;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
;;; Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
;;; Copyright © 2013 Nikita Karetnikov <nikita@karetnikov.org>
;;; Copyright © 2013 Andreas Enge <andreas@enge.fr>
;;; Copyright © 2015, 2018 Mark H Weaver <mhw@netris.org>
;;; Copyright © 2018 Arun Isaac <arunisaac@systemreboot.net>
;;; Copyright © 2018, 2019 Ricardo Wurmus <rekado@elephly.net>
;;; Copyright © 2021 Maxime Devos <maximedevos@telenet.be>
;;; Copyright © 2020 Christine Lemmer-Webber <cwebber@dustycloud.org>
;;; Copyright © 2021 Brice Waegeneire <brice@waegenei.re>
;;;
;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
;;; your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;;; along with GNU Guix.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

(define-module (gnu build activation)
  #:use-module (gnu system accounts)
  #:use-module (gnu system setuid)
  #:use-module (gnu build accounts)
  #:use-module (gnu build linux-boot)
  #:use-module (guix build utils)
  #:use-module ((guix build syscalls) #:select (with-file-lock))
  #:use-module (ice-9 ftw)
  #:use-module (ice-9 match)
  #:use-module (ice-9 vlist)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-11)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
  #:export (activate-users+groups
            activate-user-home
            activate-etc
            activate-setuid-programs
            activate-special-files
            activate-modprobe
            activate-firmware
            activate-ptrace-attach
            activate-current-system
            mkdir-p/perms
            lchown-recursive))

;;; Commentary:
;;;
;;; This module provides "activation" helpers.  Activation is the process that
;;; consists in setting up system-wide files and directories so that an
;;; 'operating-system' configuration becomes active.
;;;
;;; Code:

(define %skeleton-directory
  ;; Directory containing skeleton files for new accounts.
  ;; Note: keep the trailing '/' so that 'scandir' enters it.
  "/etc/skel/")

(define (dot-or-dot-dot? file)
  (member file '("." "..")))

;; Based upon mkdir-p from (guix build utils)
(define (verify-not-symbolic dir)
  "Verify DIR or its ancestors aren't symbolic links."
  (define absolute?
    (string-prefix? "/" dir))

  (define not-slash
    (char-set-complement (char-set #\/)))

  (define (verify-component file)
    (unless (eq? 'directory (stat:type (lstat file)))
      (error "file name component is not a directory" dir)))

  (let loop ((components (string-tokenize dir not-slash))
             (root       (if absolute?
                             ""
                             ".")))
    (match components
      ((head tail ...)
       (let ((file (string-append root "/" head)))
         (catch 'system-error
           (lambda ()
             (verify-component file)
             (loop tail file))
           (lambda args
             (if (= ENOENT (system-error-errno args))
                 #t
                 (apply throw args))))))
      (() #t))))

;; TODO: the TOCTTOU race can be addressed once guile has bindings
;; for fstatat, openat and friends.
(define (mkdir-p/perms directory owner bits)
  "Create the directory DIRECTORY and all its ancestors.
Verify no component of DIRECTORY is a symbolic link.
Warning: this is currently suspect to a TOCTTOU race!"
  (verify-not-symbolic directory)
  (mkdir-p directory)
  (chown directory (passwd:uid owner) (passwd:gid owner))
  (chmod directory bits))

(define (lchown-recursive file owner group)
  "As 'lchown' but recursively, change ownership of FILE to the integer values
OWNER and GROUP without dereferencing symbolic links it encounter."
  (nftw file
        (lambda (filename statinfo flag base level)
          (catch 'system-error
            (lambda ()
              (when (member flag '(regular directory symlink))
                (lchown filename owner group)))
            (lambda args
              (format (current-error-port)
                      "warning: failed to chown ~s: ~a~%"
                      filename
                      (strerror (system-error-errno args)))))
          #t)
        'physical))

(define* (copy-account-skeletons home
                                 #:key
                                 (directory %skeleton-directory)
                                 uid gid)
  "Copy the account skeletons from DIRECTORY to HOME.  When UID is an integer,
make it the owner of all the files created except the home directory; likewise
for GID."
  (define (set-owner file)
    (when (or uid gid)
      (chown file (or uid -1) (or gid -1))))

  (let ((files (scandir directory (negate dot-or-dot-dot?)
                        string<?)))
    (mkdir-p home)
    (for-each (lambda (file)
                (let ((target (string-append home "/" file)))
                  (copy-recursively (string-append directory "/" file)
                                    target
                                    #:log (%make-void-port "w"))
                  (for-each set-owner
                            (find-files target (const #t)
                                        #:directories? #t))
                  (make-file-writable target)))
              files)))

(define* (make-skeletons-writable home
                                  #:optional (directory %skeleton-directory))
  "Make sure that the files that have been copied from DIRECTORY to HOME are
owner-writable in HOME."
  (let ((files (scandir directory (negate dot-or-dot-dot?)
                        string<?)))
    (for-each (lambda (file)
                (let ((target (string-append home "/" file)))
                  (when (file-exists? target)
                    (make-file-writable target))))
              files)))

(define (duplicates lst)
  "Return elements from LST present more than once in LST."
  (let loop ((lst lst)
             (seen vlist-null)
             (result '()))
    (match lst
      (()
       (reverse result))
      ((head . tail)
       (loop tail
             (vhash-cons head #t seen)
             (if (vhash-assoc head seen)
                 (cons head result)
                 result))))))

(define (activate-users+groups users groups)
  "Make sure USERS (a list of user account records) and GROUPS (a list of user
group records) are all available."
  (define (make-home-directory user)
    (let ((home (user-account-home-directory user))
          (pwd  (getpwnam (user-account-name user))))
      (mkdir-p home)

      ;; Always set ownership and permissions for home directories of system
      ;; accounts.  If a service needs looser permissions on its home
      ;; directories, it can always chmod it in an activation snippet.
      (chown home (passwd:uid pwd) (passwd:gid pwd))
      (chmod home #o700)))

  (define system-accounts
    (filter (lambda (user)
              (and (user-account-system? user)
                   (user-account-create-home-directory? user)))
            users))

  ;; Allow home directories to be created under /var/lib.
  (mkdir-p "/var/lib")

  ;; Take same lock as libc's 'lckpwdf' (but without a timeout) while we read
  ;; and write the databases.  This ensures there's no race condition with
  ;; other tools that might be accessing it at the same time.
  (with-file-lock %password-lock-file
    (let-values (((groups passwd shadow)
                  (user+group-databases users groups)))
      (write-group groups)
      (write-passwd passwd)
      (write-shadow shadow)))

  ;; Home directories of non-system accounts are created by
  ;; 'activate-user-home'.
  (for-each make-home-directory system-accounts)

  ;; Turn shared home directories, such as /var/empty, into root-owned,
  ;; read-only places.
  (for-each (lambda (directory)
              (chown directory 0 0)
              (chmod directory #o555))
            (duplicates (map user-account-home-directory system-accounts))))

(define (activate-user-home users)
  "Create and populate the home directory of USERS, a list of tuples, unless
they already exist."
  (define ensure-user-home
    (lambda (user)
      (let ((name         (user-account-name user))
            (home         (user-account-home-directory user))
            (create-home? (user-account-create-home-directory? user))
            (system?      (user-account-system? user)))
        ;; The home directories of system accounts are created during
        ;; activation, not here.
        (unless (or (not home) (not create-home?) system?
                    (directory-exists? home))
          (let* ((pw  (getpwnam name))
                 (uid (passwd:uid pw))
                 (gid (passwd:gid pw)))
            (mkdir-p home)
            (chmod home #o700)
            (copy-account-skeletons home
                                    #:uid uid #:gid gid)

            ;; It is important 'chown' be called after
            ;; 'copy-account-skeletons'.  Otherwise, a malicious user with
            ;; good timing could create a symlink in HOME that would be
            ;; dereferenced by 'copy-account-skeletons'.
            (chown home uid gid))))))

  (for-each ensure-user-home users))

(define (activate-etc etc)
  "Install ETC, a directory in the store, as the source of static files for
/etc."

  ;; /etc is a mixture of static and dynamic settings.  Here is where we
  ;; initialize it from the static part.

  (define (rm-f file)
    (false-if-exception (delete-file file)))

  (format #t "populating /etc from ~a...~%" etc)
  (mkdir-p "/etc")

  ;; Create the /etc/ssl -> /run/current-system/profile/etc/ssl symlink.  This
  ;; symlink, to a target outside of the store, probably doesn't belong in the
  ;; static 'etc' store directory.  However, if it were to be put there,
  ;; beware that if /run/current-system/profile/etc/ssl doesn't exist at the
  ;; time of activation (e.g. when installing a fresh system), the call to
  ;; 'file-is-directory?' below will fail because it uses 'stat', not 'lstat'.
  (rm-f "/etc/ssl")
  (symlink "/run/current-system/profile/etc/ssl" "/etc/ssl")

  (rm-f "/etc/static")
  (symlink etc "/etc/static")
  (for-each (lambda (file)
              (let ((target (string-append "/etc/" file))
                    (source (string-append "/etc/static/" file)))
                (rm-f target)

                ;; Things such as /etc/sudoers must be regular files, not
                ;; symlinks; furthermore, they could be modified behind our
                ;; back---e.g., with 'visudo'.  Thus, make a copy instead of
                ;; symlinking them.
                (if (file-is-directory? source)
                    (symlink source target)
                    (copy-file source target))

                ;; XXX: Dirty hack to meet sudo's expectations.
                (when (string=? (basename target) "sudoers")
                  (chmod target #o440))))
            (scandir etc (negate dot-or-dot-dot?)

                     ;; The default is 'string-locale<?', but we don't have
                     ;; it when run from the initrd's statically-linked
                     ;; Guile.
                     string<?)))

(define %setuid-directory
  ;; Place where setuid programs are stored.
  "/run/setuid-programs")

(define (activate-setuid-programs programs)
  "Turn PROGRAMS, a list of file setuid-programs record, into setuid programs
stored under %SETUID-DIRECTORY."
  (define (make-setuid-program program setuid? setgid? uid gid)
    (let ((target (string-append %setuid-directory
                                 "/" (basename program)))
          (mode (+ #o0555                   ; base permissions
                   (if setuid? #o4000 0)    ; setuid bit
                   (if setgid? #o2000 0)))) ; setgid bit
      (copy-file program target)
      (chown target uid gid)
      (chmod target mode)))

  (format #t "setting up setuid programs in '~a'...~%"
          %setuid-directory)
  (if (file-exists? %setuid-directory)
      (for-each (compose delete-file
                         (cut string-append %setuid-directory "/" <>))
                (scandir %setuid-directory
                         (lambda (file)
                           (not (member file '("." ".."))))
                         string<?))
      (mkdir-p %setuid-directory))

  (for-each (lambda (program)
              (catch 'system-error
                (lambda ()
                  (let* ((program-name (setuid-program-program program))
                         (setuid?      (setuid-program-setuid? program))
                         (setgid?      (setuid-program-setgid? program))
                         (user         (setuid-program-user program))
                         (group        (setuid-program-group program))
                         (uid (match user
                                ((? string?) (passwd:uid (getpwnam user)))
                                ((? integer?) user)))
                         (gid (match group
                                ((? string?) (group:gid (getgrnam group)))
                                ((? integer?) group))))
                    (make-setuid-program program-name setuid? setgid? uid gid)))
                (lambda args
                  ;; If we fail to create a setuid program, better keep going
                  ;; so that we don't leave %SETUID-DIRECTORY empty or
                  ;; half-populated.  This can happen if PROGRAMS contains
                  ;; incorrect file names: <https://bugs.gnu.org/38800>.
                  (format (current-error-port)
                          "warning: failed to make ~s setuid/setgid: ~a~%"
                          (setuid-program-program program)
                          (strerror (system-error-errno args))))))
            programs))

(define (activate-special-files special-files)
  "Install the files listed in SPECIAL-FILES.  Each element of SPECIAL-FILES
is a pair where the first element is the name of the special file and the
second element is the name it should appear at, such as:

  ((\"/bin/sh\" \"/gnu/store/…-bash/bin/sh\")
   (\"/usr/bin/env\" \"/gnu/store/…-coreutils/bin/env\"))
"
  (define install-special-file
    (match-lambda
      ((target file)
       (let ((pivot (string-append target ".new")))
         (mkdir-p (dirname target))
         (symlink file pivot)
         (rename-file pivot target)))))

  (for-each install-special-file special-files))

(define (activate-modprobe modprobe)
  "Tell the kernel to use MODPROBE to load modules."

  ;; If the kernel was built without loadable module support, this file is
  ;; unavailable, so check for its existence first.
  (when (file-exists? "/proc/sys/kernel/modprobe")
    (call-with-output-file "/proc/sys/kernel/modprobe"
      (lambda (port)
        (display modprobe port)))))

(define (activate-firmware directory)
  "Tell the kernel to look for device firmware under DIRECTORY.  This
mechanism bypasses udev: it allows Linux to handle firmware loading directly
by itself, without having to resort to a \"user helper\"."
  (call-with-output-file "/sys/module/firmware_class/parameters/path"
    (lambda (port)
      (display directory port))))

(define (activate-ptrace-attach)
  "Allow users to PTRACE_ATTACH their own processes.

This works around a regression introduced in the default \"security\" policy
found in Linux 3.4 onward that prevents users from attaching to their own
processes--see Yama.txt in the Linux source tree for the rationale.  This
sounds like an unacceptable restriction for little or no security
improvement."
  (let ((file "/proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope"))
    (when (file-exists? file)
      (call-with-output-file file
        (lambda (port)
          (display 0 port))))))


(define %current-system
  ;; The system that is current (a symlink.)  This is not necessarily the same
  ;; as the system we booted (aka. /run/booted-system) because we can re-build
  ;; a new system configuration and activate it, without rebooting.
  "/run/current-system")

(define (boot-time-system)
  "Return the '--system' argument passed on the kernel command line."
  (find-long-option "--system" (if (string-contains %host-type "linux-gnu")
                                   (linux-command-line)
                                   (command-line))))

(define* (activate-current-system
          #:optional (system (or (getenv "GUIX_NEW_SYSTEM")
                                 (boot-time-system))))
  "Atomically make SYSTEM the current system."
  ;; The 'GUIX_NEW_SYSTEM' environment variable is used as a way for 'guix
  ;; system reconfigure' to pass the file name of the new system.

  (format #t "making '~a' the current system...~%" system)

  ;; Atomically make SYSTEM current.
  (let ((new (string-append %current-system ".new")))
    (symlink system new)
    (rename-file new %current-system)))

;;; activation.scm ends here