Maybe you could use the C compiler instead of C++, or you could include the c libraries you need. try these options:
----
#+begin_src C :var somedata=somedata
----
#+begin_src C++ :var somedata=somedata :includes '(<cstring> <stdlib.h> <cstdio>)

On Mon, Jun 22, 2020 at 8:56 PM Naoya Yamashita <conao3@gmail.com> wrote:
Hi! I'm Naoya. This is the first mail to this ML.

First, thank you for developing such awesome packages!

I found ob-C sample[1] is not working for me, I report that to this ML.

[1]: https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/languages/ob-doc-C.org.html

## Repro step
1. Require org and ob-C.
2. Write below in some org buffer.
```org
#+tblname: somedata
| nb    | sqr | noise |
|-------+-----+-------|
| zero  |   0 |  0.23 |
| one   |   1 |  1.31 |
| two   |   4 |  4.61 |
| three |   9 |  9.05 |
| four  |  16 | 16.55 |

#+name: c-table
#+header: :exports results
#+begin_src C++ :var somedata=somedata
  int main()
  {
    for (int i=0; i<somedata_rows; i++) {
      printf ("%2d %7s ", i, somedata_h(i,"nb"));
      for (int j=1; j<somedata_cols; j++) {
        const char* cell = somedata[i][j];
        printf ("%5s %5g ", cell, 1000*atof(cell));
      }
      printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
  }
#+end_src
```
3. Babel src block via C-c C-c.
4. Error occurred.  I get below error output
```
/tmp/babel-kMPbac/C-src-KDQDdx.cpp: In function ‘int get_column_num(int, const char**, const char*)’:
/tmp/babel-kMPbac/C-src-KDQDdx.cpp:17:9: error: ‘strcmp’ was not declared in this scope
   17 |     if (strcmp(header[c],column)==0)
      |         ^~~~~~
/tmp/babel-kMPbac/C-src-KDQDdx.cpp:1:1: note: ‘strcmp’ is defined in header ‘<cstring>’; did you forget to ‘#include <cstring>’?
  +++ |+#include <cstring>
    1 |
/tmp/babel-kMPbac/C-src-KDQDdx.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
/tmp/babel-kMPbac/C-src-KDQDdx.cpp:27:5: error: ‘printf’ was not declared in this scope
   27 |     printf ("%2d %7s ", i, somedata_h(i,"nb"));
      |     ^~~~~~
/tmp/babel-kMPbac/C-src-KDQDdx.cpp:1:1: note: ‘printf’ is defined in header ‘<cstdio>’; did you forget to ‘#include <cstdio>’?
  +++ |+#include <cstdio>
    1 |
/tmp/babel-kMPbac/C-src-KDQDdx.cpp:30:38: error: ‘atof’ was not declared in this scope
   30 |       printf ("%5s %5g ", cell, 1000*atof(cell));
      |                                      ^~~~
zsh:1: permission denied: /tmp/babel-kMPbac/C-bin-EfCzWt
```

## Some note
- These errors caused because a lack to include some library.
  - Add some include statement generate and insert it in `org-babel-C-utility-header-to-C`?
  - Add new option for a user preamble and insert it in `org-babel-C-expand-C`?

Regards,