Problem solved by uncommenting the "[NO-DEFAULT-PACKAGES]" and "[EXTRA]" 
parts (see elisp part below) in the emacs lisp initialisation of .emacs.

Am Mittwoch, 1. Oktober 2014, 02:29:23 schrieb Martin Weigele:
> That is exactly the problem, Rasmus... I am lost in the complexity of object
> and metalevels and don't really know where to start reducing it. Except for
> the naughty monster urls everything else works fine. Thanks anyway. :)
> 
> Good night, Martin
> 
> Am Mittwoch, 1. Oktober 2014, 02:20:45 schrieb Rasmus:
> > Martin Weigele <martin@weigele.de> writes:
> > > There you go. Thx.
> > 
> > Please send a minimal example that displays the undesired behavior :)
> > 
> > > #+TITLE: Blah
> > > #+AUTHOR: Me und Du
> > > 
> > > #+OPTIONS:   H:20
> > > #+LATEX_CLASS: scrbook
> > > 
> > > #+LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS:
> > > [paper=17cm:22cm,DIV=calc,BCOR=12mm,titlepage,11pt,scrhack]
> > > 
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage[english,ngerman]{babel}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:\usepackage{
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:  fixltx2e  % Verbessert einige Kernkompetenzen von
> > > LaTeX2e
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:\usepackage{%
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:  ellipsis, % Korrigiert den Weißraum um
> > > Auslassungspunkte
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:  ragged2e, % Ermöglicht Flattersatz mit Silbentrennung
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: marginnote,% Für bessere Randnotizen mit \marginnote
> > > statt
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:            % \marginline
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:\usepackage[tracking=true]{microtype}%
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:            % Microtype ist einfach super, aber lesen Sie
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:            % unbedingt die Anleitung um das Folgende zu
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:            % verstehen.
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathptmx, enumerate,
> > > setspace,alnumsec}\alnumsecstyle{LRald}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \pagenumbering{roman}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage[hyphens]{url}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{pdfpages}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{graphics, color}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{xcolor}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{graphicx, latexsym, keyval, ifthen,
> > > moreverb}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{gnuplottex}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{tikz}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \usepackage{gnuplot-lua-tikz}
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER: \hypersetup{
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:  breaklinks=true,
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:  pdfkeywords={},
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:  pdfsubject={},
> > > #+LATEX_HEADER:  pdfcreator={Emacs Org-mode version }}
> > > 
> > > #+TEXT: [TABLE-OF-CONTENTS]
> > > 
> > > -----------------------------
> > > 
> > > (require 'package)
> > > (add-to-list 'package-archives '("org" . "http://orgmode.org/elpa/") t)
> > > (require 'ox-odt)
> > > (require 'org-latex)
> > > (setq org-export-latex-listings t)
> > > (add-to-list 'org-latex-classes
> > > 
> > >              '("scrartcl"
> > >              
> > >                "\\documentclass{scrartcl}"
> > > 
> > > ;;                 [NO-DEFAULT-PACKAGES]
> > > ;;                 [EXTRA]"
> > > 
> > >                ("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
> > >                ("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
> > >                ("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}")
> > >                ("\\paragraph{%s}" . "\\paragraph*{%s}")
> > >                ("\\subparagraph{%s}" . "\\subparagraph*{%s}")))
> > > 
> > > (add-to-list 'org-latex-classes
> > > 
> > > 	     '("scrbook"
> > > 	     
> > >                "\\documentclass{scrbook}"
> > > 
> > > ;;                 [NO-DEFAULT-PACKAGES]
> > > ;;                 [EXTRA]"
> > > 
> > > 	       ("\\chapter{%s}" . "\\chapter*{%s}")
> > > 	       
> > >                ("\\section{%s}" . "\\section*{%s}")
> > >                ("\\subsection{%s}" . "\\subsection*{%s}")
> > >                ("\\subsubsection{%s}" . "\\subsubsection*{%s}")
> > >                ("\\paragraph{%s}" . "\\paragraph*{%s}")
> > >                ("\\subparagraph{%s}" . "\\subparagraph*{%s}")))
> > > 
> > > ;; active Babel languages
> > > (org-babel-do-load-languages
> > > 
> > >  'org-babel-load-languages
> > >  '((gnuplot . t)))
> > > 
> > > ;; add additional languages with '((language . t)))
> > > (custom-set-variables
> > > 
> > >  ;; custom-set-variables was added by Custom.
> > >  ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
> > >  ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
> > >  ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
> > >  '(org-latex-with-hyperref nil))
> > > 
> > > (custom-set-faces
> > > 
> > >  ;; custom-set-faces was added by Custom.
> > >  ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
> > >  ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
> > >  ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
> > >  )
> > > 
> > > ----------------------------------------------------
> > > 
> > > Am Mittwoch, 1. Oktober 2014, 02:04:34 schrieb Rasmus:
> > >> Martin Weigele <martin@weigele.de> writes:
> > >> > Hi Rasmus, thank you very much, Wasn't really aware of texdoc
> > >> > <package>
> > >> > this is great. A lot improvement since the old days... :)
> > >> 
> > >> TL is astonishing software.
> > >>