;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
;;; Copyright © 2013-2023 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2013 Nikita Karetnikov <nikita@karetnikov.org>
;;; Copyright © 2014, 2016 Alex Kost <alezost@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2015 Mark H Weaver <mhw@netris.org>
;;; Copyright © 2015 Sou Bunnbu <iyzsong@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2021, 2022 Ricardo Wurmus <rekado@elephly.net>
;;; Copyright © 2016 Chris Marusich <cmmarusich@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2017 Huang Ying <huang.ying.caritas@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2017, 2021 Maxim Cournoyer <maxim.cournoyer@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2019 Kyle Meyer <kyle@kyleam.com>
;;; Copyright © 2019 Mathieu Othacehe <m.othacehe@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2020 Danny Milosavljevic <dannym@scratchpost.org>
;;; Copyright © 2014 David Thompson <davet@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2022 Arun Isaac <arunisaac@systemreboot.net>
;;;
;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
;;; your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

(define-module (guix profiles)
  #:use-module ((guix config) #:select (%state-directory))
  #:use-module ((guix utils) #:hide (package-name->name+version))
  #:use-module ((guix build utils)
                #:select (package-name->name+version mkdir-p switch-symlinks))
  #:use-module ((guix diagnostics) #:select (&fix-hint formatted-message))
  #:use-module (guix i18n)
  #:use-module (guix records)
  #:use-module (guix packages)
  #:use-module (guix derivations)
  #:use-module (guix search-paths)
  #:use-module (guix gexp)
  #:use-module (guix modules)
  #:use-module (guix monads)
  #:use-module (guix store)
  #:use-module (ice-9 vlist)
  #:use-module (ice-9 match)
  #:use-module (ice-9 regex)
  #:use-module (ice-9 ftw)
  #:use-module (ice-9 format)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-9)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-11)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-19)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-34)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-35)
  #:autoload   (srfi srfi-98) (get-environment-variables)
  #:export (&profile-error
            profile-error?
            profile-error-profile
            &profile-not-found-error
            profile-not-found-error?
            &profile-collision-error
            profile-collision-error?
            profile-collision-error-entry
            profile-collision-error-conflict
            &missing-generation-error
            missing-generation-error?
            missing-generation-error-generation
            &unmatched-pattern-error
            unmatched-pattern-error?
            unmatched-pattern-error-pattern
            unmatched-pattern-error-manifest

            manifest make-manifest
            manifest?
            manifest-entries
            manifest-transitive-entries

            <manifest-entry>              ; FIXME: eventually make it internal
            manifest-entry
            manifest-entry?
            manifest-entry-name
            manifest-entry-version
            manifest-entry-output
            manifest-entry-item
            manifest-entry-dependencies
            manifest-entry-search-paths
            manifest-entry-parent
            manifest-entry-properties
            lower-manifest-entry

            manifest-entry=?

            manifest-pattern
            manifest-pattern?
            manifest-pattern-name
            manifest-pattern-version
            manifest-pattern-output

            concatenate-manifests
            map-manifest-entries
            manifest-remove
            manifest-add
            manifest-lookup
            manifest-installed?
            manifest-matching-entries
            manifest-search-paths
            check-for-collisions

            manifest->code

            manifest-transaction
            manifest-transaction?
            manifest-transaction-install
            manifest-transaction-remove
            manifest-transaction-install-entry
            manifest-transaction-remove-pattern
            manifest-transaction-null?
            manifest-transaction-removal-candidate?
            manifest-perform-transaction
            manifest-transaction-effects

            profile-manifest
            package->manifest-entry
            package->development-manifest
            packages->manifest
            ca-certificate-bundle
            %default-profile-hooks
            %manifest-format-version
            profile-derivation
            profile-search-paths
            load-profile

            profile
            profile?
            profile-name
            profile-content
            profile-hooks
            profile-locales?
            profile-allow-collisions?
            profile-relative-symlinks?

            generation-number
            generation-profile
            generation-numbers
            profile-generations
            relative-generation-spec->number
            relative-generation
            previous-generation-number
            generation-time
            generation-file-name
            switch-to-generation
            roll-back
            delete-generation

            %user-profile-directory
            %profile-directory
            %current-profile
            ensure-profile-directory
            canonicalize-profile
            user-friendly-profile

            linux-module-database))

;;; Commentary:
;;;
;;; Tools to create and manipulate profiles---i.e., the representation of a
;;; set of installed packages.
;;;
;;; Code:

\f
;;;
;;; Condition types.
;;;

(define-condition-type &profile-error &error
  profile-error?
  (profile profile-error-profile))

(define-condition-type &profile-not-found-error &profile-error
  profile-not-found-error?)

(define-condition-type &profile-collision-error &error
  profile-collision-error?
  (entry    profile-collision-error-entry)        ;<manifest-entry>
  (conflict profile-collision-error-conflict))    ;<manifest-entry>

(define-condition-type &unmatched-pattern-error &error
  unmatched-pattern-error?
  (pattern  unmatched-pattern-error-pattern)      ;<manifest-pattern>
  (manifest unmatched-pattern-error-manifest))    ;<manifest>

(define-condition-type &missing-generation-error &profile-error
  missing-generation-error?
  (generation missing-generation-error-generation))

\f
;;;
;;; Manifests.
;;;

(define-record-type <manifest>
  (manifest entries)
  manifest?
  (entries manifest-entries))                     ; list of <manifest-entry>

;; Convenient alias, to avoid name clashes.
(define make-manifest manifest)

(define-record-type* <manifest-entry> manifest-entry
  make-manifest-entry
  manifest-entry?
  (name         manifest-entry-name)              ; string
  (version      manifest-entry-version)           ; string
  (output       manifest-entry-output             ; string
                (default "out"))
  (item         manifest-entry-item)              ; package | file-like | store path
  (dependencies manifest-entry-dependencies       ; <manifest-entry>*
                (default '()))
  (search-paths manifest-entry-search-paths       ; search-path-specification*
                (default '()))
  (parent       manifest-entry-parent        ; promise (#f | <manifest-entry>)
                (default (delay #f)))
  (properties   manifest-entry-properties         ; list of symbol/value pairs
                (default '())))

(define-record-type* <manifest-pattern> manifest-pattern
  make-manifest-pattern
  manifest-pattern?
  (name         manifest-pattern-name)            ; string
  (version      manifest-pattern-version          ; string | #f
                (default #f))
  (output       manifest-pattern-output           ; string | #f
                (default "out")))

(define (list=? = lst1 lst2)
  "Return true if LST1 and LST2 have the same length and their elements are
pairwise equal per =."
  (match lst1
    (()
     (null? lst2))
    ((head1 . tail1)
     (match lst2
       ((head2 . tail2)
        (and (= head1 head2) (list=? = tail1 tail2)))
       (()
        #f)))))

(define (manifest-entry=? entry1 entry2)
  "Return true if ENTRY1 is equivalent to ENTRY2, ignoring their 'properties'
field."
  (match entry1
    (($ <manifest-entry> name1 version1 output1 item1 dependencies1 paths1)
     (match entry2
       (($ <manifest-entry> name2 version2 output2 item2 dependencies2 paths2)
        (and (string=? name1 name2)
             (string=? version1 version2)
             (string=? output1 output2)
             (equal? item1 item2)      ;XXX: could be <package> vs. store item
             (equal? paths1 paths2)
             (list=? manifest-entry=? dependencies1 dependencies2)))))))

(define (manifest-transitive-entries manifest)
  "Return the entries of MANIFEST along with their propagated inputs,
recursively."
  (let loop ((entries (manifest-entries manifest))
             (result  '())
             (visited vlist-null))            ;compare with 'manifest-entry=?'
    (match entries
      (()
       (reverse result))
      ((head . tail)
       (if (vhash-assoc head visited manifest-entry=?)
           (loop tail result visited)
           (loop (append (manifest-entry-dependencies head)
                         tail)
                 (cons head result)
                 (vhash-cons head #t visited)))))))

(define (profile-manifest profile)
  "Return the PROFILE's manifest."
  (let ((file (string-append profile "/manifest")))
    (if (file-exists? file)
        (call-with-input-file file read-manifest)
        (manifest '()))))

(define (manifest-entry-lookup manifest)
  "Return a lookup procedure for the entries of MANIFEST.  The lookup
procedure takes two arguments: the entry name and output."
  (define mapping
    (let loop ((entries (manifest-entries manifest))
               (mapping vlist-null))
      (fold (lambda (entry result)
              (vhash-cons (cons (manifest-entry-name entry)
                                (manifest-entry-output entry))
                          entry
                          (loop (manifest-entry-dependencies entry)
                                result)))
            mapping
            entries)))

  (lambda (name output)
    (match (vhash-assoc (cons name output) mapping)
      ((_ . entry) entry)
      (#f          #f))))

(define* (lower-manifest-entry entry system #:key target)
  "Lower ENTRY for SYSTEM and TARGET such that its 'item' field is a store
file name."
  (define (recurse entry)
    (mapm/accumulate-builds (lambda (entry)
                              (lower-manifest-entry entry system
                                                    #:target target))
                            (manifest-entry-dependencies entry)))

  (let ((item (manifest-entry-item entry)))
    (if (string? item)
        (with-monad %store-monad
          (return entry))
        (mlet %store-monad ((drv (lower-object item system
                                               #:target target))
                            (dependencies (recurse entry))
                            (output -> (manifest-entry-output entry)))
          (return (manifest-entry
                    (inherit entry)
                    (item (derivation->output-path drv output))
                    (dependencies dependencies)))))))

(define* (check-for-collisions manifest system #:key target)
  "Check whether the entries of MANIFEST conflict with one another; raise a
'&profile-collision-error' when a conflict is encountered."
  (define lookup
    (manifest-entry-lookup manifest))

  (define candidates
    (filter-map (lambda (entry)
                  (let ((other (lookup (manifest-entry-name entry)
                                       (manifest-entry-output entry))))
                    (and other
                         (not (eq? (manifest-entry-item entry)
                                   (manifest-entry-item other)))
                         (list entry other))))
                (manifest-transitive-entries manifest)))

  (define lower-pair
    (match-lambda
      ((first second)
       (mlet %store-monad ((first  (lower-manifest-entry first system
                                                         #:target target))
                           (second (lower-manifest-entry second system
                                                         #:target target)))
         (return (list first second))))))

  ;; Start by lowering CANDIDATES "in parallel".
  (mlet %store-monad ((lst (mapm/accumulate-builds lower-pair candidates)))
    (foldm %store-monad
           (lambda (entries result)
             (match entries
               ((first second)
                (if (string=? (manifest-entry-item first)
                              (manifest-entry-item second))
                    (return result)
                    (raise (condition
                            (&profile-collision-error
                             (entry first)
                             (conflict second))))))))
           #t
           lst)))

(define (default-properties package)
  "Return the default properties of a manifest entry for PACKAGE."
  ;; Preserve transformation options by default.
  (match (assq-ref (package-properties package) 'transformations)
    (#f '())
    (transformations `((transformations . ,transformations)))))

(define* (package->manifest-entry package #:optional (output "out")
                                  #:key (parent (delay #f))
                                  (properties (default-properties package)))
  "Return a manifest entry for the OUTPUT of package PACKAGE."
  ;; For each dependency, keep a promise pointing to its "parent" entry.
  (letrec* ((deps  (map (match-lambda
                          ((label package)
                           (package->manifest-entry package
                                                    #:parent (delay entry)))
                          ((label package output)
                           (package->manifest-entry package output
                                                    #:parent (delay entry))))
                        (package-propagated-inputs package)))
            (entry (manifest-entry
                     (name (package-name package))
                     (version (package-version package))
                     (output output)
                     (item package)
                     (dependencies (delete-duplicates deps))
                     (search-paths
                      (package-transitive-native-search-paths package))
                     (parent parent)
                     (properties properties))))
    entry))

(define* (package->development-manifest package
                                        #:optional
                                        (system (%current-system))
                                        #:key target)
  "Return a manifest for the \"development inputs\" of PACKAGE for SYSTEM,
optionally when cross-compiling to TARGET.  Development inputs include both
explicit and implicit inputs of PACKAGE."
  (manifest
   (filter-map (match-lambda
                 ((label (? package? package))
                  (package->manifest-entry package))
                 ((label (? package? package) output)
                  (package->manifest-entry package output))
                 ;; TODO: Support <inferior-package>.
                 (_
                  #f))
               (package-development-inputs package system #:target target))))

(define (packages->manifest packages)
  "Return a list of manifest entries, one for each item listed in PACKAGES.
Elements of PACKAGES can be either package objects or package/string tuples
denoting a specific output of a package."
  (define inferiors-loaded?
    ;; This hack allows us to provide seamless integration for inferior
    ;; packages while not having a hard dependency on (guix inferior).
    (resolve-module '(guix inferior) #f #f #:ensure #f))

  (define (inferior->entry)
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(guix inferior))
                'inferior-package->manifest-entry))

  (manifest
   (delete-duplicates
    (map (match-lambda
           (((? package? package) output)
            (package->manifest-entry package output))
           ((? package? package)
            (package->manifest-entry package))
           ((thing output)
            (if inferiors-loaded?
                ((inferior->entry) thing output)
                (throw 'wrong-type-arg 'packages->manifest
                       "Wrong package object: ~S" (list thing) (list thing))))
           (thing
            (if inferiors-loaded?
                ((inferior->entry) thing)
                (throw 'wrong-type-arg 'packages->manifest
                       "Wrong package object: ~S" (list thing) (list thing)))))
         packages)
    manifest-entry=?)))

(define %manifest-format-version
  ;; The current manifest format version.
  4)

(define* (manifest->gexp manifest #:optional
                         (format-version %manifest-format-version))
  "Return a representation in FORMAT-VERSION of MANIFEST as a gexp."
  (define (optional name value)
    (match format-version
      (4
       (if (null? value)
           #~()
           #~((#$name #$value))))
      (3
       (match name
         ('properties #~((#$name #$@value)))
         (_           #~((#$name #$value)))))))

  (define (entry->gexp entry)
    ;; Maintain in state monad a vhash of visited entries, indexed by their
    ;; item, usually package objects (we cannot use the entry itself as an
    ;; index since identical entries are usually not 'eq?').  Use that vhash
    ;; to avoid repeating duplicate entries.  This is particularly useful in
    ;; the presence of propagated inputs, where we could otherwise end up
    ;; repeating large trees.
    (mlet %state-monad ((visited (current-state)))
      (if (and (= format-version 4)
               (match (vhash-assq (manifest-entry-item entry) visited)
                 ((_ . previous-entry)
                  (manifest-entry=? previous-entry entry))
                 (#f #f)))
          (return #~(repeated #$(manifest-entry-name entry)
                              #$(manifest-entry-version entry)
                              (ungexp (manifest-entry-item entry)
                                      (manifest-entry-output entry))))
          (mbegin %state-monad
            (set-current-state (vhash-consq (manifest-entry-item entry)
                                            entry visited))
            (mlet %state-monad ((deps (mapm %state-monad entry->gexp
                                            (manifest-entry-dependencies entry))))
              (return
               (match entry
                 (($ <manifest-entry> name version output (? string? path)
                                      (_ ...) (search-paths ...) _ (properties ...))
                  #~(#$name #$version #$output #$path
                            #$@(optional 'propagated-inputs deps)
                            #$@(optional 'search-paths
                                         (map search-path-specification->sexp
                                              search-paths))
                            #$@(optional 'properties properties)))
                 (($ <manifest-entry> name version output package
                                      (_deps ...) (search-paths ...) _ (properties ...))
                  #~(#$name #$version #$output
                            (ungexp package (or output "out"))
                            #$@(optional 'propagated-inputs deps)
                            #$@(optional 'search-paths
                                         (map search-path-specification->sexp
                                              search-paths))
                            #$@(optional 'properties properties))))))))))

  (unless (memq format-version '(3 4))
    (raise (formatted-message
            (G_ "cannot emit manifests formatted as version ~a")
            format-version)))

  (match manifest
    (($ <manifest> (entries ...))
     #~(manifest (version #$format-version)
                 (packages #$(run-with-state
                                 (mapm %state-monad entry->gexp entries)
                               vlist-null))))))

(define (sexp->manifest sexp)
  "Parse SEXP as a manifest."
  (define (infer-dependency item parent)
    ;; Return a <manifest-entry> for ITEM.
    (let-values (((name version)
                  (package-name->name+version
                   (store-path-package-name item))))
      (manifest-entry
        (name name)
        (version version)
        (item item)
        (parent parent))))

  (define* (sexp->manifest-entry/v3 sexp #:optional (parent (delay #f)))
    ;; Read SEXP as a version 3 manifest entry.
    (match sexp
      ((name version output path
             ('propagated-inputs deps)
             ('search-paths search-paths)
             extra-stuff ...)
       ;; For each of DEPS, keep a promise pointing to ENTRY.
       (letrec* ((deps* (map (cut sexp->manifest-entry/v3 <> (delay entry))
                             deps))
                 (entry (manifest-entry
                          (name name)
                          (version version)
                          (output output)
                          (item path)
                          (dependencies deps*)
                          (search-paths (map sexp->search-path-specification
                                             search-paths))
                          (parent parent)
                          (properties (or (assoc-ref extra-stuff 'properties)
                                          '())))))
         entry))))

  (define-syntax let-fields
    (syntax-rules ()
      ;; Bind the fields NAME of LST to same-named variables in the lexical
      ;; scope of BODY.
      ((_ lst (name rest ...) body ...)
       (let ((name (match (assq 'name lst)
                     ((_ value) value)
                     (#f '()))))
         (let-fields lst (rest ...) body ...)))
      ((_ lst () body ...)
       (begin body ...))))

  (define* (sexp->manifest-entry sexp #:optional (parent (delay #f)))
    (match sexp
      (('repeated name version path)
       ;; This entry is the same as another one encountered earlier; look it
       ;; up and return it.
       (mlet %state-monad ((visited (current-state))
                           (key -> (list name version path)))
         (match (vhash-assoc key visited)
           (#f
            (raise (formatted-message
                    (G_ "invalid repeated entry in profile: ~s")
                    sexp)))
           ((_ . entry)
            (return entry)))))
      ((name version output path fields ...)
       (let-fields fields (propagated-inputs search-paths properties)
         (mlet* %state-monad
             ((entry -> #f)
              (deps     (mapm %state-monad
                              (cut sexp->manifest-entry <> (delay entry))
                              propagated-inputs))
              (visited  (current-state))
              (key ->   (list name version path)))
           (set! entry                             ;XXX: emulate 'letrec*'
                 (manifest-entry
                   (name name)
                   (version version)
                   (output output)
                   (item path)
                   (dependencies deps)
                   (search-paths (map sexp->search-path-specification
                                      search-paths))
                   (parent parent)
                   (properties properties)))
           (mbegin %state-monad
             (set-current-state (vhash-cons key entry visited))
             (return entry)))))))

  (match sexp
    ;; Versions 0 and 1 are no longer produced since 2015.

    ;; Version 2 adds search paths and is slightly more verbose.
    (('manifest ('version 2 minor-version ...)
                ('packages ((name version output path
                                  ('propagated-inputs deps)
                                  ('search-paths search-paths)
                                  extra-stuff ...)
                            ...)))
     (manifest
      (map (lambda (name version output path deps search-paths)
             (letrec* ((deps* (map (cute infer-dependency <> (delay entry))
                                   deps))
                       (entry (manifest-entry
                                (name name)
                                (version version)
                                (output output)
                                (item path)
                                (dependencies deps*)
                                (search-paths
                                 (map sexp->search-path-specification
                                      search-paths)))))
               entry))
           name version output path deps search-paths)))

    ;; Version 3 represents DEPS as full-blown manifest entries.
    (('manifest ('version 3 minor-version ...)
                ('packages (entries ...)))
     (manifest (map sexp->manifest-entry/v3 entries)))

    ;; Version 4 deduplicates repeated entries and makes manifest entry fields
    ;; such as 'propagated-inputs' and 'search-paths' optional.
    (('manifest ('version 4 minor-version ...)
                ('packages (entries ...)))
     (manifest (run-with-state
                   (mapm %state-monad sexp->manifest-entry entries)
                 vlist-null)))
    (_
     (raise (condition
             (&message (message "unsupported manifest format")))))))

(define (read-manifest port)
  "Return the packages listed in MANIFEST."
  (sexp->manifest (read port)))

(define (concatenate-manifests lst)
  "Concatenate the manifests listed in LST and return the resulting manifest."
  (manifest (append-map manifest-entries lst)))

(define (map-manifest-entries proc manifest)
  "Apply PROC to all the entries of MANIFEST and return a new manifest."
  (make-manifest
   (map proc (manifest-entries manifest))))

(define (entry-predicate pattern)
  "Return a procedure that returns #t when passed a manifest entry that
matches NAME/OUTPUT/VERSION.  OUTPUT and VERSION may be #f, in which case they
are ignored."
  (match pattern
    (($ <manifest-pattern> name version output)
     (match-lambda
      (($ <manifest-entry> entry-name entry-version entry-output)
       (and (string=? entry-name name)
            (or (not entry-output) (not output)
                (string=? entry-output output))
            (or (not version)
                (string=? entry-version version))))))))

(define (manifest-remove manifest patterns)
  "Remove entries for each of PATTERNS from MANIFEST.  Each item in PATTERNS
must be a manifest-pattern."
  (define (remove-entry pattern lst)
    (remove (entry-predicate pattern) lst))

  (make-manifest (fold remove-entry
                       (manifest-entries manifest)
                       patterns)))

(define (manifest-add manifest entries)
  "Add a list of manifest ENTRIES to MANIFEST and return new manifest.
Remove MANIFEST entries that have the same name and output as ENTRIES."
  (define (same-entry? entry name output)
    (match entry
      (($ <manifest-entry> entry-name _ entry-output _)
       (and (equal? name entry-name)
            (equal? output entry-output)))))

  (make-manifest
   (fold (lambda (entry result)                   ;XXX: quadratic
           (match entry
             (($ <manifest-entry> name _ out _)
              (cons entry
                    (remove (cut same-entry? <> name out)
                            result)))))
         (manifest-entries manifest)
         entries)))

(define (manifest-lookup manifest pattern)
  "Return the first item of MANIFEST that matches PATTERN, or #f if there is
no match.."
  (find (entry-predicate pattern)
        (manifest-entries manifest)))

(define (manifest-installed? manifest pattern)
  "Return #t if MANIFEST has an entry matching PATTERN (a manifest-pattern),
#f otherwise."
  (->bool (manifest-lookup manifest pattern)))

(define (manifest-matching-entries manifest patterns)
  "Return all the entries of MANIFEST that match one of the PATTERNS.  Raise
an '&unmatched-pattern-error' if none of the entries of MANIFEST matches one
of PATTERNS."
  (fold-right (lambda (pattern matches)
                (match (filter (entry-predicate pattern)
                               (manifest-entries manifest))
                  (()
                   (raise (condition
                           (&unmatched-pattern-error
                            (pattern pattern)
                            (manifest manifest)))))
                  (lst
                   (append lst matches))))
              '()
              patterns))

(define (manifest-search-paths manifest)
  "Return the list of search path specifications that apply to MANIFEST,
including the search path specification for $PATH."
  (delete-duplicates
   (cons $PATH
         (append-map manifest-entry-search-paths
                     (manifest-entries manifest)))))

(define* (manifest->code manifest
                         #:key (entry-package-version (const "")))
  "Return an sexp representing code to build an approximate version of
MANIFEST; the code is wrapped in a top-level 'begin' form.  Call
ENTRY-PACKAGE-VERSION to determine the version number to use in the spec for a
given entry; it can be set to 'manifest-entry-version' for fully-specified
version numbers, or to some other procedure to disambiguate versions for
packages for which several versions are available."
  (define (entry-transformations entry)
    ;; Return the transformations that apply to ENTRY.
    (assoc-ref (manifest-entry-properties entry) 'transformations))

  (define transformation-procedures
    ;; List of transformation options/procedure name pairs.
    (let loop ((entries (manifest-entries manifest))
               (counter 1)
               (result  '()))
      (match entries
        (() result)
        ((entry . tail)
         (match (entry-transformations entry)
           (#f
            (loop tail counter result))
           (options
            (if (assoc-ref result options)
                (loop tail counter result)
                (loop tail (+ 1 counter)
                      (alist-cons options
                                  (string->symbol
                                   (format #f "transform~a" counter))
                                  result)))))))))

  (define (qualified-name entry)
    ;; Return the name of ENTRY possibly with "@" followed by a version.
    (match (entry-package-version entry)
      (""      (manifest-entry-name entry))
      (version (string-append (manifest-entry-name entry)
                              "@" version))))

  (if (null? transformation-procedures)
      `(begin                                     ;simplest case
         (specifications->manifest
          (list ,@(map (lambda (entry)
                         (match (manifest-entry-output entry)
                           ("out"  (qualified-name entry))
                           (output (string-append (qualified-name entry)
                                                  ":" output))))
                       (manifest-entries manifest)))))
      (let* ((transform (lambda (options exp)
                          (if (not options)
                              exp
                              (let ((proc (assoc-ref transformation-procedures
                                                     options)))
                                `(,proc ,exp))))))
        `(begin                                   ;transformations apply
           (use-modules (guix transformations))

           ,@(map (match-lambda
                    ((options . name)
                     `(define ,name
                        (options->transformation ',options))))
                  transformation-procedures)

           (packages->manifest
            (list ,@(map (lambda (entry)
                           (define options
                             (entry-transformations entry))

                           (define name
                             (qualified-name entry))

                           (match (manifest-entry-output entry)
                             ("out"
                              (transform options
                                         `(specification->package ,name)))
                             (output
                              `(list ,(transform
                                       options
                                       `(specification->package ,name))
                                     ,output))))
                         (manifest-entries manifest))))))))

\f
;;;
;;; Manifest transactions.
;;;

(define-record-type* <manifest-transaction> manifest-transaction
  make-manifest-transaction
  manifest-transaction?
  (install manifest-transaction-install ; list of <manifest-entry>
           (default '()))
  (remove  manifest-transaction-remove  ; list of <manifest-pattern>
           (default '())))

(define (manifest-transaction-install-entry entry transaction)
  "Augment TRANSACTION's set of installed packages with ENTRY, a
<manifest-entry>."
  (manifest-transaction
   (inherit transaction)
   (install
    (cons entry (manifest-transaction-install transaction)))))

(define (manifest-transaction-remove-pattern pattern transaction)
  "Add PATTERN to TRANSACTION's list of packages to remove."
  (manifest-transaction
   (inherit transaction)
   (remove
    (cons pattern (manifest-transaction-remove transaction)))))

(define (manifest-transaction-null? transaction)
  "Return true if TRANSACTION has no effect---i.e., it neither installs nor
remove software."
  (match transaction
    (($ <manifest-transaction> () ()) #t)
    (($ <manifest-transaction> _ _)   #f)))

(define (manifest-transaction-removal-candidate? entry transaction)
  "Return true if ENTRY is a candidate for removal in TRANSACTION."
  (any (lambda (pattern)
         ((entry-predicate pattern) entry))
       (manifest-transaction-remove transaction)))

(define (manifest-transaction-effects manifest transaction)
  "Compute the effect of applying TRANSACTION to MANIFEST.  Return 4 values:
the list of packages that would be removed, installed, upgraded, or downgraded
when applying TRANSACTION to MANIFEST.  Upgrades are represented as pairs
where the head is the entry being upgraded and the tail is the entry that will
replace it."
  (define (manifest-entry->pattern entry)
    (manifest-pattern
      (name   (manifest-entry-name entry))
      (output (manifest-entry-output entry))))
  (define manifest-entry-pair=?
    (match-lambda*
      (((m1a . m2a) (m1b . m2b))
       (and (manifest-entry=? m1a m1b)
            (manifest-entry=? m2a m2b)))
      (_ #f)))

  (let loop ((input     (manifest-transaction-install transaction))
             (install   '())
             (upgrade   '())
             (downgrade '()))
    (match input
      (()
       (let ((remove (manifest-transaction-remove transaction)))
         (values (delete-duplicates
                  (manifest-matching-entries manifest remove)
                  manifest-entry=?)
                 (delete-duplicates (reverse install) manifest-entry=?)
                 (delete-duplicates
                  (reverse upgrade)
                  manifest-entry-pair=?)
                 (delete-duplicates
                  (reverse downgrade)
                  manifest-entry-pair=?))))
      ((entry rest ...)
       ;; Check whether installing ENTRY corresponds to the installation of a
       ;; new package or to an upgrade.

       ;; XXX: When the exact same output directory is installed, we're not
       ;; really upgrading anything.  Add a check for that case.
       (let* ((pattern  (manifest-entry->pattern entry))
              (previous (manifest-lookup manifest pattern))
              (newer?   (and previous
                             (version>=? (manifest-entry-version entry)
                                         (manifest-entry-version previous)))))
         (loop rest
               (if previous install (cons entry install))
               (if (and previous newer?)
                   (alist-cons previous entry upgrade)
                   upgrade)
               (if (and previous (not newer?))
                   (alist-cons previous entry downgrade)
                   downgrade)))))))

(define (manifest-perform-transaction manifest transaction)
  "Perform TRANSACTION on MANIFEST and return the new manifest."
  (let ((install (manifest-transaction-install transaction))
        (remove  (manifest-transaction-remove transaction)))
    (manifest-add (manifest-remove manifest remove)
                  install)))

\f
;;;
;;; Profiles.
;;;

(define (manifest-inputs manifest)
  "Return a list of <gexp-input> objects for MANIFEST."
  (define entry->input
    (match-lambda
      (($ <manifest-entry> name version output thing deps)
       ;; THING may be a package or a file name.  In the latter case, assume
       ;; it's already valid.
       (cons (gexp-input thing output)
             (append-map entry->input deps)))))

  (append-map entry->input (manifest-entries manifest)))

(define* (manifest-lookup-package manifest name #:optional version)
  "Return as a monadic value the first package or store path referenced by
MANIFEST that is named NAME and optionally has the given VERSION prefix, or #f
if not found."
  ;; Return as a monadic value the package or store path referenced by the
  ;; manifest ENTRY, or #f if not referenced.
  (define (entry-lookup-package entry)
    (define (find-among-inputs inputs)
      (find (lambda (input)
              (and (package? input)
                   (equal? name (package-name input))
                   (if version
                       (string-prefix? version (package-version input))
                       #t)))
            inputs))
    (define (find-among-store-items items)
      (find (lambda (item)
              (let-values (((name* version*)
                            (package-name->name+version
                             (store-path-package-name item))))
                (and (string=? name name*)
                     (if version
                         (string-prefix? version version*)
                         #t))))
            items))

    (with-monad %store-monad
      (match (manifest-entry-item entry)
        ((? package? package)
         (match (cons (list (package-name package) package)
                      (package-transitive-inputs package))
           (((labels inputs . _) ...)
            (return (find-among-inputs inputs)))))
        ((? string? item)
         (mlet %store-monad ((refs (references* item)))
           (return (find-among-store-items refs))))
        (item
         ;; XXX: ITEM might be a 'computed-file' or anything like that, in
         ;; which case we don't know what to do.  The fix may be to check
         ;; references once ITEM is compiled, as proposed at
         ;; <https://bugs.gnu.org/29927>.
         (return #f)))))

  (anym %store-monad
        entry-lookup-package (manifest-entries manifest)))

(define* (info-dir-file manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that builds the 'dir' file for all the entries of
MANIFEST."
  (define texinfo                                 ;lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages texinfo)) 'texinfo))
  (define gzip                                    ;lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages compression)) 'gzip))
  (define libc-utf8-locales-for-target            ;lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages base))
                'libc-utf8-locales-for-target))

  (define build
    (with-imported-modules '((guix build utils))
      #~(begin
          (use-modules (guix build utils)
                       (srfi srfi-1) (srfi srfi-26)
                       (ice-9 ftw))

          (define (info-file? file)
            (or (string-suffix? ".info" file)
                (string-suffix? ".info.gz" file)))

          (define (info-files top)
            (let ((infodir (string-append top "/share/info")))
              (map (cut string-append infodir "/" <>)
                   (or (scandir infodir info-file?) '()))))

          (define (info-file-language file)
            (let* ((base (if (string-suffix? ".gz" file)
                             (basename file ".info.gz")
                             (basename file ".info")))
                   (dot  (string-rindex base #\.)))
              (if dot
                  (string-drop base (+ 1 dot))
                  "en")))

          (define (install-info info)
            (let ((language (info-file-language info)))
              ;; We need to choose a valid locale for $LANGUAGE to be honored.
              (setenv "LC_ALL" "en_US.utf8")
              (setenv "LANGUAGE" language)
              (zero?
               (system* #+(file-append texinfo "/bin/install-info")
                        info
                        (apply string-append #$output "/share/info/dir"
                               (if (string=? "en" language)
                                   '("")
                                   `("." ,language)))))))

          (setenv "PATH" (string-append #+gzip "/bin")) ;for info.gz files
          (setenv "GUIX_LOCPATH"
                  #+(file-append (libc-utf8-locales-for-target system)
                                 "/lib/locale"))

          (mkdir-p (string-append #$output "/share/info"))
          (exit (every install-info
                       (append-map info-files
                                   '#$(manifest-inputs manifest)))))))

  (gexp->derivation "info-dir" build
                    #:system system
                    #:local-build? #t
                    #:substitutable? #f
                    #:properties
                    `((type . profile-hook)
                      (hook . info-dir))))

(define* (ghc-package-cache-file manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that builds the GHC 'package.cache' file for all the
entries of MANIFEST, or #f if MANIFEST does not have any GHC packages."
  (define ghc                                     ;lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages haskell)) 'ghc))

  (define build
    (with-imported-modules '((guix build utils))
      #~(begin
          (use-modules (guix build utils)
                       (srfi srfi-1) (srfi srfi-26)
                       (ice-9 ftw))

          (define ghc-name-version
            (let* ((base (basename #+ghc)))
              (string-drop base
                           (+ 1 (string-index base #\-)))))

          (define db-subdir
            (string-append "lib/" ghc-name-version "/package.conf.d"))

          (define db-dir
            (string-append #$output "/" db-subdir))

          (define (conf-files top)
            (let ((db (string-append top "/" db-subdir)))
              (if (file-exists? db)
                  (find-files db "\\.conf$")
                  '())))

          (define (copy-conf-file conf)
            (let ((base (basename conf)))
              (copy-file conf (string-append db-dir "/" base))))

          (system* (string-append #+ghc "/bin/ghc-pkg") "init" db-dir)
          (for-each copy-conf-file
                    (append-map conf-files
                                (delete-duplicates
                                 '#$(manifest-inputs manifest))))
          (let ((success
                 (zero?
                  (system* (string-append #+ghc "/bin/ghc-pkg") "recache"
                           (string-append "--package-db=" db-dir)))))
            (for-each delete-file (find-files db-dir "\\.conf$"))
            (exit success)))))

  (with-monad %store-monad
    ;; Don't depend on GHC when there's nothing to do.
    (if (any (cut string-prefix? "ghc" <>)
             (map manifest-entry-name (manifest-entries manifest)))
        (gexp->derivation "ghc-package-cache" build
                          #:system system
                          #:local-build? #t
                          #:substitutable? #f
                          #:properties
                          `((type . profile-hook)
                            (hook . ghc-package-cache)))
        (return #f))))

(define* (ca-certificate-bundle manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that builds a single-file bundle containing the CA
certificates in the /etc/ssl/certs sub-directories of the packages in
MANIFEST.  Single-file bundles are required by programs such as Git and Lynx."
  ;; See <http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2015-02/msg00429.html>
  ;; for a discussion.

  (define libc-utf8-locales-for-target  ;lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages base))
                'libc-utf8-locales-for-target))

  (define build
    (with-imported-modules '((guix build utils))
      #~(begin
          (use-modules (guix build utils)
                       (rnrs io ports)
                       (srfi srfi-1)
                       (srfi srfi-26)
                       (ice-9 ftw)
                       (ice-9 match))

          (define (pem-file? file)
            (string-suffix? ".pem" file))

          (define (ca-files top)
            (let ((cert-dir (string-append top "/etc/ssl/certs")))
              (map (cut string-append cert-dir "/" <>)
                   (or (scandir cert-dir pem-file?) '()))))

          (define (concatenate-files files result)
            "Make RESULT the concatenation of all of FILES."
            (define (dump file port)
              (display (call-with-input-file file get-string-all)
                       port)
              (newline port))  ;required, see <https://bugs.debian.org/635570>

            (call-with-output-file result
              (lambda (port)
                (for-each (cut dump <> port) files))))

          ;; Some file names in the NSS certificates are UTF-8 encoded so
          ;; install a UTF-8 locale.
          (setenv "LOCPATH"
                  (string-append #+(libc-utf8-locales-for-target system)
                                 "/lib/locale/"
                                 #+(version-major+minor
                                    (package-version
                                     (libc-utf8-locales-for-target system)))))
          (setlocale LC_ALL "en_US.utf8")

          (match (append-map ca-files '#$(manifest-inputs manifest))
            (()
             ;; Since there are no CA files, just create an empty directory.  Do
             ;; not create the etc/ssl/certs sub-directory, since that would
             ;; wrongfully lead to a message about 'SSL_CERT_DIR' needing to be
             ;; defined.
             (mkdir #$output)
             #t)
            ((ca-files ...)
             (let ((result (string-append #$output "/etc/ssl/certs")))
               (mkdir-p result)
               (concatenate-files ca-files
                                  (string-append result
                                                 "/ca-certificates.crt"))
               #t))))))

  (gexp->derivation "ca-certificate-bundle" build
                    #:system system
                    #:local-build? #t
                    #:substitutable? #f
                    #:properties
                    `((type . profile-hook)
                      (hook . ca-certificate-bundle))))

(define* (emacs-subdirs manifest #:optional system)
  (define build
    (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure
                            '((guix build profiles)
                              (guix build utils)))
      #~(begin
          (use-modules (guix build utils)
                       (guix build profiles)
                       (ice-9 ftw) ; scandir
                       (srfi srfi-1) ; append-map
                       (srfi srfi-26))

          (let ((destdir (string-append #$output "/share/emacs/site-lisp"))
                (subdirs
                 (append-map
                  (lambda (dir)
                    (filter
                     file-is-directory?
                     (map (cute string-append dir "/" <>)
                          (scandir dir (negate (cute member <> '("." "..")))))))
                  (filter file-exists?
                          (map (cute string-append <> "/share/emacs/site-lisp")
                               '#$(manifest-inputs manifest))))))
            (mkdir-p destdir)
            (with-directory-excursion destdir
              (call-with-output-file "subdirs.el"
                (lambda (port)
                  (write
                   `(normal-top-level-add-to-load-path
                     (list ,@(delete-duplicates subdirs)))
                   port)
                  (newline port)
                  #t)))))))
  (gexp->derivation "emacs-subdirs" build
                    #:system system
                    #:local-build? #t
                    #:substitutable? #f
                    #:properties
                    `((type . profile-hook)
                      (hook . emacs-subdirs))))

(define* (gdk-pixbuf-loaders-cache-file manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that produces a loaders cache file for every gdk-pixbuf
loaders discovered in MANIFEST."
  (define gdk-pixbuf                    ;lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages gtk)) 'gdk-pixbuf))

  (mlet* %store-monad
      ((gdk-pixbuf (manifest-lookup-package manifest "gdk-pixbuf"))
       (librsvg (manifest-lookup-package manifest "librsvg"))
       (gdk-pixbuf-bin -> (if (string? gdk-pixbuf)
                              (string-append gdk-pixbuf "/bin")
                              (file-append gdk-pixbuf "/bin"))))

    (define build
      (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure
                              '((guix build glib-or-gtk-build-system)))
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix build glib-or-gtk-build-system))
            (setenv "PATH" (string-append #$gdk-pixbuf-bin ":" (getenv "PATH")))

            (generate-gdk-pixbuf-loaders-cache
             ;; XXX: MANIFEST-LOOKUP-PACKAGE transitively searches through
             ;; every input referenced by the manifest, while MANIFEST-INPUTS
             ;; only retrieves the immediate inputs as well as their
             ;; propagated inputs; to avoid causing an empty output derivation
             ;; we must ensure that the inputs contain at least one
             ;; loaders.cache file.  This is why we include gdk-pixbuf or
             ;; librsvg when they are transitively found.
             (list #$@(if gdk-pixbuf
                          (list gdk-pixbuf)
                          '())
                   #$@(if librsvg
                          (list librsvg)
                          '())
                   #$@(manifest-inputs manifest))
             (list #$output)))))

    (if gdk-pixbuf
        (gexp->derivation "gdk-pixbuf-loaders-cache-file" build
                          #:system system
                          #:local-build? #t
                          #:substitutable? #f
                          #:properties
                          '((type . profile-hook)
                            (hook . gdk-pixbuf-loaders-cache-file)))
        (return #f))))

(define* (glib-schemas manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that unions all schemas from manifest entries and
creates the Glib 'gschemas.compiled' file."
  (define glib  ; lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages glib)) 'glib))

  (mlet %store-monad ((%glib (manifest-lookup-package manifest "glib"))
                      ;; XXX: Can't use glib-compile-schemas corresponding
                      ;; to the glib referenced by 'manifest'.  Because
                      ;; '%glib' can be either a package or store path, and
                      ;; there's no way to get the "bin" output for the later.
                      (glib-compile-schemas
                       -> #~(string-append #+glib:bin
                                           "/bin/glib-compile-schemas")))

    (define build
      (with-imported-modules '((guix build utils)
                               (guix build union)
                               (guix build profiles)
                               (guix search-paths)
                               (guix records))
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix build utils)
                         (guix build union)
                         (guix build profiles)
                         (srfi srfi-26))

            (let* ((destdir  (string-append #$output "/share/glib-2.0/schemas"))
                   (schemadirs (filter file-exists?
                                     (map (cut string-append <> "/share/glib-2.0/schemas")
                                          '#$(manifest-inputs manifest)))))

              ;; Union all the schemas.
              (mkdir-p (string-append #$output "/share/glib-2.0"))
              (union-build destdir schemadirs
                           #:log-port (%make-void-port "w"))

              (let ((dir destdir))
                 (when (file-is-directory? dir)
                   (ensure-writable-directory dir)
                   (invoke #+glib-compile-schemas
                           (string-append "--targetdir=" dir)
                           dir)))))))

    ;; Don't run the hook when there's nothing to do.
    (if %glib
        (gexp->derivation "glib-schemas" build
                          #:system system
                          #:local-build? #t
                          #:substitutable? #f
                          #:properties
                          `((type . profile-hook)
                            (hook . glib-schemas)))
        (return #f))))

(define* (gtk-icon-themes manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that unions all icon themes from manifest entries and
creates the GTK+ 'icon-theme.cache' file for each theme."
  (define gtk+  ; lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages gtk)) 'gtk+))

  (mlet %store-monad ((%gtk+ (manifest-lookup-package manifest "gtk+"))
                      ;; XXX: Can't use gtk-update-icon-cache corresponding
                      ;; to the gtk+ referenced by 'manifest'.  Because
                      ;; '%gtk+' can be either a package or store path, and
                      ;; there's no way to get the "bin" output for the later.
                      (gtk-update-icon-cache
                       -> #~(string-append #+gtk+:bin
                                           "/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache")))

    (define build
      (with-imported-modules '((guix build utils)
                               (guix build union)
                               (guix build profiles)
                               (guix search-paths)
                               (guix records))
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix build utils)
                         (guix build union)
                         (guix build profiles)
                         (srfi srfi-26)
                         (ice-9 ftw))

            (let* ((destdir  (string-append #$output "/share/icons"))
                   (icondirs (filter file-exists?
                                     (map (cut string-append <> "/share/icons")
                                          '#$(manifest-inputs manifest)))))

              ;; Union all the icons.
              (mkdir-p (string-append #$output "/share"))
              (union-build destdir icondirs
                           #:log-port (%make-void-port "w"))

              ;; Update the 'icon-theme.cache' file for each icon theme.
              (for-each
               (lambda (theme)
                 (let ((dir (string-append destdir "/" theme)))
                   ;; Occasionally DESTDIR contains plain files, such as
                   ;; "abiword_48.png".  Ignore these.
                   (when (file-is-directory? dir)
                     (ensure-writable-directory dir)
                     (system* #+gtk-update-icon-cache "-t" dir "--quiet"))))
               (scandir destdir (negate (cut member <> '("." "..")))))))))

    ;; Don't run the hook when there's nothing to do.
    (if %gtk+
        (gexp->derivation "gtk-icon-themes" build
                          #:system system
                          #:local-build? #t
                          #:substitutable? #f
                          #:properties
                          `((type . profile-hook)
                            (hook . gtk-icon-themes)))
        (return #f))))

(define* (gtk-im-modules manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that builds the cache files for input method modules
for both major versions of GTK+."

  (mlet %store-monad ((gtk+   (manifest-lookup-package manifest "gtk+" "3"))
                      (gtk+-2 (manifest-lookup-package manifest "gtk+" "2")))

    (define (build gtk gtk-version query)
      (let ((major (string-take gtk-version 1)))
        (with-imported-modules '((guix build utils)
                                 (guix build union)
                                 (guix build profiles)
                                 (guix search-paths)
                                 (guix records))
          #~(begin
              (use-modules (guix build utils)
                           (guix build union)
                           (guix build profiles)
                           (ice-9 popen)
                           (srfi srfi-1)
                           (srfi srfi-26))

              (let* ((prefix  (string-append "/lib/gtk-" #$major ".0/"
                                             #$gtk-version))
                     (destdir (string-append #$output prefix))
                     (moddirs (cons (string-append #$gtk prefix "/immodules")
                                    (filter file-exists?
                                            (map (cut string-append <> prefix "/immodules")
                                                 '#$(manifest-inputs manifest)))))
                     (modules (append-map (cut find-files <> "\\.so$")
                                          moddirs)))

                ;; Generate a new immodules cache file.
                (mkdir-p (string-append #$output prefix))
                (let ((pipe    (apply open-pipe* OPEN_READ #$query modules))
                      (outfile (string-append #$output prefix
                                              "/immodules-gtk" #$major ".cache")))
                  (dynamic-wind
                    (const #t)
                    (lambda ()
                      (call-with-output-file outfile
                        (lambda (out)
                          (while (not (eof-object? (peek-char pipe)))
                            (write-char (read-char pipe) out))))
                      #t)
                    (lambda ()
                      (close-pipe pipe)))))))))

    ;; Don't run the hook when there's nothing to do.
    (let* ((pkg-gtk+ (module-ref        ; lazy reference
                      (resolve-interface '(gnu packages gtk)) 'gtk+))
           (pkg-gtk+2 (module-ref        ; lazy reference
                       (resolve-interface '(gnu packages gtk)) 'gtk+-2))
           (gexp #~(begin
                     #$(if gtk+
                           (build
                            gtk+ "3.0.0"
                            ;; Use 'gtk-query-immodules-3.0' from the 'bin'
                            ;; output of latest gtk+ package.
                            #~(string-append
                               #$pkg-gtk+:bin "/bin/gtk-query-immodules-3.0"))
                           #t)
                     #$(if gtk+-2
                           (build
                            gtk+-2 "2.10.0"
                            #~(string-append
                               #$pkg-gtk+2:bin "/bin/gtk-query-immodules-2.0"))
                           #t))))
      (if (or gtk+ gtk+-2)
          (gexp->derivation "gtk-im-modules" gexp
                            #:system system
                            #:local-build? #t
                            #:substitutable? #f
                            #:properties
                            `((type . profile-hook)
                              (hook . gtk-im-modules)))
          (return #f)))))

(define* (linux-module-database manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that unites all the kernel modules of the manifest
and creates the dependency graph of all these kernel modules.

This is meant to be used as a profile hook."
  (define kmod                                    ; lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages linux)) 'kmod))

  (define guile-zlib
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages guile)) 'guile-zlib))

  (define build
    (with-imported-modules (source-module-closure
                            '((guix build utils)
                              (gnu build linux-modules)))
      (with-extensions (list guile-zlib)
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (ice-9 ftw)
                         (ice-9 match)
                         (srfi srfi-1)              ; append-map
                         (gnu build linux-modules))

            (let* ((inputs '#$(manifest-inputs manifest))
                   (module-directories
                    (map (lambda (directory)
                           (string-append directory "/lib/modules"))
                         inputs))
                   (directory-entries
                    (lambda (directory)
                      (or (scandir directory
                                   (lambda (basename)
                                     (not (string-prefix? "." basename))))
                          '())))
                   ;; Note: Should usually result in one entry.
                   (versions (delete-duplicates
                              (append-map directory-entries
                                          module-directories))))
              (match versions
                ((version)
                 (let ((old-path (getenv "PATH")))
                   (setenv "PATH" #+(file-append kmod "/bin"))
                   (make-linux-module-directory inputs version #$output)
                   (setenv "PATH" old-path)))
                (()
                 ;; Nothing here, maybe because this is a kernel with
                 ;; CONFIG_MODULES=n.
                 (mkdir #$output))
                (_ (error "Specified Linux kernel and Linux kernel modules
are not all of the same version"))))))))
  (gexp->derivation "linux-module-database" build
                    #:system system
                    #:local-build? #t
                    #:substitutable? #f
                    #:properties
                    `((type . profile-hook)
                      (hook . linux-module-database))))

(define* (xdg-desktop-database manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that builds the @file{mimeinfo.cache} database from
desktop files.  It's used to query what applications can handle a given
MIME type."
  (define desktop-file-utils            ; lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages freedesktop))
                'desktop-file-utils))

  (mlet %store-monad ((glib
                       (manifest-lookup-package
                        manifest "glib")))
    (define build
      (with-imported-modules '((guix build utils)
                               (guix build union))
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (srfi srfi-26)
                         (guix build utils)
                         (guix build union))
            (let* ((destdir (string-append #$output "/share/applications"))
                   (appdirs (filter file-exists?
                                    (map (cut string-append <>
                                              "/share/applications")
                                         '#$(manifest-inputs manifest))))
                   (update-desktop-database (string-append
                                             #+desktop-file-utils
                                             "/bin/update-desktop-database")))
              (mkdir-p (string-append #$output "/share"))
              (union-build destdir appdirs
                           #:log-port (%make-void-port "w"))
              (exit (zero? (system* update-desktop-database destdir)))))))

    ;; Don't run the hook when 'glib' is not referenced.
    (if glib
        (gexp->derivation "xdg-desktop-database" build
                          #:system system
                          #:local-build? #t
                          #:substitutable? #f
                          #:properties
                          `((type . profile-hook)
                            (hook . xdg-desktop-database)))
        (return #f))))

(define* (xdg-mime-database manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that builds the @file{mime.cache} database from manifest
entries.  It's used to query the MIME type of a given file."
  (define shared-mime-info  ; lazy reference
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages gnome)) 'shared-mime-info))

  (mlet %store-monad ((glib (manifest-lookup-package manifest "glib")))
    (define build
      (with-imported-modules  '((guix build utils)
                                (guix build union))
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix build utils)
                         (guix build union)
                         (srfi srfi-26)
                         (ice-9 match))

            (let* ((datadir (string-append #$output "/share"))
                   (destdir (string-append datadir "/mime"))
                   (pkgdirs (filter file-exists?
                                    (map (cut string-append <>
                                              "/share/mime/packages")
                                         (cons #+shared-mime-info
                                               '#$(manifest-inputs manifest))))))

              (match pkgdirs
                ((shared-mime-info)
                 ;; PKGDIRS contains nothing but 'shared-mime-info', which
                 ;; already contains its database, so nothing to do.
                 (mkdir-p datadir)
                 (symlink #$(file-append shared-mime-info "/share/mime")
                          destdir))
                (_
                 ;; PKGDIRS contains additional packages providing
                 ;; 'share/mime/packages' (very few packages do so) so rebuild
                 ;; the database.  TODO: Find a way to avoid reprocessing
                 ;; 'shared-mime-info', which is the most expensive one.
                 (mkdir-p destdir)
                 (union-build (string-append destdir "/packages") pkgdirs
                              #:log-port (%make-void-port "w"))
                 (setenv "XDG_DATA_HOME" datadir)
                 (invoke #+(file-append shared-mime-info
                                        "/bin/update-mime-database")
                         destdir)))))))

    ;; Don't run the hook when there are no GLib based applications.
    (if glib
        (gexp->derivation "xdg-mime-database" build
                          #:system system
                          #:local-build? #t
                          #:substitutable? #f
                          #:properties
                          `((type . profile-hook)
                            (hook . xdg-mime-database)))
        (return #f))))

;; Several font packages may install font files into same directory, so
;; fonts.dir and fonts.scale file should be generated here, instead of in
;; packages.
(define* (fonts-dir-file manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that builds the @file{fonts.dir} and @file{fonts.scale}
files for the fonts of the @var{manifest} entries."
  (define mkfontscale
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages xorg)) 'mkfontscale))

  (define mkfontdir
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages xorg)) 'mkfontdir))

  (define build
    #~(begin
        (use-modules (srfi srfi-26)
                     (guix build utils)
                     (guix build union))
        (let ((fonts-dirs (filter file-exists?
                                  (map (cut string-append <>
                                            "/share/fonts")
                                       '#$(manifest-inputs manifest)))))
          (mkdir #$output)
          (if (null? fonts-dirs)
              (exit #t)
              (let* ((share-dir   (string-append #$output "/share"))
                     (fonts-dir   (string-append share-dir "/fonts"))
                     (mkfontscale (string-append #+mkfontscale
                                                 "/bin/mkfontscale"))
                     (mkfontdir   (string-append #+mkfontdir
                                                 "/bin/mkfontdir"))
                     (empty-file? (lambda (filename)
                                    (call-with-ascii-input-file filename
                                      (lambda (p)
                                        (eqv? #\0 (read-char p))))))
                     (fonts-dir-file "fonts.dir")
                     (fonts-scale-file "fonts.scale"))
                (mkdir-p share-dir)
                ;; Create all sub-directories, because we may create fonts.dir
                ;; and fonts.scale files in the sub-directories.
                (union-build fonts-dir fonts-dirs
                             #:log-port (%make-void-port "w")
                             #:create-all-directories? #t)
                (let ((directories (find-files fonts-dir
                                               (lambda (file stat)
                                                 (eq? 'directory (stat:type stat)))
                                               #:directories? #t)))
                  (for-each (lambda (dir)
                              (with-directory-excursion dir
                                (when (file-exists? fonts-scale-file)
                                  (delete-file fonts-scale-file))
                                (when (file-exists? fonts-dir-file)
                                  (delete-file fonts-dir-file))
                                (unless (and (zero? (system* mkfontscale))
                                             (zero? (system* mkfontdir)))
                                  (exit #f))
                                (when (and (file-exists? fonts-scale-file)
                                           (empty-file? fonts-scale-file))
                                  (delete-file fonts-scale-file))
                                (when (and (file-exists? fonts-dir-file)
                                           (empty-file? fonts-dir-file))
                                  (delete-file fonts-dir-file))))
                            directories)))))))

  (gexp->derivation "fonts-dir" build
                    #:system system
                    #:modules '((guix build utils)
                                (guix build union)
                                (srfi srfi-26))
                    #:local-build? #t
                    #:substitutable? #f
                    #:properties
                    `((type . profile-hook)
                      (hook . fonts-dir))))

(define* (manual-database manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that builds the manual page database (\"mandb\") for
the entries in MANIFEST."
  (define gdbm-ffi
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages guile))
                'guile-gdbm-ffi))

  (define guile-zlib
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages guile)) 'guile-zlib))

  (define modules
    (delete '(guix config)
            (source-module-closure `((guix build utils)
                                     (guix man-db)))))

  (define build
    (with-imported-modules modules
      (with-extensions (list gdbm-ffi           ;for (guix man-db)
                             guile-zlib)
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix man-db)
                         (guix build utils)
                         (ice-9 threads)
                         (srfi srfi-1)
                         (srfi srfi-19))

            (define (print-string msg)
              (display msg)
              (force-output))

            (define-syntax-rule (print fmt args ...)
              ;; Build up the string and display it at once.
              (print-string (format #f fmt args ...)))

            (define (compute-entry directory count total)
              (print "\r[~3d/~3d] building list of man-db entries..."
                     count total)
              (let ((man (string-append directory "/share/man")))
                (if (directory-exists? man)
                    (mandb-entries man)
                    '())))

            (define (compute-entries)
              ;; This is the most expensive part (I/O and CPU, due to
              ;; decompression), so report progress as we traverse INPUTS.
              ;; Cap at 4 threads because we don't see any speedup beyond that
              ;; on an SSD laptop.
              (let* ((inputs  '#$(manifest-inputs manifest))
                     (total   (length inputs))
                     (threads (min (parallel-job-count) 4)))
                (concatenate
                 (n-par-map threads compute-entry inputs
                            (iota total 1)
                            (make-list total total)))))

            (define man-directory
              (string-append #$output "/share/man"))

            (mkdir-p man-directory)

            (format #t "Creating manual page database...~%")
            (force-output)
            (let* ((start    (current-time))
                   (entries  (compute-entries))
                   (_        (write-mandb-database (string-append man-directory
                                                                  "/index.db")
                                                   entries))
                   (duration (time-difference (current-time) start)))
              (newline)
              (format #t "~a entries processed in ~,1f s~%"
                      (length entries)
                      (+ (time-second duration)
                         (* (time-nanosecond duration) (expt 10 -9))))
              (force-output))))))

  (gexp->derivation "manual-database" build
                    #:system system
                    #:substitutable? #f
                    #:local-build? #t
                    #:properties
                    `((type . profile-hook)
                      (hook . manual-database))))

(define* (manual-database/optional manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation to build the manual database of MANIFEST, but only if
MANIFEST contains the \"man-db\" package.  Otherwise, return #f."
  ;; Building the man database (for "man -k") is expensive and rarely used.
  ;; Build it only if the profile also contains "man-db".
  (mlet %store-monad ((man-db (manifest-lookup-package manifest "man-db")))
    (if man-db
        (manual-database manifest system)
        (return #f))))

(define* (texlive-font-maps manifest #:optional system)
  "Return a derivation that builds the TeX Live font maps for the entries in
MANIFEST."
  (define entry->texlive-input
    (match-lambda
      (($ <manifest-entry> name version output thing deps)
       (if (string-prefix? "texlive-" name)
           (cons (gexp-input thing output)
                 (append-map entry->texlive-input deps))
           (append-map entry->texlive-input deps)))))
  (define texlive-scripts-entry?
    (match-lambda
      (($ <manifest-entry> name version output thing deps)
       (or (string=? "texlive-scripts" name)
           (any texlive-scripts-entry? deps)))))
  (define texlive-inputs
    (append-map entry->texlive-input (manifest-entries manifest)))
  (define texlive-scripts
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages tex)) 'texlive-scripts))
  (define texlive-libkpathsea
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages tex)) 'texlive-libkpathsea))
  (define coreutils
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages base)) 'coreutils))
  (define grep
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages base)) 'grep))
  (define sed
    (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages base)) 'sed))
  (define build
    (with-imported-modules '((guix build utils)
                             (guix build union))
      #~(begin
          (use-modules (guix build utils)
                       (guix build union)
                       (ice-9 popen))

          ;; Build a modifiable union of all texlive inputs.  We do this so
          ;; that TeX live can resolve the parent and grandparent directories
          ;; correctly.  There might be a more elegant way to accomplish this.
          (union-build "/tmp/texlive"
                       '#$texlive-inputs
                       #:create-all-directories? #t
                       #:log-port (%make-void-port "w"))

          ;; Clear files that are going to be regenerated, or copied from
          ;; a different place, in order to prevent failures during profile
          ;; generation.
          (with-directory-excursion "/tmp/texlive/share/texmf-dist"
            (for-each (lambda (file)
                        (when (file-exists? file) (delete-file file)))
                      (list "fonts/map/dvipdfmx/updmap/kanjix.map"
                            "fonts/map/dvips/updmap/builtin35.map"
                            "fonts/map/dvips/updmap/download35.map"
                            "fonts/map/dvips/updmap/ps2pk.map"
                            "fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map"
                            "fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts_pk.map"
                            "fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts_t1.map"
                            "fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map"
                            "fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex_dl14.map"
                            "fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex_ndl14.map"
                            "web2c/updmap.cfg")))

          ;; XXX: This is annoying, but it's necessary because
          ;; texlive-libkpathsea does not provide wrapped executables.
          (setenv "PATH"
                  (string-append #$(file-append coreutils "/bin")
                                 ":"
                                 #$(file-append grep "/bin")
                                 ":"
                                 #$(file-append sed "/bin")
                                 ":"
                                 #$(file-append texlive-libkpathsea "/bin")))
          (setenv "PERL5LIB" #$(file-append texlive-scripts "/share/tlpkg"))
          (setenv "GUIX_TEXMF" "/tmp/texlive/share/texmf-dist")

          ;; Remove invalid maps from config file.
          (let* ((web2c (string-append #$output "/share/texmf-dist/web2c/"))
                 (maproot (string-append #$output "/share/texmf-dist/fonts/map/"))
                 (updmap.cfg (string-append web2c "updmap.cfg")))
            (install-file #$(file-append texlive-scripts
                                         "/share/texmf-dist/web2c/updmap.cfg")
                          web2c)
            (make-file-writable updmap.cfg)
            (let* ((port (open-pipe* OPEN_WRITE
                                     #$(file-append texlive-scripts "/bin/updmap-sys")
                                     "--syncwithtrees"
                                     "--nohash"
                                     "--force"
                                     (string-append "--cnffile=" updmap.cfg))))
              (display "Y\n" port)
              (when (not (zero? (status:exit-val (close-pipe port))))
                (error "failed to filter updmap.cfg")))

            ;; Generate font maps.
            (invoke #$(file-append texlive-scripts "/bin/updmap-sys")
                    (string-append "--cnffile=" updmap.cfg)
                    (string-append "--dvipdfmxoutputdir="
                                   maproot "dvipdfmx/updmap")
                    (string-append "--dvipsoutputdir="
                                   maproot "dvips/updmap")
                    (string-append "--pdftexoutputdir="
                                   maproot "pdftex/updmap"))

            ;; Create ls-R file.  I know, that's not *just* for font maps, but
            ;; we've generated new files, so there's no point in running it
            ;; any earlier.  The ls-R file must act on a full TeX Live tree,
            ;; but we have two: the one in /tmp containing all packages and
            ;; the one in #$output containing the generated font maps.  To
            ;; avoid having to merge ls-R files, we copy the generated stuff
            ;; to /tmp and run mktexlsr only once.
            (let ((a (string-append #$output "/share/texmf-dist"))
                  (b "/tmp/texlive/share/texmf-dist")
                  (mktexlsr #$(file-append texlive-scripts "/bin/mktexlsr")))
              (copy-recursively a b)
              (invoke mktexlsr b)
              (install-file (string-append b "/ls-R") a))))))
  (with-monad %store-monad
    ;; `texlive-scripts' brings essential files to generate font maps.
    ;; Therefore, it must be present in the profile.  This check prevents
    ;; incomplete modular TeX Live installations to generate errors.
    (if (any texlive-scripts-entry? (manifest-entries manifest))
        (gexp->derivation "texlive-font-maps" build
                          #:system system
                          #:substitutable? #f
                          #:local-build? #t
                          #:properties
                          `((type . profile-hook)
                            (hook . texlive-font-maps)))
        (return #f))))

(define %default-profile-hooks
  ;; This is the list of derivation-returning procedures that are called by
  ;; default when making a non-empty profile.
  (list info-dir-file
        manual-database/optional
        fonts-dir-file
        ghc-package-cache-file
        ca-certificate-bundle
        emacs-subdirs
        gdk-pixbuf-loaders-cache-file
        glib-schemas
        gtk-icon-themes
        gtk-im-modules
        texlive-font-maps
        xdg-desktop-database
        xdg-mime-database))

(define* (profile-derivation manifest
                             #:key
                             (name "profile")
                             (hooks %default-profile-hooks)
                             (locales? #t)
                             (allow-unsupported-packages? #f)
                             (allow-collisions? #f)
                             (relative-symlinks? #f)
                             (format-version %manifest-format-version)
                             system target)
  "Return a derivation that builds a profile (aka. 'user environment') with
the given MANIFEST.  The profile includes additional derivations returned by
the monadic procedures listed in HOOKS--such as an Info 'dir' file, etc.
Unless ALLOW-COLLISIONS? is true, a '&profile-collision-error' is raised if
entries in MANIFEST collide (for instance if there are two same-name packages
with a different version number.)  Unless ALLOW-UNSUPPORTED-PACKAGES? is true
or TARGET is set, raise an error if MANIFEST contains a package that does not
support SYSTEM.

When LOCALES? is true, the build is performed under a UTF-8 locale; this adds
a dependency on the 'glibc-utf8-locales' package.

When RELATIVE-SYMLINKS? is true, use relative file names for symlink targets.
This is one of the things to do for the result to be relocatable.

When TARGET is true, it must be a GNU triplet, and the packages in MANIFEST
are cross-built for TARGET."
  (define (check-supported-packages system)
    ;; Raise an error if a package in MANIFEST does not support SYSTEM.
    (map-manifest-entries
     (lambda (entry)

       (match (manifest-entry-item entry)
         ((? package? package)
          (unless (supported-package? package system)
            (raise (formatted-message (G_ "package ~a does not support ~a")
                                      (package-full-name package) system))))
         (_ #t)))
     manifest))

  (mlet* %store-monad ((system (if system
                                   (return system)
                                   (current-system)))
                       (target (if target
                                   (return target)
                                   (current-target-system)))
                       (ok? -> (or allow-unsupported-packages? target
                                   (check-supported-packages system)))
                       (ok?    (if allow-collisions?
                                   (return #t)
                                   (check-for-collisions manifest system
                                                         #:target target)))
                       (extras (if (null? (manifest-entries manifest))
                                   (return '())
                                   (mapm/accumulate-builds (lambda (hook)
                                                             (hook manifest
                                                                   system))
                                                           hooks))))
    (define extra-inputs
      (filter-map (lambda (drv)
                    (and (derivation? drv) (gexp-input drv)))
                  extras))

    (define libc-utf8-locales-for-target ;lazy reference
      (module-ref (resolve-interface '(gnu packages base))
                  'libc-utf8-locales-for-target))

    (define set-utf8-locale
      ;; Some file names (e.g., in 'nss-certs') are UTF-8 encoded so
      ;; install a UTF-8 locale.
      (let ((locales (libc-utf8-locales-for-target
                      (or system (%current-system)))))
        #~(begin
            (setenv "LOCPATH"
                    #$(file-append locales "/lib/locale/"
                                   (version-major+minor
                                    (package-version locales))))
            (setlocale LC_ALL "en_US.utf8"))))

    (define builder
      (with-imported-modules '((guix build profiles)
                               (guix build union)
                               (guix build utils)
                               (guix search-paths)
                               (guix records))
        #~(begin
            (use-modules (guix build profiles)
                         (guix search-paths)
                         (srfi srfi-1))

            (let ((line (cond-expand (guile-2.2 'line)
                                     (else _IOLBF)))) ;Guile 2.0
              (setvbuf (current-output-port) line)
              (setvbuf (current-error-port) line))

            #+(if locales? set-utf8-locale #t)

            (build-profile #$output '#$(manifest->gexp manifest format-version)
                           #:extra-inputs '#$extra-inputs
                           #:symlink #$(if relative-symlinks?
                                           #~symlink-relative
                                           #~symlink)))))

    (gexp->derivation name builder
                      #:system system
                      #:target target

                      ;; Don't complain about _IO* on Guile 2.2.
                      #:env-vars '(("GUILE_WARN_DEPRECATED" . "no"))

                      ;; Not worth offloading.
                      #:local-build? #t

                      ;; Disable substitution because it would trigger a
                      ;; connection to the substitute server, which is likely
                      ;; to have no substitute to offer.
                      #:substitutable? #f

                      #:properties `((type . profile)
                                     (profile
                                      (count
                                       . ,(length
                                           (manifest-entries manifest))))))))

;; Declarative profile.
(define-record-type* <profile> profile make-profile
  profile?
  (name               profile-name (default "profile")) ;string
  (content            profile-content)                  ;<manifest>
  (hooks              profile-hooks                     ;list of procedures
                      (default %default-profile-hooks))
  (locales?           profile-locales?            ;Boolean
                      (default #t))
  (allow-collisions?  profile-allow-collisions?   ;Boolean
                      (default #f))
  (relative-symlinks? profile-relative-symlinks?  ;Boolean
                      (default #f))
  (format-version     profile-format-version      ;integer
                      (default %manifest-format-version)))

(define-gexp-compiler (profile-compiler (profile <profile>) system target)
  "Compile PROFILE to a derivation."
  (match profile
    (($ <profile> name manifest hooks
                  locales? allow-collisions? relative-symlinks?
                  format-version)
     (profile-derivation manifest
                         #:name name
                         #:hooks hooks
                         #:locales? locales?
                         #:allow-collisions? allow-collisions?
                         #:relative-symlinks? relative-symlinks?
                         #:format-version format-version
                         #:system system #:target target))))

(define* (profile-search-paths profile
                               #:optional (manifest (profile-manifest profile))
                               #:key (getenv (const #f)))
  "Read the manifest of PROFILE and evaluate the values of search path
environment variables required by PROFILE; return a list of
specification/value pairs.  If MANIFEST is not #f, it is assumed to be the
manifest of PROFILE, which avoids rereading it.

Use GETENV to determine the current settings and report only settings not
already effective."
  (evaluate-search-paths (manifest-search-paths manifest)
                         (list profile) getenv))

(define %precious-variables
  ;; Environment variables in the default 'load-profile' white list.
  '("HOME" "USER" "LOGNAME" "DISPLAY" "XAUTHORITY" "TERM" "TZ" "PAGER"))

(define (purify-environment white-list white-list-regexps)
  "Unset all environment variables except those that match the regexps in
WHITE-LIST-REGEXPS and those listed in WHITE-LIST."
  (for-each unsetenv
            (remove (lambda (variable)
                      (or (member variable white-list)
                          (find (cut regexp-exec <> variable)
                                white-list-regexps)))
                    (match (get-environment-variables)
                      (((names . _) ...)
                       names)))))

(define* (load-profile profile
                       #:optional (manifest (profile-manifest profile))
                       #:key pure? (white-list-regexps '())
                       (white-list %precious-variables))
  "Set the environment variables specified by MANIFEST for PROFILE.  When
PURE? is #t, unset the variables in the current environment except those that
match the regexps in WHITE-LIST-REGEXPS and those listed in WHITE-LIST.
Otherwise, augment existing environment variables with additional search
paths."
  (when pure?
    (purify-environment white-list white-list-regexps))
  (for-each (match-lambda
              ((($ <search-path-specification> variable _ separator) . value)
               (let ((current (getenv variable)))
                 (setenv variable
                         (if (and current (not pure?))
                             (if separator
                                 (string-append value separator current)
                                 value)
                             value)))))
            (profile-search-paths profile manifest)))

(define (profile-regexp profile)
  "Return a regular expression that matches PROFILE's name and number."
  (make-regexp (string-append "^" (regexp-quote (basename profile))
                              "-([0-9]+)")))

(define* (generation-number profile
                            #:optional (base-profile profile))
  "Return PROFILE's number or 0.  An absolute file name must be used.

Optionally, if BASE-PROFILE is provided, use it instead of PROFILE to
construct the regexp matching generations.  This is useful in special cases
like: (generation-number \"/run/current-system\" %system-profile)."
  (or (and=> (false-if-exception (regexp-exec (profile-regexp base-profile)
                                              (basename (readlink profile))))
             (compose string->number (cut match:substring <> 1)))
      0))

(define %profile-generation-rx
  ;; Regexp that matches profile generation.
  (make-regexp "(.*)-([0-9]+)-link$"))

(define (generation-profile file)
  "If FILE is a profile generation GC root such as \"guix-profile-42-link\",
return its corresponding profile---e.g., \"guix-profile\".  Otherwise return
#f."
  (match (regexp-exec %profile-generation-rx file)
    (#f #f)
    (m  (let ((profile (match:substring m 1)))
          (and (file-exists? (string-append profile "/manifest"))
               profile)))))

(define (generation-numbers profile)
  "Return the sorted list of generation numbers of PROFILE, or '(0) if no
former profiles were found."
  (match (scandir (dirname profile)
                  (cute regexp-exec (profile-regexp profile) <>))
    (#f                                         ; no profile directory
     '(0))
    (()                                         ; no profiles
     '(0))
    ((profiles ...)                             ; former profiles around
     (sort (map (compose string->number
                         (cut match:substring <> 1)
                         (cute regexp-exec (profile-regexp profile) <>))
                profiles)
           <))))

(define (profile-generations profile)
  "Return a list of PROFILE's generations."
  (let ((generations (generation-numbers profile)))
    (if (equal? generations '(0))
        '()
        generations)))

(define (relative-generation-spec->number profile spec)
  "Return PROFILE's generation specified by SPEC, which is a string.  The SPEC
may be a N, -N, or +N, where N is a number.  If the spec is N, then the number
returned is N.  If it is -N, then the number returned is the profile's current
generation number minus N.  If it is +N, then the number returned is the
profile's current generation number plus N.  Return #f if there is no such
generation."
  (let ((number (string->number spec)))
    (and number
         (case (string-ref spec 0)
           ((#\+ #\-)
            (relative-generation profile number))
           (else (if (memv number (profile-generations profile))
                     number
                     #f))))))


(define* (relative-generation profile shift #:optional
                              (current (generation-number profile)))
  "Return PROFILE's generation shifted from the CURRENT generation by SHIFT.
SHIFT is a positive or negative number.
Return #f if there is no such generation."
  (let* ((abs-shift (abs shift))
         (numbers (profile-generations profile))
         (from-current (memq current
                             (if (negative? shift)
                                 (reverse numbers)
                                 numbers))))
    (and from-current
         (< abs-shift (length from-current))
         (list-ref from-current abs-shift))))

(define* (previous-generation-number profile #:optional
                                     (number (generation-number profile)))
  "Return the number of the generation before generation NUMBER of
PROFILE, or 0 if none exists.  It could be NUMBER - 1, but it's not the
case when generations have been deleted (there are \"holes\")."
  (or (relative-generation profile -1 number)
      0))

(define (generation-file-name profile generation)
  "Return the file name for PROFILE's GENERATION."
  (format #f "~a-~a-link" profile generation))

(define (generation-time profile number)
  "Return the creation time of a generation in the UTC format."
  (make-time time-utc 0
             (stat:ctime (stat (generation-file-name profile number)))))

(define (link-to-empty-profile store generation)
  "Link GENERATION, a string, to the empty profile.  An error is raised if
that fails."
  (let* ((drv  (run-with-store store
                 (profile-derivation (manifest '())
                                     #:locales? #f)))
         (prof (derivation->output-path drv "out")))
    (build-derivations store (list drv))
    (switch-symlinks generation prof)))

(define (switch-to-generation profile number)
  "Atomically switch PROFILE to the generation NUMBER.  Return the number of
the generation that was current before switching."
  (let ((current    (generation-number profile))
        (generation (generation-file-name profile number)))
    (cond ((not (file-exists? profile))
           (raise (condition (&profile-not-found-error
                              (profile profile)))))
          ((not (file-exists? generation))
           (raise (condition (&missing-generation-error
                              (profile profile)
                              (generation number)))))
          (else
           (switch-symlinks profile (basename generation))
           current))))

(define (switch-to-previous-generation profile)
  "Atomically switch PROFILE to the previous generation.  Return the former
generation number and the current one."
  (let ((previous (previous-generation-number profile)))
    (values (switch-to-generation profile previous)
            previous)))

(define (roll-back store profile)
  "Roll back to the previous generation of PROFILE.  Return the number of the
generation that was current before switching and the new generation number."
  (let* ((number              (generation-number profile))
         (previous-number     (previous-generation-number profile number))
         (previous-generation (generation-file-name profile previous-number)))
    (cond ((not (file-exists? profile))           ;invalid profile
           (raise (condition (&profile-not-found-error
                              (profile profile)))))
          ((zero? number)                         ;empty profile
           (values number number))
          ((or (zero? previous-number)            ;going to emptiness
               (not (file-exists? previous-generation)))
           (link-to-empty-profile store previous-generation)
           (switch-to-previous-generation profile))
          (else                                   ;anything else
           (switch-to-previous-generation profile)))))

(define (delete-generation store profile number)
  "Delete generation with NUMBER from PROFILE.  Return the file name of the
generation that has been deleted, or #f if nothing was done (for instance
because the NUMBER is zero.)"
  (define (delete-and-return)
    (let ((generation (generation-file-name profile number)))
      (delete-file generation)
      generation))

  (let* ((current-number      (generation-number profile))
         (previous-number     (previous-generation-number profile number))
         (previous-generation (generation-file-name profile previous-number)))
    (cond ((zero? number) #f)                     ;do not delete generation 0
          ((and (= number current-number)
                (not (file-exists? previous-generation)))
           (link-to-empty-profile store previous-generation)
           (switch-to-previous-generation profile)
           (delete-and-return))
          ((= number current-number)
           (roll-back store profile)
           (delete-and-return))
          (else
           (delete-and-return)))))

(define %user-profile-directory
  (and=> (getenv "HOME")
         (cut string-append <> "/.guix-profile")))

(define %profile-directory
  (string-append %state-directory "/profiles/"
                 (or (and=> (or (getenv "USER")
                                (getenv "LOGNAME")
                                (false-if-exception
                                 (passwd:name (getpwuid (getuid)))))
                            (cut string-append "per-user/" <>))
                     "default")))

(define %current-profile
  ;; Call it `guix-profile', not `profile', to allow Guix profiles to
  ;; coexist with Nix profiles.
  (string-append %profile-directory "/guix-profile"))

(define (ensure-profile-directory)
  "Attempt to create /…/profiles/per-user/$USER if needed.  Nowadays this is
taken care of by the daemon."
  (let ((s (stat %profile-directory #f)))
    (unless (and s (eq? 'directory (stat:type s)))
      (catch 'system-error
        (lambda ()
          (mkdir-p %profile-directory))
        (lambda args
          ;; Often, we cannot create %PROFILE-DIRECTORY because its
          ;; parent directory is root-owned and we're running
          ;; unprivileged.
          (raise (condition
                  (&message
                   (message
                    (format #f
                            (G_ "while creating directory `~a': ~a")
                            %profile-directory
                            (strerror (system-error-errno args)))))
                  (&fix-hint
                   (hint
                    (format #f (G_ "Please create the @file{~a} directory, \
with you as the owner.")
                            %profile-directory))))))))

    ;; Bail out if it's not owned by the user.
    (unless (or (not s) (= (stat:uid s) (getuid)))
      (raise (condition
              (&message
               (message
                (format #f (G_ "directory `~a' is not owned by you")
                        %profile-directory)))
              (&fix-hint
               (hint
                (format #f (G_ "Please change the owner of @file{~a} \
to user ~s.")
                        %profile-directory (or (getenv "USER")
                                               (getenv "LOGNAME")
                                               (getuid))))))))))

(define (canonicalize-profile profile)
  "If PROFILE points to a profile in %PROFILE-DIRECTORY, return that.
Otherwise return PROFILE unchanged.  The goal is to treat '-p ~/.guix-profile'
as if '-p' was omitted."  ; see <http://bugs.gnu.org/17939>
  ;; Trim trailing slashes so 'readlink' can do its job.
  (let ((profile (string-trim-right profile #\/)))
    (catch 'system-error
      (lambda ()
        (let ((target (readlink profile)))
          (if (string=? (dirname target) %profile-directory)
              target
              profile)))
      (const profile))))

(define %known-shorthand-profiles
  ;; Known shorthand forms for profiles that the user manipulates.
  (list (string-append (config-directory #:ensure? #f) "/current")
        %user-profile-directory))

(define (user-friendly-profile profile)
  "Return either ~/.guix-profile or ~/.config/guix/current if that's what
PROFILE refers to, directly or indirectly, or PROFILE."
  (or (find (lambda (shorthand)
              (and shorthand
                   (let ((target (false-if-exception
                                  (readlink shorthand))))
                     (and target (string=? target profile)))))
            %known-shorthand-profiles)
      profile))

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;;; profiles.scm ends here