unicode/UTF-8 unless otherwise specified.  I've noticed
that I've attempted to do this in my .emacs file in two separate ways on two
separate platforms:

1)  (setq-default buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)

2)  (set-language-environment "UTF-8")

Both seem to work, but I'm wondering if there are subtle differences between
the two that I should be aware of.

-- 
Will

Re: Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Will Parsons <wbp@nodomain.invalid>
> Date: 7 Apr 2017 23:43:55 GMT
> 
> I want to always use Unicode/UTF-8 unless otherwise specified.

This doesn't tell what exactly do you want to happen.  The above
basically says "I want to use UTF-8 except when I don't", and doesn't
say a word about those "I don't" cases.  So please elaborate to make
the responses more accurate and correct.

For example, what about files you edit that were encoded in something
other than UTF-8 before? what about responding to email encoded in
something other than UTF-8? etc. etc.

> I've noticed that I've attempted to do this in my .emacs file in two
> separate ways on two separate platforms:
> 
> 1)  (setq-default buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
> 
> 2)  (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
> 
> Both seem to work, but I'm wondering if there are subtle differences between
> the two that I should be aware of.

The second one is better, as it leaves Emacs more leeway where UTF-8
might not be appropriate.  But it's difficult to know what to tell
without the additional information.

Re: Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[B. T. Raven]

Hi Will. I decided to respond because of this observation in the latest 
posting:
"They used to say emacs and vi are religions; these days they are 
starting to seem like latin."

On 4/7/2017 18:43, Will Parsons wrote:
> I want to always use Unicode/UTF-8 unless otherwise specified.  I've noticed
> that I've attempted to do this in my .emacs file in two separate ways on two
> separate platforms:
>
> 1)  (setq-default buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
>
> 2)  (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
>
> Both seem to work, but I'm wondering if there are subtle differences between
> the two that I should be aware of.


I can't help with any subtlties but can only recommend that you add this 
cookie to the beginning of the buffer:

  ;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


I think it may be enough to save and reload the file into a new buffer 
before adding exotic characters.
I also have these lines in my .emacs:

   (set-locale-environment   "utf-8")
         (set-language-environment               'utf-8)
         (set-default-coding-systems             'utf-8)
         (setq file-name-coding-system           'utf-8)
         (setq buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8)
         (setq coding-system-for-write           'utf-8)
         (set-keyboard-coding-system             'utf-8)
         (set-terminal-coding-system          'utf-8)
         (prefer-coding-system                   'utf-8)
         ;; (set-buffer-process-coding-system 'utf-8 'utf-8)
         (modify-coding-system-alist 'process 
"[cC][mM][dD][pP][rR][oO][xX][yY]" 'utf-8-dos)


The line commented out caused a problem but I don't remember what it 
was. My os w64 vers. 7

Ed

(unknown)

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: "B. T. Raven" <btraven@nihilo.net>
> Date: Thu, 13 Apr 2017 00:09:51 -0500
> 
> I also have these lines in my .emacs:
> 
>    (set-locale-environment   "utf-8")
>          (set-language-environment               'utf-8)
>          (set-default-coding-systems             'utf-8)
>          (setq file-name-coding-system           'utf-8)
>          (setq buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8)
>          (setq coding-system-for-write           'utf-8)
>          (set-keyboard-coding-system             'utf-8)
>          (set-terminal-coding-system          'utf-8)
>          (prefer-coding-system                   'utf-8)
>          ;; (set-buffer-process-coding-system 'utf-8 'utf-8)
>          (modify-coding-system-alist 'process 
> "[cC][mM][dD][pP][rR][oO][xX][yY]" 'utf-8-dos)
> 
> 
> The line commented out caused a problem but I don't remember what it 
> was. My os w64 vers. 7

Some of the above are not recommended, and some are downright
dangerous (a.k.a. "shooting yourself in the foot").  Especially on
MS-Windows, UTF-8 should be used with extra care, because Windows only
partially supports this encoding in its APIs.

Specifically:

>    (set-locale-environment   "utf-8")

Don't do this on Windows, as Windows locales cannot use UTF-8 as their
encoding.

>          (set-language-environment               'utf-8)
>          (set-default-coding-systems             'utf-8)

Redundant as long as you have the prefer-coding-system call below.

>          (setq file-name-coding-system           'utf-8)

This is a no-op: Emacs on Windows ignores the value of this variable,
except if you are on Windows 9X, and file names cannot be encoded in
UTF-8 on Windows anyway.  Starting with Emacs 24.4, Emacs on Windows
uses Unicode APIs to deal with file names, so it supports non-ASCII
file names with all Unicode characters, and you don't need to do
anything to get this support.

>          (setq buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8)

Dangerous.  Also redundant with prefer-coding-system below.

>          (setq coding-system-for-write           'utf-8)

This is dangerous: it will produce subtle issues with some commands,
notably when invoking subprocesses with non-ASCII strings in
command-line arguments.  This variable exists so that Lisp programs
could force specific encoding where appropriate, so leave it to that
and don't globally set it.

>          (set-keyboard-coding-system             'utf-8)
>          (set-terminal-coding-system          'utf-8)

These are wrong, and will get in the way when you work in -nw
sessions.  Emacs on MS-Windows doesn't fully support UTF-8 encoding of
keyboard input and console output, even if you tweak your system's
codepage to be 65001 (did you?).

>          (prefer-coding-system                   'utf-8)

This is the only setting that you should have if you want to use UTF-8
wherever possible and reasonable.

>          ;; (set-buffer-process-coding-system 'utf-8 'utf-8)
>          (modify-coding-system-alist 'process 
> "[cC][mM][dD][pP][rR][oO][xX][yY]" 'utf-8-dos)

This is wrong: Emacs on MS-Windows doesn't support UTF-8 encoding of
program command-line arguments for subprocesses, and most Windows
programs will NOT talk UTF-8 in their standard streams.
prefer-coding-system should take care of those situations where this
is possible/actually happens; the rest should be left alone, or you
will have subtle problems with non-ASCII I/O vis-a-vis subprocesses.

HTH

Re: Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[Eli Zaretskii]

[Resending with the correct Subject.]

> From: "B. T. Raven" <btraven@nihilo.net>
> Date: Thu, 13 Apr 2017 00:09:51 -0500
> 
> I also have these lines in my .emacs:
> 
>    (set-locale-environment   "utf-8")
>          (set-language-environment               'utf-8)
>          (set-default-coding-systems             'utf-8)
>          (setq file-name-coding-system           'utf-8)
>          (setq buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8)
>          (setq coding-system-for-write           'utf-8)
>          (set-keyboard-coding-system             'utf-8)
>          (set-terminal-coding-system          'utf-8)
>          (prefer-coding-system                   'utf-8)
>          ;; (set-buffer-process-coding-system 'utf-8 'utf-8)
>          (modify-coding-system-alist 'process 
> "[cC][mM][dD][pP][rR][oO][xX][yY]" 'utf-8-dos)
> 
> 
> The line commented out caused a problem but I don't remember what it 
> was. My os w64 vers. 7

Some of the above are not recommended, and some are downright
dangerous (a.k.a. "shooting yourself in the foot").  Especially on
MS-Windows, UTF-8 should be used with extra care, because Windows only
partially supports this encoding in its APIs.

Specifically:

>    (set-locale-environment   "utf-8")

Don't do this on Windows, as Windows locales cannot use UTF-8 as their
encoding.

>          (set-language-environment               'utf-8)
>          (set-default-coding-systems             'utf-8)

Redundant as long as you have the prefer-coding-system call below.

>          (setq file-name-coding-system           'utf-8)

This is a no-op: Emacs on Windows ignores the value of this variable,
except if you are on Windows 9X, and file names cannot be encoded in
UTF-8 on Windows anyway.  Starting with Emacs 24.4, Emacs on Windows
uses Unicode APIs to deal with file names, so it supports non-ASCII
file names with all Unicode characters, and you don't need to do
anything to get this support.

>          (setq buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8)

Dangerous.  Also redundant with prefer-coding-system below.

>          (setq coding-system-for-write           'utf-8)

This is dangerous: it will produce subtle issues with some commands,
notably when invoking subprocesses with non-ASCII strings in
command-line arguments.  This variable exists so that Lisp programs
could force specific encoding where appropriate, so leave it to that
and don't globally set it.

>          (set-keyboard-coding-system             'utf-8)
>          (set-terminal-coding-system          'utf-8)

These are wrong, and will get in the way when you work in -nw
sessions.  Emacs on MS-Windows doesn't fully support UTF-8 encoding of
keyboard input and console output, even if you tweak your system's
codepage to be 65001 (did you?).

>          (prefer-coding-system                   'utf-8)

This is the only setting that you should have if you want to use UTF-8
wherever possible and reasonable.

>          ;; (set-buffer-process-coding-system 'utf-8 'utf-8)
>          (modify-coding-system-alist 'process 
> "[cC][mM][dD][pP][rR][oO][xX][yY]" 'utf-8-dos)

This is wrong: Emacs on MS-Windows doesn't support UTF-8 encoding of
program command-line arguments for subprocesses, and most Windows
programs will NOT talk UTF-8 in their standard streams.
prefer-coding-system should take care of those situations where this
is possible/actually happens; the rest should be left alone, or you
will have subtle problems with non-ASCII I/O vis-a-vis subprocesses.

HTH

Re: Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[hector]

@Eli: Thank you. Everything works better when you know what you're doing.

Re: Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[Will Parsons]

B. T. Raven wrote:
> Hi Will. I decided to respond because of this observation in the latest 
> posting:
> "They used to say emacs and vi are religions; these days they are 
> starting to seem like latin."

Not completely - "Emacs" should be spelt "Emax" first ;)
(And the plural, I suppose should be "emaces" rather than "emacsen".)

> On 4/7/2017 18:43, Will Parsons wrote:
>> I want to always use Unicode/UTF-8 unless otherwise specified.  I've noticed
>> that I've attempted to do this in my .emacs file in two separate ways on two
>> separate platforms:
>>
>> 1)  (setq-default buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
>>
>> 2)  (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
>>
>> Both seem to work, but I'm wondering if there are subtle differences between
>> the two that I should be aware of.
>
> I can't help with any subtlties but can only recommend that you add this 
> cookie to the beginning of the buffer:
>
>   ;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

Yes, I've employed that too.  (Incidentally, I've been programming a lot in
Ruby for some years now, and I was surprised to find that after inserting a
copyright symbol (©) into one of my Ruby source files, that Emacs ruby-mode
inserted a line containing '# coding: utf-8' at the top when the file was
saved.)

> I think it may be enough to save and reload the file into a new buffer 
> before adding exotic characters.
> I also have these lines in my .emacs:
>
>    (set-locale-environment   "utf-8")
>          (set-language-environment               'utf-8)
>          (set-default-coding-systems             'utf-8)
>          (setq file-name-coding-system           'utf-8)
>          (setq buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8)
>          (setq coding-system-for-write           'utf-8)
>          (set-keyboard-coding-system             'utf-8)
>          (set-terminal-coding-system          'utf-8)
>          (prefer-coding-system                   'utf-8)
>          ;; (set-buffer-process-coding-system 'utf-8 'utf-8)
>          (modify-coding-system-alist 'process 
> "[cC][mM][dD][pP][rR][oO][xX][yY]" 'utf-8-dos)
>
> The line commented out caused a problem but I don't remember what it 
> was. My os w64 vers. 7

Wow.  I should think that should cover all possibilities.  I prefer to be a
bit more minimalist than that though...

Anyway, thanks - Vale Edwarde!

-- 
Will

Re: Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[Jason Rumney]

On Saturday, 8 April 2017 07:43:58 UTC+8, Will Parsons  wrote:
> I want to always use Unicode/UTF-8 unless otherwise specified.  I've noticed
> that I've attempted to do this in my .emacs file in two separate ways on two
> separate platforms:
> 
> 1)  (setq-default buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
> 
> 2)  (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
> 
> Both seem to work, but I'm wondering if there are subtle differences between
> the two that I should be aware of.

The first only sets the default coding system for Files.

The second sets it for for everything, including system clipboard, file names, process I/O ...

On modern GNU/Linux, Mac or other Posix based OS's, you probably want everything in UTF-8, so the latter is correct. 

On Windows, the system itself does not support UTF-8 fully, so the former is safer. For clipboard and file names on Windows, the latest versions of Emacs will use Unicode regardless of what you specify for the coding system, it is really only process I/O that is the problem - Cygwin and Mingw apps may support UTF-8 I/O, but native Windows apps (including the cmd.exe shell) can have severe difficulties with it.

Re: Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[Eli Zaretskii]

> Date: Fri, 21 Apr 2017 02:28:45 -0700 (PDT)
> From: Jason Rumney <jasonrumney@gmail.com>
> 
> On Windows, the system itself does not support UTF-8 fully, so the former is safer. For clipboard and file names on Windows, the latest versions of Emacs will use Unicode regardless of what you specify for the coding system, it is really only process I/O that is the problem - Cygwin and Mingw apps may support UTF-8 I/O, but native Windows apps (including the cmd.exe shell) can have severe difficulties with it.

MinGW apps are native apps, so they don't support UTF-8.  I think you
meant MSYS, not MinGW (and then only MSYS2 apps support UTF-8).

Re: Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[Will Parsons]

Jason Rumney wrote:
> On Saturday, 8 April 2017 07:43:58 UTC+8, Will Parsons  wrote:
>> I want to always use Unicode/UTF-8 unless otherwise specified.  I've noticed
>> that I've attempted to do this in my .emacs file in two separate ways on two
>> separate platforms:
>> 
>> 1)  (setq-default buffer-file-coding-system 'utf-8-unix)
>> 
>> 2)  (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
>> 
>> Both seem to work, but I'm wondering if there are subtle differences between
>> the two that I should be aware of.
>
> The first only sets the default coding system for Files.
>
> The second sets it for for everything, including system clipboard, file names, process I/O ...
>
> On modern GNU/Linux, Mac or other Posix based OS's, you probably want everything in UTF-8, so the latter is correct. 
>
> On Windows, the system itself does not support UTF-8 fully, so the former is safer. For clipboard and file names on Windows, the latest versions of Emacs will use Unicode regardless of what you specify for the coding system, it is really only process I/O that is the problem - Cygwin and Mingw apps may support UTF-8 I/O, but native Windows apps (including the cmd.exe shell) can have severe difficulties with it.

Thank you for this detailed answer.  Interestingly enough, I have them
reversed in my Unix vs Windows configurations.

-- 
Will

Understanding cross version problem

[Francis Belliveau]

I have encountered something that does not make sense to me.
I am normally running version 23.1 but my OS command line binds to 22.1

I have the following line in my .emacs file
  (if (boundp tool-bar-mode) (tool-bar-mode -1))

I put that there to eliminate an error from 22.1 about the missing variable.  However, when I -debug-init I am still being told:
  "void-variable tool-bar-mode"
I thought that is what "boundp" was checking?

What have I missed?

Fran

RE: Understanding cross version problem

[Drew Adams]

>   (if (boundp tool-bar-mode) (tool-bar-mode -1))

Change (boundp tool-bar-mode) to (boundp 'tool-bar-mode).

> I put that there to eliminate an error from 22.1 about the missing variable.
> However, when I -debug-init I am still being told:
>   "void-variable tool-bar-mode"
> I thought that is what "boundp" was checking?
> 
> What have I missed?

See above.

Re: Understanding how to specify UTF-8

[Stefan Monnier]

> I want to always use Unicode/UTF-8 unless otherwise specified.

If your locale is using utf-8 (which it should nowadays in most cases
under GNU/Linux, especially if you "want to always use Unicode/UTF-8"),
then Emacs should already do that automatically.


        Stefan

(unknown)

[Tennyson Bardwell]

*tl;dr: <esc> converted to meta-prefix during a freeze (spacemacs)*

*Symptoms*
I have an annoying problem, but I think I know what's going on. <esc>[1]
followed by keys like <j> get converted into <M-j> when they arrive at
emacs during a freeze. Practically, my habit of `saving => esc => movement`
causes emacs to freeze for 200-500ms frequently, followed by some random
command happening, causing me a decent amount of problems.

*Environment*
I'm using spacemacs via GUI on a Mac M1[2]. I don't think this is
environment specific, however. I believe I can replicate this in the CLI
vis emacsclient and across versions of emacs.

*Attempted Solution*
I did try to set `meta-prefix-char` from `27` (esc) to `nil` but then I had
weird behavior, like <M-:> stopped working (it was converted to <ESC :>).
It seemed like there was enough odd behavior that I abandoned this route.

*Request*
If anyone has any more information about this (or has intuition) please let
me know. I got the sense that this issue only really affects people in
evil-mode, and that setting meta-prefix-char to nil was a bad idea.

[1]
I press escape via [ C-[ ] on my laptop

[2]
MacOS 14.2.1 on an M1
GNU Emacs 29.2 (build 1, aarch64-apple-darwin21.6.0, NS appkit-2113.60
Version 12.6.6 (Build 21G646)) of 2024-01-18 (homebrew)
spacemacs ffebed03d2d21b8f9b1cbb173656c2fe073f6a7f

(unknown)

[cheyrn via Users list for the GNU Emacs text editor]

I don't see a way to specify plain text in this email client. Sorry if it's
html.  

  

I built emacs 28.1 from source on ubuntu 22.04 running under WSL2 on windows
11. I have the theme specified using the GTK_THEME environment variable. The
theme works as expected in gnome-terminal and nautilus, but for emacs it only
works within the window. The border and title bar are white and I'm using
Adwaita-dark theme.  

  

So, first, do you know how I can get the theme to apply to the title bar and
border?  

  

Also, I thought the titlebar and border were ordinarily supplied by a desktop
manager or desktop shell. Since I'm not running a DM, where is that coming
from?  

  

cheyrn  

  

  

(unknown)

[Lorenzo Isella]

>
>Lorenzo Isella wrote:
>
>> ;; See https://github.com/jming422/fira-code-mode
>
>Grep that for "non-graphical" and you get this:
>
>(unless (display-graphic-p)
>  (display-warning '(fira-code-ligatures) "fira-code-mode
>  probably won't work for non-graphical displays!"))
>
>So `display-graphic-p' returns nil for you, and truthfully so
>I take it?
>
>If so, read the help for `display-warning' ...
>
>-- 
>underground experts united
>https://dataswamp.org/~incal

Thanks for taking the time to give some help.
I understand that this is a warning which is (rightly) activated by
the code at

https://github.com/jming422/fira-code-mode

Unfortunately, I do not know yet how to disable it.

I would like to avoid tampering with the source code of fira.
How do I read the help for `display-warning' ?
I google it with emacs and I found a lot of hits (too many!) and M-x
help on my emacs does not provide anything about the display-warning.
Thanks!

Lorenzo

Re: (unknown)

[Óscar Fuentes]

Lorenzo Isella <lorenzo.isella@gmail.com> writes:

> Thanks for taking the time to give some help.
> I understand that this is a warning which is (rightly) activated by
> the code at
>
> https://github.com/jming422/fira-code-mode
>
> Unfortunately, I do not know yet how to disable it.
>
> I would like to avoid tampering with the source code of fira.
> How do I read the help for `display-warning' ?

I think the right string you need to pull is the variable
`warning-suppress-types' (or even `warning-suppress-log-types', although
this is mentioned on the docstring of `warning-suppress-types'.)

Or let-bind `warning-minimum-level' around the problematic point:

(let ((warning-minimum-level :error))
  ... put here the the code you want to silence
  )

(unknown)

[hput]

When I do scripting in ksh93 emacs defaults to a mode that on the
bar across the bottom where page and char number appear it says:
                  (shell-script[ksh 88] abbrev)

I know very little about ksh 88, and do know that it is considered out
dated.

Is there a mode specifically for ksh93?

It seems that when in that `ksh 88' mode my cursor is continually
jerked to a position that is definitely wrong for where I am in the
script.

Now, when I press <enter> after typing the `fi' in an `if' clause, my
cursur is jerked to the position one would add "content" to an `if'
clause, (the `bleh bleh' ) below.

Example:

if [ $this ];then
   bleh bleh
fi <RET>
   [] <= cusor lands here

Instead of
   
if [ $this ];then
   bleh bleh
fi <RET>
[] <= here, where it needs to be for most next steps

From that position (first `if' clause) cursor needs to go to the far
left edge where one might start more scripting such as another `if'
clause.  And that wrong behavior continues throughout the rest of the
script.

Unlike perl-mode .. where cursor lands where it should.

If the `ksh' script has more than a few lines, that can get
aggravating and time consuming to have to get the cursor to the far
left.  What ever means one uses to position the cursor there is a
pause => action and begin again for more scripting. Why is that?

Re: (unknown)

[Stefan Monnier via Users list for the GNU Emacs text editor]

> if [ $this ];then
>    bleh bleh
> fi <RET>
>    [] <= cusor lands here
>
> Instead of
>    
> if [ $this ];then
>    bleh bleh
> fi <RET>
> [] <= here, where it needs to be for most next steps

Definitely sounds like a bug.  Please `M-x report-emacs-bug` and feel
free to put me in the `X-Debbugs-Cc:` since I might very well be
to blame.


        Stefan

(unknown)

[Sai Karthik]

Hello, is there any way to list all recipients of a gpg file using epa? couldn't find anything useful from the manual (https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/epa.html)

(unknown)

[Justin Barclay]

Hi there,

I'm hoping to publish my first Emacs package to Melpa, but before I do I
was hoping someone with more elisp experience then I would be willing to
give me some feedback on my package. Before I started this project, I
wasn't very familiar with Emacs package creation. So, I'm curious to find
out what I've done plainly wrong or what improvements I could make to this
package.

My package can be found at
https://github.com/justinbarclay/parinfer-rust-mode.

Sincerely,

Justin

(unknown)

[Budi]

how to assign shortcut key i.e. bind a key to do M-x ielm <ret>
sequence in emacs

tried;

(defun d () (interactive)(command-execute (execute-extended-command "ielm")))
(global-set-key (kbd "<f1>") 'd)

to no avail...
Please help me!

Re: (unknown)

[Óscar Fuentes]

Budi <budikusasi@gmail.com> writes:

> how to assign shortcut key i.e. bind a key to do M-x ielm <ret>
> sequence in emacs
>
> tried;
>
> (defun d () (interactive)(command-execute (execute-extended-command "ielm")))
> (global-set-key (kbd "<f1>") 'd)
>
> to no avail...
> Please help me!

Try

(global-set-key (kbd "<f1>") 'ielm)

In the future, please use an appropriate Subject field on your
enquiries. Thanks.

(unknown)

[tester12312]

I am using a fresh vanilla build of emacs from the bzr repository.
Somehow I cannot get display-buffer-function to work.  Whenever I fall
back to display-buffer inside my display-buffer-function, windowing gets
funky.

How to reproduce:

emacs -q
(setq display-buffer-function
      (lambda (a b)
    (let ((display-buffer-function nil))
      (display-buffer a b))))
open a file

why is a new window created?

(unknown)

[mayuko_v_v_sutekimax]

私、今まで出会い系で何人か男の人に会ってきました。
でも、それだと男の人がお金かかって大変みたいだし…
だから私がいろんな人にチャンスをあげたくて本物の出会い系始める事にしたんです!!
12月から募集始めたんだけど女の子ばかりで男の人があまり居ないから是非見て欲しいんです。
みんな体の関係を望んでるから当然会う事もできるし。
それで登録して会えなかったら保障として私が会いに行きます。
名前はまゆこです。play-M-999005@sweet-chat.netにメールしてくれてもかまいません。
もし会えなかったらメルアド載せてあるから連絡ください。
↓が私の運営してるサイトです。
http://www.sweet-chat.net/index.php/999005
一度使ってみてくださいね。今なら2000円分無料で使えるようになってます。感想聞かせてくれたら嬉しいです！

(unknown)

[Knowledg1]

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Уважаемые коллеги!

Приглашаем Вас и Вашу фирму к участию в международном симпозиуме
по Knowledge Technology & Management. На нем для руководителей и
специалистов ведущих предприятий России будет представлен опыт
применения технологий управления корпоративными знаниями, а также
будет рассмотрена роль этих и близких к ним информационных технологий
в повышении эффективности производства и инвестиционной
привлекательности предприятий, организаций и регионов. Более подробная
информация приведена на сайте http://proteus-spb.ru/tmp/russoft.html .

Краткая же информация о международном симпозиуме по Knowledge
Technology & Management (состоится в Санкт - Петербурге
с 25 по 27 июня 2003г.) прилагается.

Оргкомитет
По проведению международного симпозиума по Knowledge Technology – технологиям знаний
(Комитет по информатизации и телекоммуникациям Ленинградской области, 
«BITKOM»,  Центр «Протей»,  «Rus-Soft»,   «Fort-Ross»).  

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(unknown)

[@Traduire]

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Site : www.a-traduire.com

(unknown)

[Sebastian Tennant]

  Hi all,

	I'm running the bundled emacs that comes with OSX Jaguar (version 
21.1.1 no less) and am experiencing one or two problems saving my 
desktop in between sessions.  'desktop-enable' is non-nil, and I 
manually M-x desktop-saved everything first time around.  My 
.emacs.desktop file even lists the buffers correctly, (i.e. as 
text-mode), but try as I might they keep being restored in 
fundamental-mode.  Curiously the minor mode auto-fill is being 
preserved but not the major mode!  I've even put text-mode in 
desktop-buffer-modes-to-save and fundamental-mode in 
desktop-modes-not-to-save without success.

	Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Seb.

(unknown)

[Waruna Singappuli]

Hi

Could you please tell me from where I could get the emacs
installation(binaries) for Solaris 5.8

Thanks
Waruna.