I saved your document in a file “doc.tex” and then ran this
command successfully:
guix environment --pure --ad-hoc \
texlive-base \
texlive-url \
texlive-latex-hyperref \
texlive-fonts-ec \
texlive-lm \
texlive-babel-swedish \
texlive-pagenote \
texlive-ifmtarg \
texlive-morefloats \
texlive-sectsty -- pdflatex doc.tex
This produces a PDF file “doc.pdf” with an almost empty page with
the text “Notes”.
Thank you. My full document also builds now with the above environment. The strange thing is that, just as you noted, even though all texlive-hyphen-{a lot of european languages} are all installed my pdflatex outputs the following:
Package babel Warning: No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for
(babel) the language `Swedish' into the format.
(babel) Please, configure your TeX system to add them and
(babel) rebuild the format. Now I will use the patterns
(babel) preloaded for \language=0 instead on input line 49.
And in the document hyphenation is very much broken, either not breaking words at all or breaking in the wrong places.