;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU ;;; Copyright © 2020, 2021, 2022 Mathieu Othacehe ;;; Copyright © 2020 Jan (janneke) Nieuwenhuizen ;;; Copyright © 2022 Pavel Shlyak ;;; Copyright © 2022 Denis 'GNUtoo' Carikli ;;; Copyright © 2022 Alex Griffin ;;; Copyright © 2023 Efraim Flashner ;;; ;;; This file is part of GNU Guix. ;;; ;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it ;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at ;;; your option) any later version. ;;; ;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but ;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ;;; GNU General Public License for more details. ;;; ;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ;;; along with GNU Guix. If not, see . (define-module (gnu system image) #:use-module (guix diagnostics) #:use-module (guix discovery) #:use-module (guix gexp) #:use-module (guix modules) #:use-module (guix monads) #:use-module (guix records) #:use-module (guix store) #:use-module (guix ui) #:use-module (guix utils) #:use-module ((guix self) #:select (make-config.scm)) #:use-module (gnu bootloader) #:use-module (gnu bootloader grub) #:use-module (gnu compression) #:use-module (gnu image) #:use-module (guix platform) #:use-module (gnu services) #:use-module (gnu services base) #:use-module (gnu system) #:use-module (gnu system accounts) #:use-module (gnu system file-systems) #:use-module (gnu system linux-container) #:use-module (gnu system uuid) #:use-module (gnu system vm) #:use-module (guix packages) #:use-module (gnu packages base) #:use-module (gnu packages bash) #:use-module (gnu packages bootloaders) #:use-module (gnu packages cdrom) #:use-module (gnu packages compression) #:use-module (gnu packages disk) #:use-module (gnu packages gawk) #:use-module (gnu packages genimage) #:use-module (gnu packages guile) #:autoload (gnu packages gnupg) (guile-gcrypt) #:use-module (gnu packages hurd) #:use-module (gnu packages linux) #:use-module (gnu packages mtools) #:use-module (gnu packages virtualization) #:use-module ((srfi srfi-1) #:prefix srfi-1:) #:use-module (srfi srfi-11) #:use-module (srfi srfi-26) #:use-module (srfi srfi-34) #:use-module (srfi srfi-35) #:use-module (rnrs bytevectors) #:use-module (ice-9 format) #:use-module (ice-9 match) #:export (root-offset root-label image-without-os esp-partition esp32-partition root-partition mbr-disk-image mbr-hybrid-disk-image efi-disk-image iso9660-image docker-image tarball-image wsl2-image raw-with-offset-disk-image image-with-os mbr-raw-image-type mbr-hybrid-raw-image-type efi-raw-image-type efi32-raw-image-type qcow2-image-type iso-image-type uncompressed-iso-image-type docker-image-type tarball-image-type wsl2-image-type raw-with-offset-image-type image-with-label system-image %image-types lookup-image-type-by-name)) ;;; ;;; Images definitions. ;;; ;; This is the offset before the first partition. GRUB will install itself in ;; this post-MBR gap. (define root-offset (* 512 2048)) ;; Generic root partition label. (define root-label "Guix_image") (define-syntax-rule (image-without-os . fields) "Return an image record with the mandatory operating-system field set to #false. This is useful when creating an image record that will serve as a parent image record." (image (operating-system #false) . fields)) (define esp-partition (partition (size (* 40 (expt 2 20))) (offset root-offset) (label "GNU-ESP") ;cosmetic only ;; Use "vfat" here since this property is used when mounting. The actual ;; FAT-ness is based on file system size (16 in this case). (file-system "vfat") (flags '(esp)) (initializer (gexp initialize-efi-partition)))) (define esp32-partition (partition (inherit esp-partition) (initializer (gexp initialize-efi32-partition)))) (define root-partition (partition (size 'guess) (label root-label) (file-system "ext4") ;; Disable the metadata_csum and 64bit features of ext4, for compatibility ;; with U-Boot. (file-system-options (list "-O" "^metadata_csum,^64bit")) (flags '(boot)) (initializer (gexp initialize-root-partition)))) (define mbr-disk-image (image-without-os (format 'disk-image) (partition-table-type 'mbr) (partitions (list (partition (inherit root-partition) (offset root-offset)))))) (define mbr-hybrid-disk-image (image-without-os (format 'disk-image) (partition-table-type 'mbr) (partitions (list esp-partition root-partition)))) (define efi-disk-image (image-without-os (format 'disk-image) (partition-table-type 'gpt) (partitions (list esp-partition root-partition)))) (define efi32-disk-image (image-without-os (format 'disk-image) (partition-table-type 'gpt) (partitions (list esp32-partition root-partition)))) (define iso9660-image (image-without-os (format 'iso9660) (partitions (list (partition (size 'guess) (label "GUIX_IMAGE") (flags '(boot))))))) (define docker-image (image-without-os (format 'docker))) (define tarball-image (image-without-os (format 'tarball))) (define wsl2-image (image-without-os (format 'wsl2))) (define* (raw-with-offset-disk-image #:optional (offset root-offset)) (image-without-os (format 'disk-image) (partitions (list (partition (inherit root-partition) (offset offset)))) ;; FIXME: Deleting and creating "/var/run" and "/tmp" on the overlayfs ;; fails. (volatile-root? #f))) ;;; ;;; Images types. ;;; (define-syntax-rule (image-with-os base-image os) "Return an image inheriting from BASE-IMAGE, with the operating-system field set to the given OS." (image (inherit base-image) (operating-system os))) (define mbr-raw-image-type (image-type (name 'mbr-raw) (constructor (cut image-with-os mbr-disk-image <>)))) (define mbr-hybrid-raw-image-type (image-type (name 'mbr-hybrid-raw) (constructor (cut image-with-os mbr-hybrid-disk-image <>)))) (define efi-raw-image-type (image-type (name 'efi-raw) (constructor (cut image-with-os efi-disk-image <>)))) (define efi32-raw-image-type (image-type (name 'efi32-raw) (constructor (cut image-with-os efi32-disk-image <>)))) (define qcow2-image-type (image-type (name 'qcow2) (constructor (cut image-with-os (image (inherit mbr-hybrid-disk-image) (name 'image.qcow2) (format 'compressed-qcow2)) <>)))) (define iso-image-type (image-type (name 'iso9660) (constructor (cut image-with-os iso9660-image <>)))) (define uncompressed-iso-image-type (image-type (name 'uncompressed-iso9660) (constructor (cut image-with-os (image (inherit iso9660-image) (compression? #f)) <>)))) (define docker-image-type (image-type (name 'docker) (constructor (cut image-with-os docker-image <>)))) (define tarball-image-type (image-type (name 'tarball) (constructor (cut image-with-os tarball-image <>)))) (define wsl2-image-type (image-type (name 'wsl2) (constructor (cut image-with-os wsl2-image <>)))) (define raw-with-offset-image-type (image-type (name 'raw-with-offset) (constructor (cut image-with-os (raw-with-offset-disk-image) <>)))) ;; ;; Helpers. ;; (define not-config? ;; Select (guix …) and (gnu …) modules, except (guix config). (match-lambda (('guix 'config) #f) (('guix rest ...) #t) (('gnu rest ...) #t) (rest #f))) (define (partition->gexp partition) "Turn PARTITION, a object, into a list-valued gexp suitable for 'make-partition-image'." #~'(#$@(list (partition-size partition)) #$(partition-file-system partition) #$(partition-file-system-options partition) #$(partition-label partition) #$(and=> (partition-uuid partition) uuid-bytevector) #$(partition-flags partition))) (define gcrypt-sqlite3&co ;; Guile-Gcrypt, Guile-SQLite3, and their propagated inputs. (srfi-1:append-map (lambda (package) (cons package (match (package-transitive-propagated-inputs package) (((labels packages) ...) packages)))) (list guile-gcrypt guile-sqlite3))) (define-syntax-rule (with-imported-modules* gexp* ...) (with-extensions gcrypt-sqlite3&co (with-imported-modules `(,@(source-module-closure '((gnu build image) (gnu build bootloader) (gnu build hurd-boot) (gnu build linux-boot) (guix store database)) #:select? not-config?) ((guix config) => ,(make-config.scm))) #~(begin (use-modules (gnu build image) (gnu build bootloader) (gnu build hurd-boot) (gnu build linux-boot) (guix store database) (guix build utils)) gexp* ...)))) (define (root-partition? partition) "Return true if PARTITION is the root partition, false otherwise." (member 'boot (partition-flags partition))) (define (find-root-partition image) "Return the root partition of the given IMAGE." (or (srfi-1:find root-partition? (image-partitions image)) (raise (formatted-message (G_ "image lacks a partition with the 'boot' flag"))))) (define (root-partition-index image) "Return the index of the root partition of the given IMAGE." (1+ (srfi-1:list-index root-partition? (image-partitions image)))) ;; ;; Disk image. ;; (define* (system-disk-image image #:key (name "disk-image") bootcfg bootloader register-closures? (inputs '())) "Return as a file-like object, the disk-image described by IMAGE. Said image can be copied on a USB stick as is. BOOTLOADER is the bootloader that will be installed and configured according to BOOTCFG parameter. Raw images of the IMAGE partitions are first created. Then, genimage is used to assemble the partition images into a disk-image without resorting to a virtual machine. INPUTS is a list of inputs (as for packages). When REGISTER-CLOSURES? is true, register INPUTS in the store database of the image so that Guix can be used in the image." (define genimage-name "image") (define (image->genimage-cfg image) ;; Return as a file-like object, the genimage configuration file ;; describing the given IMAGE. (define (format->image-type format) ;; Return the genimage format corresponding to FORMAT. For now, only ;; the hdimage format (raw disk-image) is supported. (cond ((memq format '(disk-image compressed-qcow2)) "hdimage") (else (raise (condition (&message (message (format #f (G_ "unsupported image type: ~a") format)))))))) (define (partition->dos-type partition) ;; Return the MBR partition type corresponding to the given PARTITION. ;; See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_type. (let ((flags (partition-flags partition)) (file-system (partition-file-system partition))) (cond ((member 'esp flags) "0xEF") ((string-prefix? "ext" file-system) "0x83") ((or (string=? file-system "vfat") (string=? file-system "fat16")) "0x0E") ((string=? file-system "fat32") "0x0C") (else (raise (condition (&message (message (format #f (G_ "unsupported partition type: ~a") file-system))))))))) (define (partition->gpt-type partition) ;; Return the genimage GPT partition type code corresponding to the ;; given PARTITION. See: ;; https://github.com/pengutronix/genimage/blob/master/README.rst (let ((flags (partition-flags partition)) (file-system (partition-file-system partition))) (cond ((member 'esp flags) "U") ((string-prefix? "ext" file-system) "L") ((or (string=? file-system "vfat") (string=? file-system "fat16") (string=? file-system "fat32")) "F") ((and (string=? file-system "unformatted") (partition-uuid partition)) (uuid->string (partition-uuid partition))) (else (raise (condition (&message (message (format #f (G_ "unsupported partition type: ~a") file-system))))))))) (define (partition-image partition) ;; Return as a file-like object, an image of the given PARTITION. A ;; directory, filled by calling the PARTITION initializer procedure, is ;; first created within the store. Then, an image of this directory is ;; created using tools such as 'mke2fs' or 'mkdosfs', depending on the ;; partition file-system type. (let* ((os (image-operating-system image)) (schema (local-file (search-path %load-path "guix/store/schema.sql"))) (graph (match inputs (((names . _) ...) names))) (type (partition-file-system partition)) (image-builder (with-imported-modules* (let ((initializer (or #$(partition-initializer partition) initialize-root-partition)) (inputs '#+(cond ((string-prefix? "ext" type) (list e2fsprogs fakeroot)) ((or (string=? type "vfat") (string-prefix? "fat" type)) (list dosfstools fakeroot mtools)) (else '()))) (image-root "tmp-root")) (sql-schema #$schema) (set-path-environment-variable "PATH" '("bin" "sbin") inputs) ;; Allow non-ASCII file names--e.g., 'nss-certs'--to be ;; decoded. (setenv "GUIX_LOCPATH" #+(file-append glibc-utf8-locales "/lib/locale")) (setlocale LC_ALL "en_US.utf8") (initializer image-root #:references-graphs '#$graph #:deduplicate? #f #:copy-closures? (not #$(image-shared-store? image)) #:system-directory #$os #:grub-efi #+grub-efi #:grub-efi32 #+grub-efi32 #:bootloader-package #+(bootloader-package bootloader) #:bootloader-installer #+(bootloader-installer bootloader) #:bootcfg #$bootcfg #:bootcfg-location #$(bootloader-configuration-file bootloader)) (make-partition-image #$(partition->gexp partition) #$output image-root))))) (computed-file "partition.img" image-builder ;; Allow offloading so that this I/O-intensive process ;; doesn't run on the build farm's head node. #:local-build? #f #:options `(#:references-graphs ,inputs)))) (define (gpt-image? image) (eq? 'gpt (image-partition-table-type image))) (define (partition-type-values image partition) (if (gpt-image? image) (values "partition-type-uuid" (partition->gpt-type partition)) (values "partition-type" (partition->dos-type partition)))) (define (partition->config image partition) ;; Return the genimage partition configuration for PARTITION. (let-values (((partition-type-attribute partition-type-value) (partition-type-values image partition))) (let ((label (partition-label partition)) (image (partition-image partition)) (offset (partition-offset partition)) (bootable (if (memq 'boot (partition-flags partition)) "true" "false" ))) #~(format #f "~/partition ~a { ~/~/~a = ~a ~/~/image = \"~a\" ~/~/offset = \"~a\" ~/~/bootable = \"~a\" ~/}" #$label #$partition-type-attribute #$partition-type-value #$image #$offset #$bootable)))) (define (genimage-type-options image-type image) (cond ((equal? image-type "hdimage") (format #f "~%~/~/partition-table-type = \"~a\"~%~/" (image-partition-table-type image))) (else ""))) (when (and (gpt-image? image) (not (memq (bootloader-name bootloader) (list grub-efi grub-efi32 grub-efi-removable-bootloader grub-efi-netboot-bootloader grub-efi-netboot-removable-bootloader grub-mkrescue-bootloader)))) (raise (formatted-message (G_ "EFI bootloader required with GPT partitioning")))) (let* ((format (image-format image)) (image-type (format->image-type format)) (image-type-options (genimage-type-options image-type image)) (partitions (image-partitions image)) (partitions-config (map (cut partition->config image <>) partitions)) (builder #~(begin (let ((format (@ (ice-9 format) format))) (call-with-output-file #$output (lambda (port) (format port "\ image ~a { ~/~a {~a} ~{~a~^~%~} }~%" #$genimage-name #$image-type #$image-type-options (list #$@partitions-config)))))))) (computed-file "genimage.cfg" builder))) (let* ((image-name (image-name image)) (name (if image-name (symbol->string image-name) name)) (format (image-format image)) (substitutable? (image-substitutable? image)) (builder (with-imported-modules* (let ((inputs '#+(list genimage coreutils findutils qemu-minimal)) (bootloader-installer #+(bootloader-disk-image-installer bootloader)) (out-image (string-append "images/" #$genimage-name))) (set-path-environment-variable "PATH" '("bin" "sbin") inputs) (genimage #$(image->genimage-cfg image)) ;; Install the bootloader directly on the disk-image. (when bootloader-installer (bootloader-installer #+(bootloader-package bootloader) #$(root-partition-index image) out-image)) (convert-disk-image out-image '#$format #$output))))) (computed-file name builder #:local-build? #f ;too I/O-intensive #:options `(#:substitutable? ,substitutable?)))) ;; ;; ISO9660 image. ;; (define (has-guix-service-type? os) "Return true if OS contains a service of the type GUIX-SERVICE-TYPE." (not (not (srfi-1:find (lambda (service) (eq? (service-kind service) guix-service-type)) (operating-system-services os))))) (define* (system-iso9660-image image #:key (name "image.iso") bootcfg bootloader register-closures? (inputs '()) (grub-mkrescue-environment '())) "Return as a file-like object a bootable, stand-alone iso9660 image. INPUTS is a list of inputs (as for packages). When REGISTER-CLOSURES? is true, register INPUTS in the store database of the image so that Guix can be used in the image. " (define root-label (match (image-partitions image) ((partition) (partition-label partition)))) (define root-uuid (match (image-partitions image) ((partition) (uuid-bytevector (partition-uuid partition))))) (let* ((os (image-operating-system image)) (bootloader (bootloader-package bootloader)) (compression? (image-compression? image)) (substitutable? (image-substitutable? image)) (schema (local-file (search-path %load-path "guix/store/schema.sql"))) (graph (match inputs (((names . _) ...) names))) (builder (with-imported-modules* (let* ((inputs '#$(list parted e2fsprogs dosfstools xorriso sed grep coreutils findutils gawk)) (image-root "tmp-root")) (sql-schema #$schema) ;; Allow non-ASCII file names--e.g., 'nss-certs'--to be decoded. (setenv "GUIX_LOCPATH" #+(file-append glibc-utf8-locales "/lib/locale")) (setlocale LC_ALL "en_US.utf8") (set-path-environment-variable "PATH" '("bin" "sbin") inputs) (initialize-root-partition image-root #:references-graphs '#$graph #:deduplicate? #f #:system-directory #$os) (make-iso9660-image #$xorriso '#$grub-mkrescue-environment #$bootloader #$bootcfg #$os image-root #$output #:references-graphs '#$graph #:register-closures? #$register-closures? #:compression? #$compression? #:volume-id #$root-label #:volume-uuid #$root-uuid))))) (computed-file name builder ;; Allow offloading so that this I/O-intensive process ;; doesn't run on the build farm's head node. #:local-build? #f #:options `(#:references-graphs ,inputs #:substitutable? ,substitutable?)))) (define (image-with-label base-image label) "The volume ID of an ISO is the label of the first partition. This procedure returns an image record where the first partition's label is set to