Update default Golang version on go-team branch

[Sharlatan Hellseher <sharlatanus@gmail.com>]

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Hi Guix!

I had a courage to refresh the default Goang version to build packages
from 1.17 to 1.21 as all version before it are already EoL. After
rebuilt 900+ packages locally I've fixed some failing to build packages.

The packages in golang-build were refresh as well which involve to
rebuild about 1000+ packages depending on them.

The changes are pushed to go-team brunch to check any other failures.

My plan is to continue shifting packages from golang.scm to dedicated
submodules which may boost maintainability of Golang ecosystem.

I'd like to highlight a "feature" of the `go:embedded` build option
which fails to archive during build without this hack:
--8<---------------cut here---------------start------------->8---

          ;; FIXME: Pattern embedded: cannot embed directory embedded:
          ;; contains no embeddable files.
          ;;
          ;; This happens due to Golang can't determine the valid directory of
          ;; the module which is sourced during setup environment phase, but
          ;; easy resolved after coping to expected directory "vendor" within
          ;; the current package, see details in Golang source:
          ;;
          ;; - URL: <https://github.com/golang/go/blob/>
          ;; - commit: 82c14346d89ec0eeca114f9ca0e88516b2cda454
          ;; - file: src/cmd/go/internal/load/pkg.go#L2059
          (add-before 'build 'copy-input-to-vendor-directory
            (lambda* (#:key import-path #:allow-other-keys)
              (with-directory-excursion (string-append "src/" import-path)
                (mkdir "vendor")
                (copy-recursively
                 (string-append
                  #$(this-package-native-input "go-github-com-charmbracelet-glamour")
                  "/src/github.com")
                 "vendor/github.com")
                (copy-recursively
                 (string-append
                  #$(this-package-native-input "go-github-com-alecthomas-chroma-v2")
                  "/src/github.com")
                 "vendor/github.com"))))
          (add-before 'install 'remove-vendor-directory
            (lambda* (#:key import-path #:allow-other-keys)
              (with-directory-excursion (string-append "src/" import-path)
                (delete-file-recursively "vendor")))))))
--8<---------------cut here---------------end--------------->8---

It might need some adjustment to go-build-system.

Related issues:
- https://issues.guix.gnu.org/71011

--
Oleg

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