;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
;;; Copyright © 2014-2024 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2015 David Thompson <davet@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2015 Mark H Weaver <mhw@netris.org>
;;; Copyright © 2017 Mathieu Othacehe <m.othacehe@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2019 Guillaume Le Vaillant <glv@posteo.net>
;;; Copyright © 2020 Julien Lepiller <julien@lepiller.eu>
;;; Copyright © 2020 Jan (janneke) Nieuwenhuizen <janneke@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2021 Chris Marusich <cmmarusich@gmail.com>
;;; Copyright © 2021 Tobias Geerinckx-Rice <me@tobias.gr>
;;; Copyright © 2022 Oleg Pykhalov <go.wigust@gmail.com>
;;;
;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
;;; your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

(define-module (guix build syscalls)
  #:use-module (system foreign)
  #:use-module (system base target)
  #:use-module (rnrs bytevectors)
  #:autoload   (ice-9 binary-ports) (get-bytevector-n)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-9)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-9 gnu)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-11)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-19)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
  #:use-module (ice-9 rdelim)
  #:use-module (ice-9 regex)
  #:use-module (ice-9 match)
  #:use-module (ice-9 ftw)
  #:export (MS_RDONLY
            MS_NOSUID
            MS_NODEV
            MS_NOEXEC
            MS_REMOUNT
            MS_NOATIME
            MS_NODIRATIME
            MS_STRICTATIME
            MS_RELATIME
            MS_BIND
            MS_MOVE
            MS_REC
            MS_SHARED
            MS_LAZYTIME
            MNT_FORCE
            MNT_DETACH
            MNT_EXPIRE
            UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW

            restart-on-EINTR

            device-number
            device-number->major+minor

            mount?
            mount-device-number
            mount-source
            mount-point
            mount-type
            mount-options
            mount-flags

            mounts
            mount-points

            SWAP_FLAG_PREFER
            SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_MASK
            SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_SHIFT
            SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD

            swapon
            swapoff

            file-system?
            file-system-type
            file-system-block-size
            file-system-block-count
            file-system-blocks-free
            file-system-blocks-available
            file-system-file-count
            file-system-free-file-nodes
            file-system-identifier
            file-system-maximum-name-length
            file-system-fragment-size
            file-system-mount-flags
            statfs

            ST_RDONLY
            ST_NOSUID
            ST_NODEV
            ST_NOEXEC
            ST_SYNCHRONOUS
            ST_MANDLOCK
            ST_WRITE
            ST_APPEND
            ST_IMMUTABLE
            ST_NOATIME
            ST_NODIRATIME
            ST_RELATIME
            statfs-flags->mount-flags

            free-disk-space
            device-in-use?
            add-to-entropy-count

            processes
            mkdtemp!
            fdatasync
            pivot-root
            scandir*
            getxattr
            setxattr

            fcntl-flock
            lock-file
            unlock-file
            with-file-lock
            with-file-lock/no-wait

            set-child-subreaper!

            set-thread-name
            thread-name

            CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID
            CLONE_CHILD_SETTID
            CLONE_NEWCGROUP
            CLONE_NEWNS
            CLONE_NEWUTS
            CLONE_NEWIPC
            CLONE_NEWUSER
            CLONE_NEWPID
            CLONE_NEWNET
            clone
            setns

            PF_PACKET
            AF_PACKET
            all-network-interface-names
            network-interface-names
            network-interface-netmask
            network-interface-running?
            loopback-network-interface?
            arp-network-interface?
            network-interface-address
            set-network-interface-netmask
            set-network-interface-up
            configure-network-interface
            add-network-route/gateway
            delete-network-route

            interface?
            interface-name
            interface-flags
            interface-address
            interface-netmask
            interface-broadcast-address
            network-interfaces

            termios?
            termios-input-flags
            termios-output-flags
            termios-control-flags
            termios-local-flags
            termios-line-discipline
            termios-control-chars
            termios-input-speed
            termios-output-speed
            local-flags
            input-flags
            tcsetattr-action
            tcgetattr
            tcsetattr

            window-size?
            window-size-rows
            window-size-columns
            window-size-x-pixels
            window-size-y-pixels
            terminal-window-size
            terminal-columns
            terminal-rows
            terminal-string-width
            openpty
            login-tty

            utmpx?
            utmpx-login-type
            utmpx-pid
            utmpx-line
            utmpx-id
            utmpx-user
            utmpx-host
            utmpx-termination-status
            utmpx-exit-status
            utmpx-session-id
            utmpx-time
            utmpx-address
            login-type
            utmpx-entries
            (read-utmpx-from-port . read-utmpx)))

;;; Commentary:
;;;
;;; This module provides bindings to libc's syscall wrappers.  It uses the
;;; FFI, and thus requires a dynamically-linked Guile.
;;;
;;; Some syscalls are already defined in statically-linked Guile by applying
;;; 'guile-linux-syscalls.patch'.
;;;
;;; Visibility of syscall's symbols shared between this module and static Guile
;;; is a bit delicate. It is handled by 'define-as-needed' macro.
;;;
;;; This macro is used to export symbols in dynamic Guile context, and to
;;; re-export them in static Guile context.
;;;
;;; This way, even if they don't appear in #:export list, it is safe to use
;;; syscalls from this module in static or dynamic Guile context.
;;;
;;; Code:

\f
;;;
;;; Packed structures.
;;;

(define-syntax sizeof*
  ;; XXX: This duplicates 'compile-time-value'.
  (syntax-rules (int128 array)
    ((_ int128)
     16)
    ((_ (array type n))
     (* (sizeof* type) n))
    ((_ type)
     (let-syntax ((v (lambda (s)
                       ;; When compiling natively, call 'sizeof' at expansion
                       ;; time; otherwise, emit code to call it at run time.
                       (syntax-case s ()
                         (_
                          (if (= (target-word-size)
                                 (with-target %host-type target-word-size))
                              (sizeof type)
                              #'(sizeof type)))))))
       v))))

(define-syntax alignof*
  ;; XXX: This duplicates 'compile-time-value'.
  (syntax-rules (int128 array)
    ((_ int128)
     16)
    ((_ (array type n))
     (alignof* type))
    ((_ type)
     (let-syntax ((v (lambda (s)
                       ;; When compiling natively, call 'sizeof' at expansion
                       ;; time; otherwise, emit code to call it at run time.
                       (syntax-case s ()
                         (_
                          (if (= (target-word-size)
                                 (with-target %host-type target-word-size))
                              (alignof type)
                              #'(alignof type)))))))
       v))))

(define-syntax align                             ;as found in (system foreign)
  (syntax-rules (~)
    "Add to OFFSET whatever it takes to get proper alignment for TYPE."
    ((_ offset (type ~ endianness))
     (align offset type))
    ((_ offset type)
     (1+ (logior (1- offset) (1- (alignof* type)))))))

(define-syntax type-size
  (syntax-rules (~)
    ((_ (type ~ order))
     (sizeof* type))
    ((_ type)
     (sizeof* type))))

(define-syntax struct-alignment
  (syntax-rules ()
    "Compute the alignment for the aggregate made of TYPES at OFFSET.  The
result is the alignment of the \"most strictly aligned component\"."
    ((_ offset types ...)
     (max (align offset types) ...))))

(define-syntax struct-size
  (syntax-rules ()
    "Return the size in bytes of the structure made of TYPES."
    ((_ offset (types-processed ...))
     ;; The SysV ABI P.S. says: "Aggregates (structures and arrays) and unions
     ;; assume the alignment of their most strictly aligned component."  As an
     ;; example, a struct such as "int32, int16" has size 8, not 6.
     (1+ (logior (1- offset)
                 (1- (struct-alignment offset types-processed ...)))))
    ((_ offset (types-processed ...) type0 types ...)
     (struct-size (+ (type-size type0) (align offset type0))
                  (type0 types-processed ...)
                  types ...))))

(define-syntax write-type
  (syntax-rules (~ array *)
    ((_ bv offset (type ~ order) value)
     (bytevector-uint-set! bv offset value
                           (endianness order) (sizeof* type)))
    ((_ bv offset (array type n) value)
     (let loop ((i 0)
                (value value)
                (o offset))
       (unless (= i n)
         (match value
           ((head . tail)
            (write-type bv o type head)
            (loop (+ 1 i) tail (+ o (sizeof* type))))))))
    ((_ bv offset '* value)
     (bytevector-uint-set! bv offset (pointer-address value)
                           (native-endianness) (sizeof* '*)))
    ((_ bv offset type value)
     (bytevector-uint-set! bv offset value
                           (native-endianness) (sizeof* type)))))

(define-syntax write-types
  (syntax-rules ()
    ((_ bv offset () ())
     #t)
    ((_ bv offset (type0 types ...) (field0 fields ...))
     (begin
       (write-type bv (align offset type0) type0 field0)
       (write-types bv
                    (+ (align offset type0) (type-size type0))
                    (types ...) (fields ...))))))

(define-syntax read-type
  (syntax-rules (~ array quote *)
    ((_ bv offset '*)
     (make-pointer (bytevector-uint-ref bv offset
                                        (native-endianness)
                                        (sizeof* '*))))
    ((_ bv offset (type ~ order))
     (bytevector-uint-ref bv offset
                          (endianness order) (sizeof* type)))
    ((_ bv offset (array type n))
     (unfold (lambda (i) (= i n))
             (lambda (i)
               (read-type bv (+ offset (* i (sizeof* type))) type))
             1+
             0))
    ((_ bv offset type)
     (bytevector-uint-ref bv offset
                          (native-endianness) (sizeof* type)))))

(define-syntax read-types
  (syntax-rules ()
    ((_ return bv offset () (values ...))
     (return values ...))
    ((_ return bv offset (type0 types ...) (values ...))
     (read-types return
                 bv
                 (+ (align offset type0) (type-size type0))
                 (types ...)
                 (values ... (read-type bv
                                        (align offset type0)
                                        type0))))))

(define-syntax define-c-struct-macro
  (syntax-rules ()
    "Define NAME as a macro that can be queried to get information about the C
struct it represents.  In particular:

  (NAME field-offset FIELD)

returns the offset in bytes of FIELD within the C struct represented by NAME."
    ((_ name ((fields types) ...))
     (define-c-struct-macro name
       (fields ...) 0 ()
       ((fields types) ...)))
    ((_ name (fields ...) offset (clauses ...) ((field type) rest ...))
     (define-c-struct-macro name
       (fields ...)
       (+ (align offset type) (type-size type))
       (clauses ... ((_ field-offset field) (align offset type)))
       (rest ...)))
    ((_ name (fields ...) offset (clauses ...) ())
     (define-syntax name
       (syntax-rules (field-offset fields ...)
         clauses ...)))))

(define-syntax define-c-struct
  (syntax-rules ()
    "Define SIZE as the size in bytes of the C structure made of FIELDS.  READ
as a deserializer and WRITE! as a serializer for the C structure with the
given TYPES.  READ uses WRAP-FIELDS to return its value."
    ((_ name size wrap-fields read write! (fields types) ...)
     (begin
       (define-c-struct-macro name
         ((fields types) ...))
       (define size
         (struct-size 0 () types ...))
       (define (write! bv offset fields ...)
         (write-types bv offset (types ...) (fields ...)))
       (define* (read bv #:optional (offset 0))
         (read-types wrap-fields bv offset (types ...) ()))))))

(define-syntax-rule (c-struct-field-offset type field)
  "Return the offset in BYTES of FIELD within TYPE, where TYPE is a C struct
defined with 'define-c-struct' and FIELD is a field identifier.  An
expansion-time error is raised if FIELD does not exist in TYPE."
  (type field-offset field))

\f
;;;
;;; FFI.
;;;

(define (call-with-restart-on-EINTR thunk)
  (let loop ()
    (catch 'system-error
      thunk
      (lambda args
        (if (= (system-error-errno args) EINTR)
            (loop)
            (apply throw args))))))

(define-syntax-rule (restart-on-EINTR expr)
  "Evaluate EXPR and restart upon EINTR.  Return the value of EXPR."
  (call-with-restart-on-EINTR (lambda () expr)))

(define* (syscall->procedure return-type name argument-types
                             #:key library)
  "Return a procedure that wraps the C function NAME using the dynamic FFI,
and that returns two values: NAME's return value, and errno.  When LIBRARY is
specified, look up NAME in that library rather than in the global symbol name
space.

If an error occurs while creating the binding, defer the error report until
the returned procedure is called."
  (catch #t
    (lambda ()
      ;; Note: When #:library is set, try it first and fall back to libc
      ;; proper.  This is because libraries like libutil.so have been subsumed
      ;; by libc.so with glibc >= 2.34.
      (let ((ptr (dynamic-func name
                               (if library
                                   (or (false-if-exception
                                        (dynamic-link library))
                                       (dynamic-link))
                                   (dynamic-link)))))
        ;; The #:return-errno? facility was introduced in Guile 2.0.12.
        (pointer->procedure return-type ptr argument-types
                            #:return-errno? #t)))
    (lambda args
      (lambda _
        (throw 'system-error name  "~A" (list (strerror ENOSYS))
               (list ENOSYS))))))

(define-syntax define-as-needed
  (syntax-rules ()
    "Define VARIABLE.  If VARIABLE already exists in (guile) then re-export it,
  otherwise export the newly-defined VARIABLE."
    ((_ (proc args ...) body ...)
     (define-as-needed proc (lambda* (args ...) body ...)))
    ((_ variable value)
     (if (module-defined? the-scm-module 'variable)
         (module-re-export! (current-module) '(variable))
         (begin
           (module-define! (current-module) 'variable value)
           (module-export! (current-module) '(variable)))))))

\f
;;;
;;; Block devices.
;;;

;; Convert between major:minor pairs and packed ‘device number’ representation.
;; XXX These aren't syscalls, but if you squint very hard they are part of the
;; FFI or however you want to justify me not finding a better fit… :-)
(define (device-number major minor)     ; see glibc's <sys/sysmacros.h>
  "Return the device number for the device with MAJOR and MINOR, for use as
the last argument of `mknod'."
  (logior (ash (logand #x00000fff major) 8)
          (ash (logand #xfffff000 major) 32)
               (logand #x000000ff minor)
          (ash (logand #xffffff00 minor) 12)))

(define (device-number->major+minor device)     ; see glibc's <sys/sysmacros.h>
  "Return two values: the major and minor device numbers that make up DEVICE."
  (values (logior (ash (logand #x00000000000fff00 device) -8)
                  (ash (logand #xfffff00000000000 device) -32))
          (logior      (logand #x00000000000000ff device)
                  (ash (logand #x00000ffffff00000 device) -12))))

\f
;;;
;;; File systems.
;;;

(define (augment-mtab source target type options)
  "Augment /etc/mtab with information about the given mount point."
  (let ((port (open-file "/etc/mtab" "a")))
    (format port "~a ~a ~a ~a 0 0~%"
            source target type (or options "rw"))
    (close-port port)))

(define (read-mtab port)
  "Read an mtab-formatted file from PORT, returning a list of tuples."
  (let loop ((result '()))
    (let ((line (read-line port)))
      (if (eof-object? line)
          (reverse result)
          (loop (cons (string-tokenize line) result))))))

(define (remove-from-mtab target)
  "Remove mount point TARGET from /etc/mtab."
  (define entries
    (remove (match-lambda
             ((device mount-point type options freq passno)
              (string=? target mount-point))
             (_ #f))
            (call-with-input-file "/etc/mtab" read-mtab)))

  (call-with-output-file "/etc/mtab"
    (lambda (port)
      (for-each (match-lambda
                 ((device mount-point type options freq passno)
                  (format port "~a ~a ~a ~a ~a ~a~%"
                          device mount-point type options freq passno)))
                entries))))

;; Linux mount flags, from libc's <sys/mount.h>.
(define MS_RDONLY             1)
(define MS_NOSUID             2)
(define MS_NODEV              4)
(define MS_NOEXEC             8)
(define MS_REMOUNT           32)
(define MS_NOATIME         1024)
(define MS_NODIRATIME      2048)
(define MS_BIND            4096)
(define MS_MOVE            8192)
(define MS_REC            16384)
(define MS_SHARED       1048576)
(define MS_RELATIME     2097152)
(define MS_STRICTATIME 16777216)
(define MS_LAZYTIME    33554432)

(define MNT_FORCE       1)
(define MNT_DETACH      2)
(define MNT_EXPIRE      4)
(define UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW 8)

(define-as-needed mount
  ;; XXX: '#:update-mtab?' is not implemented by core 'mount'.
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "mount" `(* * * ,unsigned-long *))))
    (lambda* (source target type
                     #:optional (flags 0) options
                     #:key (update-mtab? #f))
      "Mount device SOURCE on TARGET as a file system TYPE.
Optionally, FLAGS may be a bitwise-or of the MS_* <sys/mount.h> constants, and
OPTIONS may be a string.  When FLAGS contains MS_REMOUNT, SOURCE and TYPE are
ignored.  When UPDATE-MTAB? is true, update /etc/mtab.  Raise a 'system-error'
exception on error."
      (let-values (((ret err)
                    (proc (if source
                              (string->pointer source)
                              %null-pointer)
                          (string->pointer target)
                          (if type
                              (string->pointer type)
                              %null-pointer)
                          flags
                          (if options
                              (string->pointer options)
                              %null-pointer))))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "mount" "mount ~S on ~S: ~A"
                 (list source target (strerror err))
                 (list err)))
        (when update-mtab?
          (augment-mtab source target type options))))))

(define-as-needed umount
  ;; XXX: '#:update-mtab?' is not implemented by core 'umount'.
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "umount2" `(* ,int)))) ;XXX
    (lambda* (target #:optional (flags 0) #:key (update-mtab? #f))
      "Unmount TARGET.  Optionally FLAGS may be one of the MNT_* or UMOUNT_*
constants from <sys/mount.h>."
      (let-values (((ret err)
                    (proc (string->pointer target) flags)))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "umount" "~S: ~A"
                 (list target (strerror err))
                 (list err)))
        (when update-mtab?
          (remove-from-mtab target))))))

;; Mount point information.
(define-record-type <mount>
  (%mount source point devno type options)
  mount?
  (devno    mount-device-number)                  ;st_dev
  (source   mount-source)                         ;string
  (point    mount-point)                          ;string
  (type     mount-type)                           ;string
  (options  mount-options))                       ;string

(define (option-string->mount-flags str)
  "Parse the \"option string\" STR as it appears in /proc/mounts and similar,
and return two values: a mount bitmask (inclusive or of MS_* constants), and
the remaining unprocessed options."
  ;; Why do we need to do this?  Because mount flags and mount options are
  ;; often lumped together; this is the case in /proc/mounts & co., so we need
  ;; to extract the bits that actually correspond to mount flags.

  (define not-comma
    (char-set-complement (char-set #\,)))

  (define lst
    (string-tokenize str not-comma))

  (let loop ((options   lst)
             (mask      0)
             (remainder '()))
    (match options
      (()
       (values mask (string-concatenate-reverse remainder)))
      ((head . tail)
       (letrec-syntax ((match-options (syntax-rules (=>)
                                        ((_)
                                         (loop tail mask
                                               (cons head remainder)))
                                        ((_ (str => bit) rest ...)
                                         (if (string=? str head)
                                             (loop tail (logior bit mask)
                                                   remainder)
                                             (match-options rest ...))))))
         (match-options ("rw"         => 0)
                        ("ro"         => MS_RDONLY)
                        ("nosuid"     => MS_NOSUID)
                        ("nodev"      => MS_NODEV)
                        ("noexec"     => MS_NOEXEC)
                        ("relatime"   => MS_RELATIME)
                        ("noatime"    => MS_NOATIME)
                        ("nodiratime" => MS_NODIRATIME)))))))

(define (mount-flags mount)
  "Return the mount flags of MOUNT, a <mount> record, as an inclusive or of
MS_* constants."
  (option-string->mount-flags (mount-options mount)))

(define (octal-decode str)
  "Decode octal escapes from STR and return the corresponding string.  STR may
look like this: \"white\\040space\", which is decoded as \"white space\"."
  (define char-set:octal
    (char-set #\0 #\1 #\2 #\3 #\4 #\5 #\6 #\7))
  (define (octal? c)
    (char-set-contains? char-set:octal c))

  (let loop ((chars (string->list str))
             (result '()))
    (match chars
      (()
       (list->string (reverse result)))
      ((#\\ (? octal? a) (? octal? b) (? octal? c) . rest)
       (loop rest
             (cons (integer->char
                    (string->number (list->string (list a b c)) 8))
                   result)))
      ((head . tail)
       (loop tail (cons head result))))))

(define (mounts)
  "Return the list of mounts (<mount> records) visible in the namespace of the
current process."
  (define (string->device-number str)
    (match (string-split str #\:)
      (((= string->number major) (= string->number minor))
       (device-number major minor))))

  (call-with-input-file "/proc/self/mountinfo"
    (lambda (port)
      (let loop ((result '()))
        (let ((line (read-line port)))
          (if (eof-object? line)
              (reverse result)
              (match (string-tokenize line)
                ;; See the proc(5) man page for a description of the columns.
                ((id parent-id major:minor root mount-point
                     options _ ... "-" type source _)
                 (let ((devno (string->device-number major:minor)))
                   (loop (cons (%mount (octal-decode source)
                                       (octal-decode mount-point)
                                       devno type options)
                               result)))))))))))

(define (mount-points)
  "Return the mounts points for currently mounted file systems."
  (map mount-point (mounts)))

;; Pulled from glibc's sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sys/swap.h

(define SWAP_FLAG_PREFER     #x8000) ;; Set if swap priority is specified.
(define SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_MASK  #x7fff)
(define SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_SHIFT 0)
(define SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD    #x10000) ;; Discard swap cluster after use.

(define swapon
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "swapon" (list '* int))))
    (lambda* (device #:optional (flags 0))
      "Use the block special device at DEVICE for swapping."
      (let-values (((ret err)
                    (proc (string->pointer device) flags)))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "swapon" "~S: ~A"
                 (list device (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))

(define swapoff
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "swapoff" '(*))))
    (lambda (device)
      "Stop using block special device DEVICE for swapping."
      (let-values (((ret err) (proc (string->pointer device))))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "swapoff" "~S: ~A"
                 (list device (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))

(define-as-needed RB_AUTOBOOT    #x01234567)
(define-as-needed RB_HALT_SYSTEM #xcdef0123)
(define-as-needed RB_ENABLED_CAD #x89abcdef)
(define-as-needed RB_DISABLE_CAD 0)
(define-as-needed RB_POWER_OFF   #x4321fedc)
(define-as-needed RB_SW_SUSPEND  #xd000fce2)
(define-as-needed RB_KEXEC       #x45584543)

(define-as-needed reboot
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "reboot" (list int))))
    (lambda* (#:optional (cmd RB_AUTOBOOT))
      (let-values (((ret err) (proc cmd)))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "reboot" "~S: ~A"
                 (list cmd (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))

(define-as-needed load-linux-module
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "init_module"
                                  (list '* unsigned-long '*))))
    (lambda* (data #:optional (options ""))
      (let-values (((ret err)
                    (proc (bytevector->pointer data)
                          (bytevector-length data)
                          (string->pointer options))))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "load-linux-module" "~A"
                 (list (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))

(define (linux-process-flags pid)                 ;copied from the Shepherd
  "Return the process flags of @var{pid} (or'd @code{PF_} constants), assuming
the Linux /proc file system is mounted; raise a @code{system-error} exception
otherwise."
  (call-with-input-file (string-append "/proc/" (number->string pid)
                                       "/stat")
    (lambda (port)
      (define line
        (read-string port))

      ;; Parse like systemd's 'is_kernel_thread' function.
      (let ((offset (string-index line #\))))     ;offset past 'tcomm' field
        (match (and offset
                    (string-tokenize (string-drop line (+ offset 1))))
          ((state ppid pgrp sid tty-nr tty-pgrp flags . _)
           (or (string->number flags) 0))
          (_
           0))))))

;; Per-process flag defined in <linux/sched.h>.
(define PF_KTHREAD #x00200000)                    ;I am a kernel thread

(define (linux-kernel-thread? pid)
  "Return true if @var{pid} is a Linux kernel thread."
  (= PF_KTHREAD (logand (linux-process-flags pid) PF_KTHREAD)))

(define pseudo-process?
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      (lambda (pid)
        "Return true if @var{pid} denotes a \"pseudo-process\" such as a Linux
kernel thread rather than a \"regular\" process.  A pseudo-process is one that
may never terminate, even after sending it SIGKILL---e.g., kthreadd on Linux."
        (catch 'system-error
          (lambda ()
            (linux-kernel-thread? pid))
          (const #f)))
      (const #f)))

(define (processes)
  "Return the list of live processes."
  (sort (filter-map (lambda (file)
                      (let ((pid (string->number file)))
                        (and pid
                             (not (pseudo-process? pid))
                             pid)))
                    (scandir "/proc"))
        <))

(define mkdtemp!
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure '* "mkdtemp" '(*))))
    (lambda (tmpl)
      "Create a new unique directory in the file system using the template
string TMPL and return its file name.  TMPL must end with 'XXXXXX'."
      (let-values (((result err) (proc (string->pointer tmpl))))
        (when (null-pointer? result)
          (throw 'system-error "mkdtemp!" "~S: ~A"
                 (list tmpl (strerror err))
                 (list err)))
        (pointer->string result)))))

(define fdatasync
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "fdatasync" (list int))))
    (lambda (port)
      "Flush buffered output of PORT, an output file port, and then call
fdatasync(2) on the underlying file descriptor."
      (force-output port)
      (let*-values (((fd)      (fileno port))
                    ((ret err) (proc fd)))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "fdatasync" "~S: ~A"
                 (list fd (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))


(define-record-type <file-system>
  (file-system type block-size blocks blocks-free
               blocks-available files free-files identifier
               name-length fragment-size mount-flags spare)
  file-system?
  (type              file-system-type)
  (block-size        file-system-block-size)
  (blocks            file-system-block-count)
  (blocks-free       file-system-blocks-free)
  (blocks-available  file-system-blocks-available)
  (files             file-system-file-count)
  (free-files        file-system-free-file-nodes)
  (identifier        file-system-identifier)
  (name-length       file-system-maximum-name-length)
  (fragment-size     file-system-fragment-size)
  (mount-flags       file-system-mount-flags)
  (spare             file-system--spare))

(define-syntax fsword                             ;fsword_t
  (identifier-syntax long))

(define musl-libc? (string-contains %host-type "linux-musl"))
(define linux? (string-contains %host-type "linux-"))

(define-syntax define-statfs-flags
  (syntax-rules (linux hurd)
    "Define the statfs mount flags."
    ((_ (name (linux linux-value) (hurd hurd-value)) rest ...)
     (begin
       (define name
         (if linux? linux-value hurd-value))
       (define-statfs-flags rest ...)))
    ((_ (name value) rest ...)
     (begin
       (define name value)
       (define-statfs-flags rest ...)))
    ((_) #t)))

(define-statfs-flags                              ;<bits/statfs.h>
  (ST_RDONLY      1)
  (ST_NOSUID      2)
  (ST_NODEV       (linux 4) (hurd 0))
  (ST_NOEXEC      8)
  (ST_SYNCHRONOUS 16)
  (ST_MANDLOCK    (linux 64) (hurd 0))
  (ST_WRITE       (linux 128) (hurd 0))
  (ST_APPEND      (linux 256) (hurd 0))
  (ST_IMMUTABLE   (linux 512) (hurd 0))
  (ST_NOATIME     (linux 1024) (hurd 32))
  (ST_NODIRATIME  (linux 2048) (hurd 0))
  (ST_RELATIME    (linux 4096) (hurd 64)))

(define (statfs-flags->mount-flags flags)
  "Convert FLAGS, a logical or of ST_* constants as returned by
'file-system-mount-flags', to the corresponding logical or of MS_* constants."
  (letrec-syntax ((match-flags (syntax-rules (=>)
                                 ((_ (statfs => mount) rest ...)
                                  (logior (if (zero? (logand flags statfs))
                                              0
                                              mount)
                                          (match-flags rest ...)))
                                 ((_)
                                  0))))
    (match-flags
     (ST_RDONLY     => MS_RDONLY)
     (ST_NOSUID     => MS_NOSUID)
     (ST_NODEV      => MS_NODEV)
     (ST_NOEXEC     => MS_NOEXEC)
     (ST_NOATIME    => MS_NOATIME)
     (ST_NODIRATIME => MS_NODIRATIME)
     (ST_RELATIME   => MS_RELATIME))))

(define-c-struct %statfs                          ;<bits/statfs.h>
  sizeof-statfs                                   ;slightly overestimated
  file-system
  read-statfs
  write-statfs!
  (type             fsword)
  (block-size       fsword)
  (blocks           uint64)
  (blocks-free      uint64)
  (blocks-available uint64)
  (files            uint64)
  (free-files       uint64)
  (identifier       (array int 2))
  (name-length      fsword)
  (fragment-size    fsword)
  (mount-flags      fsword)                       ;ST_*
  (spare            (array fsword 4)))

(define statfs
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int (if musl-libc? "statfs" "statfs64") '(* *))))
    (lambda (file)
      "Return a <file-system> data structure describing the file system
mounted at FILE."
      (let*-values (((stat)    (make-bytevector sizeof-statfs))
                    ((ret err) (proc (string->pointer file)
                                     (bytevector->pointer stat))))
        (if (zero? ret)
            (read-statfs stat)
            (throw 'system-error "statfs" "~A: ~A"
                   (list file (strerror err))
                   (list err)))))))

(define (free-disk-space file)
  "Return the free disk space, in bytes, on the file system that hosts FILE."
  (let ((fs (statfs file)))
    (* (file-system-block-size fs)
       (file-system-blocks-available fs))))

;; Flags for the *at command, notably the 'utime' procedure of libguile.
;; From <fcntl.h>.
(define-as-needed AT_FDCWD             -100)
(define-as-needed AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW #x100)
(define-as-needed AT_REMOVEDIR        #x200)
(define-as-needed AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW   #x400)
(define-as-needed AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT     #x800)
(define-as-needed AT_EMPTY_PATH       #x1000)

(define-syntax BLKRRPART                         ;<sys/mount.h>
  (identifier-syntax #x125F))

(define* (device-in-use? device)
  "Return #t if the block DEVICE is in use, #f otherwise. This is inspired
from fdisk_device_is_used function of util-linux. This is particularly useful
for devices that do not appear in /proc/self/mounts like overlayfs lowerdir
backend device."
  (let*-values (((fd)      (open-fdes device O_RDONLY))
                ((ret err) (%ioctl fd BLKRRPART %null-pointer)))
    (close-fdes fd)
    (cond
     ((= ret 0)
      #f)
     ((= err EBUSY)
      #t)
     ((= err EINVAL)
      ;; We get EINVAL for devices that have the GENHD_FL_NO_PART_SCAN flag
      ;; set in the kernel, in particular loopback devices, though we do seem
      ;; to get it for SCSI storage (/dev/sr0) on QEMU.
      #f)
     (else
      (throw 'system-error "ioctl" "~A"
             (list (strerror err))
             (list err))))))

(define getxattr
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure ssize_t "getxattr"
                                  `(* * * ,size_t))))
    (lambda (file key)
      "Get the extended attribute value for KEY on FILE."
      (let-values (((size err)
                    ;; Get size of VALUE for buffer.
                    (proc (string->pointer/utf-8 file)
                          (string->pointer key)
                          (string->pointer "")
                          0)))
        (cond ((< size 0)
               (throw 'system-error "getxattr" "~S: ~A"
                      (list file key (strerror err))
                      (list err)))
              ((zero? size) "")
              ;; Get VALUE in buffer of SIZE.  XXX actual size can race.
              (else (let*-values (((buf) (make-bytevector size))
                                  ((size err)
                                   (proc (string->pointer/utf-8 file)
                                         (string->pointer key)
                                         (bytevector->pointer buf)
                                         size)))
                      (if (>= size 0)
                          (utf8->string buf)
                          (throw 'system-error "getxattr" "~S: ~A"
                                 (list file key (strerror err))
                                 (list err))))))))))

(define setxattr
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "setxattr"
                                  `(* * * ,size_t ,int))))
    (lambda* (file key value #:optional (flags 0))
      "Set extended attribute KEY to VALUE on FILE."
      (let*-values (((bv) (string->utf8 value))
                    ((ret err)
                     (proc (string->pointer/utf-8 file)
                           (string->pointer key)
                           (bytevector->pointer bv)
                           (bytevector-length bv)
                           flags)))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "setxattr" "~S: ~A"
                 (list file key value (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))

\f
;;;
;;; Random.
;;;

;; From <uapi/linux/random.h>.
(define RNDADDTOENTCNT
  ;; Avoid using %current-system here to avoid depending on host-side code.
  (if (string-prefix? "powerpc64le" %host-type)
      #x80045201
      #x40045201))

(define (add-to-entropy-count port-or-fd n)
  "Add N to the kernel's entropy count (the value that can be read from
/proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail).  PORT-OR-FD must correspond to
/dev/urandom or /dev/random.  Raise to 'system-error with EPERM when the
caller lacks root privileges."
  (let ((fd  (if (port? port-or-fd)
                 (fileno port-or-fd)
                 port-or-fd))
        (box (make-bytevector (sizeof int))))
    (bytevector-sint-set! box 0 n (native-endianness)
                          (sizeof int))
    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%ioctl fd RNDADDTOENTCNT
                          (bytevector->pointer box))))
      (unless (zero? err)
        (throw 'system-error "add-to-entropy-count" "~A"
               (list (strerror err))
               (list err))))))

\f
;;;
;;; Containers.
;;;

;; Linux clone flags, from linux/sched.h
(define CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID #x00200000)
(define CLONE_CHILD_SETTID   #x01000000)
(define CLONE_NEWCGROUP      #x02000000)
(define CLONE_NEWNS          #x00020000)
(define CLONE_NEWUTS         #x04000000)
(define CLONE_NEWIPC         #x08000000)
(define CLONE_NEWUSER        #x10000000)
(define CLONE_NEWPID         #x20000000)
(define CLONE_NEWNET         #x40000000)

(define %set-automatic-finalization-enabled?!
  ;; When using a statically-linked Guile, for instance in the initrd, we
  ;; cannot resolve this symbol, but most of the time we don't need it
  ;; anyway.  Thus, delay it.
  (let ((proc (delay
                (pointer->procedure int
                                    (dynamic-func
                                     "scm_set_automatic_finalization_enabled"
                                     (dynamic-link))
                                    (list int)))))
    (lambda (enabled?)
      "Switch on or off automatic finalization in a separate thread.
Turning finalization off shuts down the finalization thread as a side effect."
      (->bool ((force proc) (if enabled? 1 0))))))

(define-syntax-rule (without-automatic-finalization exp)
  "Turn off automatic finalization within the dynamic extent of EXP."
  (let ((enabled? #t))
    (dynamic-wind
      (lambda ()
        (set! enabled? (%set-automatic-finalization-enabled?! #f)))
      (lambda ()
        exp)
      (lambda ()
        (%set-automatic-finalization-enabled?! enabled?)))))

;; The libc interface to sys_clone is not useful for Scheme programs, so the
;; low-level system call is wrapped instead.  The 'syscall' function is
;; declared in <unistd.h> as a variadic function; in practice, it expects 6
;; pointer-sized arguments, as shown in, e.g., x86_64/syscall.S.
(define clone
  (let* ((proc (syscall->procedure int "syscall"
                                   (list long                   ;sysno
                                         unsigned-long          ;flags
                                         '* '* '*
                                         '*)))
         ;; TODO: Don't do this.
         (syscall-id (match (utsname:machine (uname))
                       ("i686"   120)
                       ("x86_64" 56)
                       ("mips64" 5055)
                       ("armv7l" 120)
                       ("aarch64" 220)
                       ("ppc64le" 120)
                       ("riscv64" 220)
                       (_ #f))))
    (lambda (flags)
      "Create a new child process by duplicating the current parent process.
Unlike the fork system call, clone accepts FLAGS that specify which resources
are shared between the parent and child processes."
      (let-values (((ret err)
                    ;; Guile 2.2 runs a finalization thread.  'primitive-fork'
                    ;; takes care of shutting it down before forking, and we
                    ;; must do the same here.  Failing to do that, if the
                    ;; child process calls 'primitive-fork', it will hang
                    ;; while trying to pthread_join the finalization thread
                    ;; since that thread does not exist.
                    (without-automatic-finalization
                     (proc syscall-id flags
                           %null-pointer              ;child stack
                           %null-pointer %null-pointer ;ptid & ctid
                           %null-pointer))))           ;unused
        (if (= ret -1)
            (throw 'system-error "clone" "~d: ~A"
                   (list flags (strerror err))
                   (list err))
            ret)))))

(define setns
  ;; Some systems may be using an old (pre-2.14) version of glibc where there
  ;; is no 'setns' function available.
  (false-if-exception
   (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "setns" (list int int))))
     (lambda (fdes nstype)
       "Reassociate the current process with the namespace specified by FDES, a
file descriptor obtained by opening a /proc/PID/ns/* file.  NSTYPE specifies
which type of namespace the current process may be reassociated with, or 0 if
there is no such limitation."
       (let-values (((ret err) (proc fdes nstype)))
         (unless (zero? ret)
           (throw 'system-error "setns" "~d ~d: ~A"
                  (list fdes nstype (strerror err))
                  (list err))))))))

(define pivot-root
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "pivot_root" (list '* '*))))
    (lambda (new-root put-old)
      "Change the root file system to NEW-ROOT and move the current root file
system to PUT-OLD."
      (let-values (((ret err)
                    (proc (string->pointer new-root)
                          (string->pointer put-old))))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "pivot_root" "~S ~S: ~A"
                 (list new-root put-old (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))

\f
;;;
;;; Opendir & co.
;;;

(define (file-type->symbol type)
  ;; Convert TYPE to symbols like 'stat:type' does.
  (cond ((= type DT_REG)  'regular)
        ((= type DT_LNK)  'symlink)
        ((= type DT_DIR)  'directory)
        ((= type DT_FIFO) 'fifo)
        ((= type DT_CHR)  'char-special)
        ((= type DT_BLK)  'block-special)
        ((= type DT_SOCK) 'socket)
        (else             'unknown)))

;; 'struct dirent64' for GNU/Linux.
(define-c-struct %struct-dirent-header/linux
  sizeof-dirent-header/linux
  (lambda (inode offset length type name)
    `((type . ,(file-type->symbol type))
      (inode . ,inode)))
  read-dirent-header/linux
  write-dirent-header!/linux
  (inode  int64)
  (offset int64)
  (length unsigned-short)
  (type   uint8)
  (name   uint8))                                 ;first byte of 'd_name'

;; 'struct dirent64' for GNU/Hurd.
(define-c-struct %struct-dirent-header/hurd
  sizeof-dirent-header/hurd
  (lambda (inode length type name-length name)
    `((type . ,(file-type->symbol type))
      (inode . ,inode)))
  read-dirent-header/hurd
  write-dirent-header!/hurd
  (inode   int64)
  (length  unsigned-short)
  (type    uint8)
  (namelen uint8)
  (name    uint8))

;; Constants for the 'type' field, from <dirent.h>.
(define DT_UNKNOWN 0)
(define DT_FIFO 1)
(define DT_CHR 2)
(define DT_DIR 4)
(define DT_BLK 6)
(define DT_REG 8)
(define DT_LNK 10)
(define DT_SOCK 12)
(define DT_WHT 14)

(define string->pointer/utf-8
  (cut string->pointer <> "UTF-8"))

(define pointer->string/utf-8
  (cut pointer->string <> <> "UTF-8"))

(define opendir*
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure '* "opendir" '(*))))
    (lambda* (name #:optional (string->pointer string->pointer/utf-8))
      (let-values (((ptr err)
                    (proc (string->pointer name))))
        (if (null-pointer? ptr)
            (throw 'system-error "opendir*"
                   "~A: ~A" (list name (strerror err))
                   (list err))
            ptr)))))

(define closedir*
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "closedir" '(*))))
    (lambda (directory)
      (let-values (((ret err)
                    (proc directory)))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "closedir"
                 "closedir: ~A" (list (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))

(define (readdir-procedure name-field-offset sizeof-dirent-header
                           read-dirent-header)
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure '* (if musl-libc? "readdir" "readdir64") '(*))))
    (lambda* (directory #:optional (pointer->string pointer->string/utf-8))
      (let ((ptr (proc directory)))
        (and (not (null-pointer? ptr))
             (cons (pointer->string
                    (make-pointer (+ (pointer-address ptr) name-field-offset))
                    -1)
                   (read-dirent-header
                    (pointer->bytevector ptr sizeof-dirent-header))))))))

(define readdir*
  ;; Decide at run time which one must be used.
  (if linux?
      (readdir-procedure (c-struct-field-offset %struct-dirent-header/linux
                                                name)
                         sizeof-dirent-header/linux
                         read-dirent-header/linux)
      (readdir-procedure (c-struct-field-offset %struct-dirent-header/hurd
                                                name)
                         sizeof-dirent-header/hurd
                         read-dirent-header/hurd)))

(define* (scandir* name #:optional
                   (select? (const #t))
                   (entry<? (lambda (entry1 entry2)
                              (match entry1
                                ((name1 . _)
                                 (match entry2
                                   ((name2 . _)
                                    (string<? name1 name2)))))))
                   #:key
                   (string->pointer string->pointer/utf-8)
                   (pointer->string pointer->string/utf-8))
  "This procedure improves on Guile's 'scandir' procedure in several ways:

   1. Systematically encode decode file names using STRING->POINTER and
      POINTER->STRING (UTF-8 by default; this works around a defect in Guile 2.0/2.2
      where 'scandir' decodes file names according to the current locale, which is
      not always desirable.

   2. Each entry that is returned has the form (NAME . PROPERTIES).
      PROPERTIES is an alist showing additional properties about the entry, as
      found in 'struct dirent'.  An entry may look like this:

        (\"foo.scm\" (type . regular) (inode . 123456))

      Callers must be prepared to deal with the case where 'type' is 'unknown'
      since some file systems do not provide that information.

   3. Raise to 'system-error' when NAME cannot be opened."
  (let ((directory (opendir* name string->pointer)))
    (dynamic-wind
      (const #t)
      (lambda ()
        (let loop ((result '()))
          (match (readdir* directory pointer->string)
            (#f
             (sort result entry<?))
            (entry
             (loop (if (select? entry)
                       (cons entry result)
                       result))))))
      (lambda ()
        (closedir* directory)))))

\f
;;;
;;; Advisory file locking.
;;;

(define-c-struct %struct-flock                    ;<fcntl.h>
  sizeof-flock
  list
  read-flock
  write-flock!
  (type   short)
  (whence short)
  (start  size_t)
  (length size_t)
  (pid    int))

(define F_SETLKW
  ;; On Linux-based systems, this is usually 7, but not always
  ;; (exceptions include SPARC.)  On GNU/Hurd, it's 9.
  (cond ((string-contains %host-type "sparc") 9)  ; sparc-*-linux-gnu
        ((string-contains %host-type "linux") 7)  ; *-linux-gnu
        (else 9)))                                ; *-gnu*

(define F_SETLK
  ;; Likewise: GNU/Hurd and SPARC use 8, while the others typically use 6.
  (cond ((string-contains %host-type "sparc") 8)  ; sparc-*-linux-gnu
        ((string-contains %host-type "linux") 6)  ; *-linux-gnu
        (else 8)))                                ; *-gnu*

(define F_xxLCK
  ;; The F_RDLCK, F_WRLCK, and F_UNLCK constants.
  (cond ((string-contains %host-type "sparc") #(1 2 3))    ; sparc-*-linux-gnu
        ((string-contains %host-type "hppa")  #(1 2 3))    ; hppa-*-linux-gnu
        ((string-contains %host-type "linux") #(0 1 2))    ; *-linux-gnu
        (else                                 #(1 2 3))))  ; *-gnu*

(define fcntl-flock
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "fcntl" `(,int ,int *))))
    (lambda* (fd-or-port operation #:key (wait? #t))
      "Perform locking OPERATION on the file beneath FD-OR-PORT.  OPERATION
must be a symbol, one of 'read-lock, 'write-lock, or 'unlock.  When WAIT? is
true, block until the lock is acquired; otherwise, thrown an 'flock-error'
exception if it's already taken."
      (define (operation->int op)
        (case op
          ((read-lock)  (vector-ref F_xxLCK 0))
          ((write-lock) (vector-ref F_xxLCK 1))
          ((unlock)     (vector-ref F_xxLCK 2))
          (else         (error "invalid fcntl-flock operation" op))))

      (define fd
        (if (port? fd-or-port)
            (fileno fd-or-port)
            fd-or-port))

      (define bv
        (make-bytevector sizeof-flock))

      (write-flock! bv 0
                    (operation->int operation) SEEK_SET
                    0 0                           ;whole file
                    0)

      ;; XXX: 'fcntl' is a vararg function, but here we happily use the
      ;; standard ABI; crossing fingers.
      (let-values (((ret err)
                    (proc fd
                          (if wait?
                              F_SETLKW            ;lock & wait
                              F_SETLK)            ;non-blocking attempt
                          (bytevector->pointer bv))))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          ;; Presumably we got EAGAIN or so.
          (throw 'flock-error err))))))

(define* (lock-file file #:optional (mode "w0")
                    #:key (wait? #t))
  "Wait and acquire an exclusive lock on FILE.  Return an open port according
to MODE."
  (let ((port (open-file file mode)))
    (fcntl-flock port
                 (if (output-port? port) 'write-lock 'read-lock)
                 #:wait? wait?)
    port))

(define (unlock-file port)
  "Unlock PORT, a port returned by 'lock-file', and close it."
  (fcntl-flock port 'unlock)
  (close-port port)
  #t)

(define (call-with-file-lock file thunk)
  (let ((port #f))
    (dynamic-wind
      (lambda ()
        (set! port
          (catch 'system-error
            (lambda ()
              (lock-file file))
            (lambda args
              ;; When using the statically-linked Guile in the initrd,
              ;; 'fcntl-flock' returns ENOSYS unconditionally.  Ignore
              ;; that error since we're typically the only process running
              ;; at this point.
              (if (= ENOSYS (system-error-errno args))
                  #f
                  (apply throw args))))))
      thunk
      (lambda ()
        (when port
          (unlock-file port)
          (delete-file file))))))

(define (call-with-file-lock/no-wait file thunk handler)
  (let ((port #f))
    (dynamic-wind
      (lambda ()
        (set! port
          (catch #t
            (lambda ()
              (lock-file file #:wait? #f))
            (lambda (key . args)
              (match key
                ('flock-error
                 (apply handler args)
                 ;; No open port to the lock, so return #f.
                 #f)
                ('system-error
                 ;; When using the statically-linked Guile in the initrd,
                 ;; 'fcntl-flock' returns ENOSYS unconditionally.  Ignore
                 ;; that error since we're typically the only process running
                 ;; at this point.
                 (if (= ENOSYS (system-error-errno (cons key args)))
                     #f
                     (apply throw key args)))
                (_ (apply throw key args)))))))
      thunk
      (lambda ()
        (when port
          (unlock-file port)
          (delete-file file))))))

(define-syntax-rule (with-file-lock file exp ...)
  "Wait to acquire a lock on FILE and evaluate EXP in that context."
  (call-with-file-lock file (lambda () exp ...)))

(define-syntax-rule (with-file-lock/no-wait file handler exp ...)
  "Try to acquire a lock on FILE and evaluate EXP in that context.  Execute
handler if the lock is already held by another process."
  (call-with-file-lock/no-wait file (lambda () exp ...) handler))

\f
;;;
;;; Miscellaneous, aka. 'prctl'.
;;;

(define %prctl
  ;; Should it win the API contest against 'ioctl'?  You tell us!
  (syscall->procedure int "prctl"
                      (list int unsigned-long unsigned-long
                            unsigned-long unsigned-long)))

(define PR_SET_NAME 15)                           ;<linux/prctl.h>
(define PR_GET_NAME 16)
(define PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER 36)

(define (set-child-subreaper!)
  "Set the CHILD_SUBREAPER capability for the current process."
  (%prctl PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER 1 0 0 0))

(define %max-thread-name-length
  ;; Maximum length in bytes of the process name, including the terminating
  ;; zero.
  16)

(define (set-thread-name!/linux name)
  "Set the name of the calling thread to NAME.  NAME is truncated to 15
bytes."
  (let ((ptr (string->pointer name)))
    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%prctl PR_SET_NAME
                          (pointer-address ptr) 0 0 0)))
      (unless (zero? ret)
        (throw 'set-process-name "set-process-name"
               "set-process-name: ~A"
               (list (strerror err))
               (list err))))))

(define (thread-name/linux)
  "Return the name of the calling thread as a string."
  (let ((buf (make-bytevector %max-thread-name-length)))
    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%prctl PR_GET_NAME
                          (pointer-address (bytevector->pointer buf))
                          0 0 0)))
      (if (zero? ret)
          (bytes->string (bytevector->u8-list buf))
          (throw 'process-name "process-name"
                 "process-name: ~A"
                 (list (strerror err))
                 (list err))))))

(define set-thread-name
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      set-thread-name!/linux
      (const #f)))

(define thread-name
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      thread-name/linux
      (const "")))

\f
;;;
;;; Network interfaces.
;;;

(define SIOCGIFCONF                               ;from <bits/ioctls.h>
                                                  ;     <net/if.h>
                                                  ;     <hurd/ioctl.h>
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      #x8912                                      ;GNU/Linux
      #xf00801a4))                                ;GNU/Hurd
(define SIOCGIFFLAGS
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      #x8913                                      ;GNU/Linux
      #xc4804191))                                ;GNU/Hurd
(define SIOCSIFFLAGS
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      #x8914                                      ;GNU/Linux
      #x84804190))                                ;GNU/Hurd
(define SIOCGIFADDR
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      #x8915                                      ;GNU/Linux
      #xc08401a1))                                ;GNU/Hurd
(define SIOCSIFADDR
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      #x8916                                      ;GNU/Linux
      #x8084018c))                                ;GNU/Hurd
(define SIOCGIFNETMASK
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      #x891b                                      ;GNU/Linux
      #xc08401a5))                                ;GNU/Hurd
(define SIOCSIFNETMASK
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      #x891c                                      ;GNU/Linux
      #x80840196))                                ;GNU/Hurd
(define SIOCADDRT
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      #x890B                                      ;GNU/Linux
      -1))                                        ;FIXME: GNU/Hurd?
(define SIOCDELRT
  (if (string-contains %host-type "linux")
      #x890C                                      ;GNU/Linux
      -1))                                        ;FIXME: GNU/Hurd?

;; Flags and constants from <net/if.h>.

(define-as-needed IFF_UP #x1)                     ;Interface is up
(define-as-needed IFF_BROADCAST #x2)              ;Broadcast address valid.
(define-as-needed IFF_LOOPBACK #x8)               ;Is a loopback net.
(define-as-needed IFF_RUNNING #x40)               ;interface RFC2863 OPER_UP
(define-as-needed IFF_NOARP #x80)                 ;ARP disabled or unsupported

(define IF_NAMESIZE 16)                           ;maximum interface name size

(define-c-struct %ifconf-struct
  sizeof-ifconf
  list
  read-ifconf
  write-ifconf!
  (length  int)                                   ;int ifc_len
  (request '*))                                   ;struct ifreq *ifc_ifcu

(define ifreq-struct-size
  ;; 'struct ifreq' begins with an array of IF_NAMESIZE bytes containing the
  ;; interface name (nul-terminated), followed by a bunch of stuff.  This is
  ;; its size in bytes.
  (if (= 8 (sizeof '*))
      40
      32))

(define-c-struct sockaddr-in/linux                ;<linux/in.h>
  sizeof-sockaddr-in/linux
  (lambda (family port address)
    (make-socket-address family address port))
  read-sockaddr-in/linux
  write-sockaddr-in!/linux
  (family    unsigned-short)
  (port      (int16 ~ big))
  (address   (int32 ~ big)))

(define-c-struct sockaddr-in/hurd                 ;<netinet/in.h>
  sizeof-sockaddr-in/hurd
  (lambda (len family port address zero)
    (make-socket-address family address port))
  read-sockaddr-in/hurd
  write-sockaddr-in!/hurd
  (len       uint8)
  (family    uint8)
  (port      (int16 ~ big))
  (address   (int32 ~ big))
  (zero      (array uint8 8)))

(define-c-struct sockaddr-in6/linux               ;<linux/in6.h>
  sizeof-sockaddr-in6/linux
  (lambda (family port flowinfo address scopeid)
    (make-socket-address family address port flowinfo scopeid))
  read-sockaddr-in6/linux
  write-sockaddr-in6!/linux
  (family    unsigned-short)
  (port      (int16 ~ big))
  (flowinfo  (int32 ~ big))
  (address   (int128 ~ big))
  (scopeid   int32))

(define-c-struct sockaddr-in6/hurd                ;<netinet/in.h>
  sizeof-sockaddr-in6/hurd
  (lambda (len family port flowinfo address scopeid)
    (make-socket-address family address port flowinfo scopeid))
  read-sockaddr-in6/hurd
  write-sockaddr-in6!/hurd
  (len       uint8)
  (family    uint8)
  (port      (int16 ~ big))
  (flowinfo  (int32 ~ big))
  (address   (int128 ~ big))
  (scopeid   int32))

(define (write-socket-address!/linux sockaddr bv index)
  "Write SOCKADDR, a socket address as returned by 'make-socket-address', to
bytevector BV at INDEX."
  (let ((family (sockaddr:fam sockaddr)))
    (cond ((= family AF_INET)
           (write-sockaddr-in!/linux bv index
                                     family
                                     (sockaddr:port sockaddr)
                                     (sockaddr:addr sockaddr)))
          ((= family AF_INET6)
           (write-sockaddr-in6!/linux bv index
                                      family
                                      (sockaddr:port sockaddr)
                                      (sockaddr:flowinfo sockaddr)
                                      (sockaddr:addr sockaddr)
                                      (sockaddr:scopeid sockaddr)))
          (else
           (error "unsupported socket address" sockaddr)))))

(define (write-socket-address!/hurd sockaddr bv index)
  "Write SOCKADDR, a socket address as returned by 'make-socket-address', to
bytevector BV at INDEX."
  (let ((family (sockaddr:fam sockaddr)))
    (cond ((= family AF_INET)
           (write-sockaddr-in!/hurd bv index
                                    sizeof-sockaddr-in/hurd
                                    family
                                    (sockaddr:port sockaddr)
                                    (sockaddr:addr sockaddr)
                                    '(0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0)))
          ((= family AF_INET6)
           (write-sockaddr-in6!/hurd bv index
                                     sizeof-sockaddr-in6/hurd
                                     family
                                     (sockaddr:port sockaddr)
                                     (sockaddr:flowinfo sockaddr)
                                     (sockaddr:addr sockaddr)
                                     (sockaddr:scopeid sockaddr)))
          (else
           (error "unsupported socket address" sockaddr)))))

(define write-socket-address!
  (if linux?
      write-socket-address!/linux
      write-socket-address!/hurd))

(define PF_PACKET 17)                             ;<bits/socket.h>
(define AF_PACKET PF_PACKET)

(define* (read-socket-address/linux bv #:optional (index 0))
  "Read a socket address from bytevector BV at INDEX."
  (let ((family (bytevector-u16-native-ref bv index)))
    (cond ((= family AF_INET)
           (read-sockaddr-in/linux bv index))
          ((= family AF_INET6)
           (read-sockaddr-in6/linux bv index))
          (else
           ;; XXX: Unsupported address family, such as AF_PACKET.  Return a
           ;; vector such that the vector can at least call 'sockaddr:fam'.
           (vector family)))))

(define* (read-socket-address/hurd bv #:optional (index 0))
  "Read a socket address from bytevector BV at INDEX."
  (let ((family (bytevector-u16-native-ref bv index)))
    (cond ((= family AF_INET)
           (read-sockaddr-in/hurd bv index))
          ((= family AF_INET6)
           (read-sockaddr-in6/hurd bv index))
          (else
           ;; XXX: Unsupported address family, such as AF_PACKET.  Return a
           ;; vector such that the vector can at least call 'sockaddr:fam'.
           (vector family)))))

(define read-socket-address
  (if linux?
      read-socket-address/linux
      read-socket-address/hurd))

(define %ioctl
  ;; The most terrible interface, live from Scheme.
  (syscall->procedure int "ioctl" (list int unsigned-long '*)))

(define (bytes->string bytes)
  "Read BYTES, a list of bytes, and return the null-terminated string decoded
from there, or #f if that would be an empty string."
  (match (take-while (negate zero?) bytes)
    (()
     #f)
    (non-zero
     (list->string (map integer->char non-zero)))))

(define (bytevector->string-list bv stride len)
  "Return the null-terminated strings found in BV every STRIDE bytes.  Read at
most LEN bytes from BV."
  (let loop ((bytes  (take (bytevector->u8-list bv)
                           (min len (bytevector-length bv))))
             (result '()))
    (match bytes
      (()
       (reverse result))
      (_
       (loop (drop bytes stride)
             (cons (bytes->string bytes) result))))))

(define* (network-interface-names #:optional sock)
  "Return the names of existing network interfaces.  This is typically limited
to interfaces that are currently up."
  (let* ((close? (not sock))
         (sock   (or sock (socket SOCK_STREAM AF_INET 0)))
         (len    (* ifreq-struct-size 10))
         (reqs   (make-bytevector len))
         (conf   (make-bytevector sizeof-ifconf)))
    (write-ifconf! conf 0
                   len (bytevector->pointer reqs))

    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%ioctl (fileno sock) SIOCGIFCONF
                          (bytevector->pointer conf))))
      (when close?
        (close-port sock))
      (if (zero? ret)
          (bytevector->string-list reqs ifreq-struct-size
                                   (match (read-ifconf conf)
                                     ((len . _) len)))
          (throw 'system-error "network-interface-list"
                 "network-interface-list: ~A"
                 (list (strerror err))
                 (list err))))))

(define %interface-line
  ;; Regexp matching an interface line in Linux's /proc/net/dev.
  (make-regexp "^[[:blank:]]*([[:graph:]]+):.*$"))

(define (all-network-interface-names)
  "Return all the names of the registered network interfaces, including those
that are not up."
  (call-with-input-file "/proc/net/dev"           ;XXX: Linux-specific
    (lambda (port)
      (let loop ((interfaces '()))
        (let ((line (read-line port)))
          (cond ((eof-object? line)
                 (reverse interfaces))
                ((regexp-exec %interface-line line)
                 =>
                 (lambda (match)
                   (loop (cons (match:substring match 1) interfaces))))
                (else
                 (loop interfaces))))))))

(define-as-needed (network-interface-flags socket name)
  "Return a number that is the bit-wise or of 'IFF*' flags for network
interface NAME."
  (let ((req (make-bytevector ifreq-struct-size)))
    (bytevector-copy! (string->utf8 name) 0 req 0
                      (min (string-length name) (- IF_NAMESIZE 1)))
    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%ioctl (fileno socket) SIOCGIFFLAGS
                          (bytevector->pointer req))))
      (if (zero? ret)

          ;; The 'ifr_flags' field is IF_NAMESIZE bytes after the
          ;; beginning of 'struct ifreq', and it's a short int.
          (bytevector-sint-ref req IF_NAMESIZE (native-endianness)
                               (sizeof short))

          (throw 'system-error "network-interface-flags"
                 "network-interface-flags on ~A: ~A"
                 (list name (strerror err))
                 (list err))))))

(define (loopback-network-interface? name)
  "Return true if NAME designates a loopback network interface."
  (let* ((sock  (socket SOCK_STREAM AF_INET 0))
         (flags (network-interface-flags sock name)))
    (close-port sock)
    (not (zero? (logand flags IFF_LOOPBACK)))))

(define (network-interface-running? name)
  "Return true if NAME designates a running network interface."
  (let* ((sock  (socket SOCK_STREAM AF_INET 0))
         (flags (network-interface-flags sock name)))
    (close-port sock)
    (not (zero? (logand flags IFF_RUNNING)))))

(define (arp-network-interface? name)
  "Return true if NAME supports the Address Resolution Protocol."
  (let* ((sock  (socket SOCK_STREAM AF_INET 0))
         (flags (network-interface-flags sock name)))
    (close-port sock)
    (zero? (logand flags IFF_NOARP))))

(define-as-needed (set-network-interface-flags socket name flags)
  "Set the flag of network interface NAME to FLAGS."
  (let ((req (make-bytevector ifreq-struct-size)))
    (bytevector-copy! (string->utf8 name) 0 req 0
                      (min (string-length name) (- IF_NAMESIZE 1)))
    ;; Set the 'ifr_flags' field.
    (bytevector-uint-set! req IF_NAMESIZE flags (native-endianness)
                          (sizeof short))
    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%ioctl (fileno socket) SIOCSIFFLAGS
                          (bytevector->pointer req))))
      (unless (zero? ret)
        (throw 'system-error "set-network-interface-flags"
               "set-network-interface-flags on ~A: ~A"
               (list name (strerror err))
               (list err))))))

(define-as-needed (set-network-interface-address socket name sockaddr)
  "Set the address of network interface NAME to SOCKADDR."
  (let ((req (make-bytevector ifreq-struct-size)))
    (bytevector-copy! (string->utf8 name) 0 req 0
                      (min (string-length name) (- IF_NAMESIZE 1)))
    ;; Set the 'ifr_addr' field.
    (write-socket-address! sockaddr req IF_NAMESIZE)
    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%ioctl (fileno socket) SIOCSIFADDR
                          (bytevector->pointer req))))
      (unless (zero? ret)
        (throw 'system-error "set-network-interface-address"
               "set-network-interface-address on ~A: ~A"
               (list name (strerror err))
               (list err))))))

(define (set-network-interface-netmask socket name sockaddr)
  "Set the network mask of interface NAME to SOCKADDR."
  (let ((req (make-bytevector ifreq-struct-size)))
    (bytevector-copy! (string->utf8 name) 0 req 0
                      (min (string-length name) (- IF_NAMESIZE 1)))
    ;; Set the 'ifr_addr' field.
    (write-socket-address! sockaddr req IF_NAMESIZE)
    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%ioctl (fileno socket) SIOCSIFNETMASK
                          (bytevector->pointer req))))
      (unless (zero? ret)
        (throw 'system-error "set-network-interface-netmask"
               "set-network-interface-netmask on ~A: ~A"
               (list name (strerror err))
               (list err))))))

(define (network-interface-address socket name)
  "Return the address of network interface NAME.  The result is an object of
the same type as that returned by 'make-socket-address'."
  (let ((req (make-bytevector ifreq-struct-size)))
    (bytevector-copy! (string->utf8 name) 0 req 0
                      (min (string-length name) (- IF_NAMESIZE 1)))
    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%ioctl (fileno socket) SIOCGIFADDR
                          (bytevector->pointer req))))
      (if (zero? ret)
          (read-socket-address req IF_NAMESIZE)
          (throw 'system-error "network-interface-address"
                 "network-interface-address on ~A: ~A"
                 (list name (strerror err))
                 (list err))))))

(define (network-interface-netmask socket name)
  "Return the netmask of network interface NAME.  The result is an object of
the same type as that returned by 'make-socket-address'."
  (let ((req (make-bytevector ifreq-struct-size)))
    (bytevector-copy! (string->utf8 name) 0 req 0
                      (min (string-length name) (- IF_NAMESIZE 1)))
    (let-values (((ret err)
                  (%ioctl (fileno socket) SIOCGIFNETMASK
                          (bytevector->pointer req))))
      (if (zero? ret)
          (read-socket-address req IF_NAMESIZE)
          (throw 'system-error "network-interface-netmask"
                 "network-interface-netmask on ~A: ~A"
                 (list name (strerror err))
                 (list err))))))

(define* (configure-network-interface name sockaddr flags
                                      #:key netmask)
  "Configure network interface NAME to use SOCKADDR, an address as returned by
'make-socket-address', and FLAGS, a bitwise-or of IFF_* constants.  If NETMASK
is true, it must be a socket address to use as the network mask."
  (let ((sock (socket (sockaddr:fam sockaddr) SOCK_STREAM 0)))
    (dynamic-wind
      (const #t)
      (lambda ()
        (set-network-interface-address sock name sockaddr)
        (set-network-interface-flags sock name flags)
        (when netmask
          (set-network-interface-netmask sock name netmask)))
      (lambda ()
        (close-port sock)))))

(define* (set-network-interface-up name
                                   #:key (family AF_INET))
  "Turn up the interface NAME."
  (let ((sock (socket family SOCK_STREAM 0)))
    (dynamic-wind
      (const #t)
      (lambda ()
        (let ((flags (network-interface-flags sock name)))
          (set-network-interface-flags sock name
                                       (logior flags IFF_UP))))
      (lambda ()
        (close-port sock)))))

\f
;;;
;;; Network routes.
;;;

(define-c-struct %rtentry                 ;'struct rtentry' from <net/route.h>
  sizeof-rtentry
  list
  read-rtentry
  write-rtentry!
  (pad1            unsigned-long)
  (destination     (array uint8 16))              ;struct sockaddr
  (gateway         (array uint8 16))              ;struct sockaddr
  (genmask         (array uint8 16))              ;struct sockaddr
  (flags           unsigned-short)
  (pad2            short)
  (pad3            long)
  (tos             uint8)
  (class           uint8)
  (pad4            (array uint8 (if (= 8 (sizeof* '*)) 3 1)))
  (metric          short)
  (device          '*)
  (mtu             unsigned-long)
  (window          unsigned-long)
  (initial-rtt     unsigned-short))

(define RTF_UP #x0001)                     ;'rtentry' flags from <net/route.h>
(define RTF_GATEWAY #x0002)

(define %sockaddr-any
  (make-socket-address AF_INET INADDR_ANY 0))

(define add-network-route/gateway
  ;; To allow field names to be matched as literals, we need to move them out
  ;; of the lambda's body since the parameters have the same name.  A lot of
  ;; fuss for very little.
  (let-syntax ((gateway-offset (identifier-syntax
                                (c-struct-field-offset %rtentry gateway)))
               (destination-offset (identifier-syntax
                                    (c-struct-field-offset %rtentry destination)))
               (genmask-offset (identifier-syntax
                                (c-struct-field-offset %rtentry genmask))))
    (lambda* (socket gateway
                     #:key (destination %sockaddr-any) (genmask %sockaddr-any))
      "Add a network route for DESTINATION (a socket address as returned by
'make-socket-address') that goes through GATEWAY (a socket address).  For
instance, the call:

  (add-network-route/gateway sock
                             (make-socket-address
                               AF_INET
                               (inet-pton AF_INET \"192.168.0.1\")
                               0))

is equivalent to this 'net-tools' command:

  route add -net default gw 192.168.0.1

because the default value of DESTINATION is \"0.0.0.0\"."
      (let ((route (make-bytevector sizeof-rtentry 0)))
        (write-socket-address! gateway route gateway-offset)
        (write-socket-address! destination route destination-offset)
        (write-socket-address! genmask route genmask-offset)
        (bytevector-u16-native-set! route
                                    (c-struct-field-offset %rtentry flags)
                                    (logior RTF_UP RTF_GATEWAY))
        (let-values (((ret err)
                      (%ioctl (fileno socket) SIOCADDRT
                              (bytevector->pointer route))))
          (unless (zero? ret)
            (throw 'system-error "add-network-route/gateway"
                   "add-network-route/gateway: ~A"
                   (list (strerror err))
                   (list err))))))))

(define delete-network-route
  (let-syntax ((destination-offset (identifier-syntax
                                    (c-struct-field-offset %rtentry destination))))
    (lambda* (socket destination)
      "Delete the network route for DESTINATION.  For instance, the call:

  (delete-network-route sock
                        (make-socket-address AF_INET INADDR_ANY 0))

is equivalent to the 'net-tools' command:

  route del -net default
"

      (let ((route (make-bytevector sizeof-rtentry 0)))
        (write-socket-address! destination route destination-offset)
        (let-values (((ret err)
                      (%ioctl (fileno socket) SIOCDELRT
                              (bytevector->pointer route))))
          (unless (zero? ret)
            (throw 'system-error "delete-network-route"
                   "delete-network-route: ~A"
                   (list (strerror err))
                   (list err))))))))

\f
;;;
;;; Details about network interfaces---aka. 'getifaddrs'.
;;;

;; Network interfaces.  XXX: We would call it <network-interface> but that
;; would collide with the ioctl wrappers above.
(define-record-type <interface>
  (make-interface name flags address netmask broadcast-address)
  interface?
  (name              interface-name)               ;string
  (flags             interface-flags)              ;or'd IFF_* values
  (address           interface-address)            ;sockaddr | #f
  (netmask           interface-netmask)            ;sockaddr | #f
  (broadcast-address interface-broadcast-address)) ;sockaddr | #f

(define (write-interface interface port)
  (match interface
    (($ <interface> name flags address)
     (format port "#<interface ~s " name)
     (unless (zero? (logand IFF_UP flags))
       (display "up " port))

     ;; Check whether ADDRESS really is a sockaddr.
     (when address
       (if (member (sockaddr:fam address) (list AF_INET AF_INET6))
           (format port "~a " (inet-ntop (sockaddr:fam address)
                                         (sockaddr:addr address)))
           (format port "family:~a " (sockaddr:fam address))))

     (format port "~a>" (number->string (object-address interface) 16)))))

(set-record-type-printer! <interface> write-interface)

(define (values->interface next name flags address netmask
                           broadcast-address data)
  "Given the raw field values passed as arguments, return a pair whose car is
an <interface> object, and whose cdr is the pointer NEXT."
  (define (maybe-socket-address pointer)
    (if (null-pointer? pointer)
        #f
        (read-socket-address (pointer->bytevector pointer 50)))) ;XXX: size

  (cons (make-interface (if (null-pointer? name)
                            #f
                            (pointer->string name))
                        flags
                        (maybe-socket-address address)
                        (maybe-socket-address netmask)
                        (maybe-socket-address broadcast-address)
                        ;; Ignore DATA.
                        )
        next))

(define-c-struct ifaddrs                          ;<ifaddrs.h>
  %sizeof-ifaddrs
  values->interface
  read-ifaddrs
  write-ifaddrs!
  (next          '*)
  (name          '*)
  (flags         unsigned-int)
  (addr          '*)
  (netmask       '*)
  (broadcastaddr '*)
  (data          '*))

(define (unfold-interface-list ptr)
  "Call 'read-ifaddrs' on PTR and all its 'next' fields, recursively, and
return the list of resulting <interface> objects."
  (let loop ((ptr    ptr)
             (result '()))
    (if (null-pointer? ptr)
        (reverse result)
        (match (read-ifaddrs (pointer->bytevector ptr %sizeof-ifaddrs))
          ((ifaddr . ptr)
           (loop ptr (cons ifaddr result)))))))

(define network-interfaces
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "getifaddrs" (list '*))))
    (lambda ()
      "Return a list of <interface> objects, each denoting a configured
network interface.  This is implemented using the 'getifaddrs' libc function."
      (let*-values (((ptr)
                     (bytevector->pointer (make-bytevector (sizeof* '*))))
                    ((ret err)
                     (proc ptr)))
        (if (zero? ret)
            (let* ((ptr    (dereference-pointer ptr))
                   (result (unfold-interface-list ptr)))
              (free-ifaddrs ptr)
              result)
            (throw 'system-error "network-interfaces" "~A"
                   (list (strerror err))
                   (list err)))))))

(define free-ifaddrs
  (syscall->procedure void "freeifaddrs" '(*)))

\f
;;;
;;; Terminals.
;;;

(define-syntax bits->symbols-body
  (syntax-rules ()
    ((_ bits () ())
     '())
    ((_ bits (name names ...) (value values ...))
     (let ((result (bits->symbols-body bits (names ...) (values ...))))
       (if (zero? (logand bits value))
           result
           (cons 'name result))))))

(define-syntax define-bits
  (syntax-rules (define)
    "Define the given numerical constants under CONSTRUCTOR, such that
 (CONSTRUCTOR NAME) returns VALUE.  Define BITS->SYMBOLS as a procedure that,
given an integer, returns the list of names of the constants that are or'd."
    ((_ constructor bits->symbols (define names values) ...)
     (begin
       (define-syntax constructor
         (syntax-rules (names ...)
           ((_) 0)
           ((_ names) values) ...
           ((_ first rest (... ...))
            (logior (constructor first) rest (... ...)))))
       (define (bits->symbols bits)
         (bits->symbols-body bits (names ...) (values ...)))))))

;; 'local-flags' bits from <bits/termios.h>
(define-bits local-flags
  local-flags->symbols
 (define ISIG #o0000001)
 (define ICANON #o0000002)
 (define XCASE #o0000004)
 (define ECHO #o0000010)
 (define ECHOE #o0000020)
 (define ECHOK #o0000040)
 (define ECHONL #o0000100)
 (define NOFLSH #o0000200)
 (define TOSTOP #o0000400)
 (define ECHOCTL #o0001000)
 (define ECHOPRT #o0002000)
 (define ECHOKE #o0004000)
 (define FLUSHO #o0010000)
 (define PENDIN #o0040000)
 (define IEXTEN #o0100000)
 (define EXTPROC #o0200000))

(define-bits input-flags
  input-flags->symbols
  (define IGNBRK #o0000001)
  (define BRKINT #o0000002)
  (define IGNPAR #o0000004)
  (define PARMRK #o0000010)
  (define INPCK #o0000020)
  (define ISTRIP #o0000040)
  (define INLCR #o0000100)
  (define IGNCR #o0000200)
  (define ICRNL #o0000400)
  (define IUCLC #o0001000)
  (define IXON #o0002000)
  (define IXANY #o0004000)
  (define IXOFF #o0010000)
  (define IMAXBEL #o0020000)
  (define IUTF8 #o0040000))

;; "Actions" values for 'tcsetattr'.
(define-bits tcsetattr-action
  %unused-tcsetattr-action->symbols
  (define TCSANOW  0)
  (define TCSADRAIN 1)
  (define TCSAFLUSH 2))

(define-record-type <termios>
  (termios input-flags output-flags control-flags local-flags
           line-discipline control-chars
           input-speed output-speed)
  termios?
  (input-flags      termios-input-flags)
  (output-flags     termios-output-flags)
  (control-flags    termios-control-flags)
  (local-flags      termios-local-flags)
  (line-discipline  termios-line-discipline)
  (control-chars    termios-control-chars)
  (input-speed      termios-input-speed)
  (output-speed     termios-output-speed))

(define-c-struct %termios                         ;<bits/termios.h>
  sizeof-termios
  termios
  read-termios
  write-termios!
  (input-flags      unsigned-int)
  (output-flags     unsigned-int)
  (control-flags    unsigned-int)
  (local-flags      unsigned-int)
  (line-discipline  uint8)
  (control-chars    (array uint8 32))
  (input-speed      unsigned-int)
  (output-speed     unsigned-int))

(define tcgetattr
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "tcgetattr" (list int '*))))
    (lambda (fd)
      "Return the <termios> structure for the tty at FD."
      (let*-values (((bv)      (make-bytevector sizeof-termios))
                    ((ret err) (proc fd (bytevector->pointer bv))))
        (if (zero? ret)
            (read-termios bv)
            (throw 'system-error "tcgetattr" "~A"
                   (list (strerror err))
                   (list err)))))))

(define tcsetattr
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "tcsetattr" (list int int '*))))
    (lambda (fd actions termios)
      "Use TERMIOS for the tty at FD.  ACTIONS is one of of the values
produced by 'tcsetattr-action'; see tcsetattr(3) for details."
      (define bv
        (make-bytevector sizeof-termios))

      (let-syntax ((match/write (syntax-rules ()
                                  ((_ fields ...)
                                   (match termios
                                     (($ <termios> fields ...)
                                      (write-termios! bv 0 fields ...)))))))
        (match/write input-flags output-flags control-flags local-flags
                     line-discipline control-chars input-speed output-speed))

      (let-values (((ret err) (proc fd actions (bytevector->pointer bv))))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "tcgetattr" "~A"
                 (list (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))

(define-syntax TIOCGWINSZ                         ;<asm-generic/ioctls.h>
  (identifier-syntax #x5413))

(define-record-type <window-size>
  (window-size rows columns x-pixels y-pixels)
  window-size?
  (rows     window-size-rows)
  (columns  window-size-columns)
  (x-pixels window-size-x-pixels)
  (y-pixels window-size-y-pixels))

(define-c-struct winsize                          ;<bits/ioctl-types.h>
  sizeof-winsize
  window-size
  read-winsize
  write-winsize!
  (rows          unsigned-short)
  (columns       unsigned-short)
  (x-pixels      unsigned-short)
  (y-pixels      unsigned-short))

(define* (terminal-window-size #:optional (port (current-output-port)))
  "Return a <window-size> structure describing the terminal at PORT, or raise
a 'system-error' if PORT is not backed by a terminal.  This procedure
corresponds to the TIOCGWINSZ ioctl."
  (let*-values (((size)    (make-bytevector sizeof-winsize))
                ((ret err) (%ioctl (fileno port) TIOCGWINSZ
                                   (bytevector->pointer size))))
    (if (zero? ret)
        (read-winsize size)
        (throw 'system-error "terminal-window-size" "~A"
               (list (strerror err))
               (list err)))))

(define (terminal-dimension window-dimension port fall-back)
  "Return the terminal dimension defined by WINDOW-DIMENSION, one of
'window-size-columns' or 'window-size-rows' for PORT.  If PORT does not
correspond to a terminal, return the value returned by FALL-BACK."
  (catch 'system-error
    (lambda ()
      (if (file-port? port)
          (match (window-dimension (terminal-window-size port))
            ;; Things like Emacs shell-mode return 0, which is unreasonable.
            (0 (fall-back))
            ((? number? n) n))
          (fall-back)))
    (lambda args
      (let ((errno (system-error-errno args)))
        ;; ENOTTY is what we're after but 2012-and-earlier Linux versions
        ;; would return EINVAL instead in some cases:
        ;; <https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/10494>.
        ;; Furthermore, some FUSE file systems like unionfs return ENOSYS for
        ;; that ioctl.
        (if (memv errno (list ENOTTY EINVAL ENOSYS))
            (fall-back)
            (apply throw args))))))

(define* (terminal-columns #:optional (port (current-output-port)))
  "Return the best approximation of the number of columns of the terminal at
PORT, trying to guess a reasonable value if all else fails.  The result is
always a positive integer."
  (define (fall-back)
    (match (and=> (getenv "COLUMNS") string->number)
      (#f 80)
      ((? number? columns)
       (if (> columns 0) columns 80))))

  (terminal-dimension window-size-columns port fall-back))

(define* (terminal-rows #:optional (port (current-output-port)))
  "Return the best approximation of the number of rows of the terminal at
PORT, trying to guess a reasonable value if all else fails.  The result is
always a positive integer."
  (terminal-dimension window-size-rows port (const 25)))

(define terminal-string-width
  (let ((mbstowcs (and=> (false-if-exception
                          (dynamic-func "mbstowcs" (dynamic-link)))
                         (cute pointer->procedure int <> (list '* '* size_t))))
        (wcswidth (and=> (false-if-exception
                          (dynamic-func "wcswidth" (dynamic-link)))
                         (cute pointer->procedure int <> (list '* size_t)))))
    (if (and mbstowcs wcswidth)
        (lambda (str)
          "Return the width of a string as it would be printed on the terminal.
This procedure accounts for characters that have a different width than 1, such
as CJK double-width characters."
          (let ((wchar (make-bytevector (* (+ (string-length str) 1) 4))))
            (mbstowcs (bytevector->pointer wchar)
                      (string->pointer str)
                      (string-length str))
            (wcswidth (bytevector->pointer wchar)
                      (string-length str))))
        string-length)))                      ;using a statically-linked Guile

(define openpty
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure int "openpty" '(* * * * *)
                                  #:library "libutil")))
    (lambda ()
      "Return two file descriptors: one for the pseudo-terminal control side,
and one for the controlled side."
      (let ((head     (make-bytevector (sizeof int)))
            (inferior (make-bytevector (sizeof int))))
        (let-values (((ret err)
                      (proc (bytevector->pointer head)
                            (bytevector->pointer inferior)
                            %null-pointer %null-pointer %null-pointer)))
          (unless (zero? ret)
            (throw 'system-error "openpty" "~A"
                   (list (strerror err))
                   (list err))))

        (let ((* (lambda (bv)
                   (bytevector-sint-ref bv 0 (native-endianness)
                                        (sizeof int)))))
          (values (* head) (* inferior)))))))

(define login-tty
  (let* ((proc (syscall->procedure int "login_tty" (list int)
                                   #:library "libutil")))
    (lambda (fd)
      "Make FD the controlling terminal of the current process (with the
TIOCSCTTY ioctl), redirect standard input, standard output and standard error
output to this terminal, and close FD."
      (let-values (((ret err) (proc fd)))
        (unless (zero? ret)
          (throw 'system-error "login-pty" "~A"
                 (list (strerror err))
                 (list err)))))))

\f
;;;
;;; utmpx.
;;;

(define-record-type <utmpx-entry>
  (utmpx type pid line id user host termination exit
         session time address)
  utmpx?
  (type           utmpx-login-type)               ;login-type
  (pid            utmpx-pid)
  (line           utmpx-line)                     ;device name
  (id             utmpx-id)
  (user           utmpx-user)                     ;user name
  (host           utmpx-host)                     ;host name | #f
  (termination    utmpx-termination-status)
  (exit           utmpx-exit-status)
  (session        utmpx-session-id)               ;session ID, for windowing
  (time           utmpx-time)                     ;entry time
  (address        utmpx-address))

(define-c-struct %utmpx                           ;<utmpx.h>
  sizeof-utmpx
  (lambda (type pid line id user host termination exit session
                seconds useconds address %reserved)
    (utmpx type pid
           (bytes->string line) id
           (bytes->string user)
           (bytes->string host) termination exit
           session
           (make-time time-utc (* 1000 useconds) seconds)
           address))
  read-utmpx
  write-utmpx!
  (type           short)
  (pid            int)
  (line           (array uint8 32))
  (id             (array uint8 4))
  (user           (array uint8 32))
  (host           (array uint8 256))
  (termination    short)
  (exit           short)
  (session        int32)
  (time-seconds   int32)
  (time-useconds  int32)
  (address-v6     (array int32 4))
  (%reserved      (array uint8 20)))

(define-bits login-type
  %unused-login-type->symbols
  (define EMPTY 0)                      ;No valid user accounting information.
  (define RUN_LVL 1)                    ;The system's runlevel.
  (define BOOT_TIME 2)                  ;Time of system boot.
  (define NEW_TIME 3)                   ;Time after system clock changed.
  (define OLD_TIME 4)                   ;Time when system clock changed.

  (define INIT_PROCESS 5)                ;Process spawned by the init process.
  (define LOGIN_PROCESS 6)               ;Session leader of a logged in user.
  (define USER_PROCESS 7)                ;Normal process.
  (define DEAD_PROCESS 8)                ;Terminated process.

  (define ACCOUNTING 9))                 ;System accounting.

(define setutxent
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure void "setutxent" '())))
    (lambda ()
      "Open the user accounting database."
      (proc))))

(define endutxent
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure void "endutxent" '())))
    (lambda ()
      "Close the user accounting database."
      (proc))))

(define getutxent
  (let ((proc (syscall->procedure '* "getutxent" '())))
    (lambda ()
      "Return the next entry from the user accounting database."
      (let ((ptr (proc)))
        (if (null-pointer? ptr)
            #f
            (read-utmpx (pointer->bytevector ptr sizeof-utmpx)))))))

(define (utmpx-entries)
  "Return the list of entries read from the user accounting database."
  (setutxent)
  (let loop ((entries '()))
    (match (getutxent)
      (#f
       (endutxent)
       (reverse entries))
      ((? utmpx? entry)
       (loop (cons entry entries))))))

(define (read-utmpx-from-port port)
  "Read a utmpx entry from PORT.  Return either the EOF object or a utmpx
entry."
  (match (get-bytevector-n port sizeof-utmpx)
    ((? eof-object? eof)
     eof)
    ((? bytevector? bv)
     (read-utmpx bv))))

;;; syscalls.scm ends here