;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU ;;; Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Ludovic Courtès ;;; Copyright © 2015 Mark H Weaver ;;; Copyright © 2015, 2016 Alex Kost ;;; ;;; This file is part of GNU Guix. ;;; ;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it ;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at ;;; your option) any later version. ;;; ;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but ;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ;;; GNU General Public License for more details. ;;; ;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ;;; along with GNU Guix. If not, see . (define-module (gnu system) #:use-module (guix store) #:use-module (guix monads) #:use-module (guix gexp) #:use-module (guix records) #:use-module (guix packages) #:use-module (guix derivations) #:use-module (guix profiles) #:use-module (guix ui) #:use-module (gnu packages base) #:use-module (gnu packages bash) #:use-module (gnu packages guile) #:use-module (gnu packages admin) #:use-module (gnu packages linux) #:use-module (gnu packages pciutils) #:use-module (gnu packages package-management) #:use-module (gnu packages less) #:use-module (gnu packages zile) #:use-module (gnu packages nano) #:use-module (gnu packages lsof) #:use-module (gnu packages gawk) #:use-module (gnu packages man) #:use-module (gnu packages texinfo) #:use-module (gnu packages compression) #:use-module (gnu packages firmware) #:use-module (gnu services) #:use-module (gnu services shepherd) #:use-module (gnu services base) #:use-module (gnu system grub) #:use-module (gnu system shadow) #:use-module (gnu system nss) #:use-module (gnu system locale) #:use-module (gnu system pam) #:use-module (gnu system linux-initrd) #:use-module (gnu system file-systems) #:use-module (gnu system mapped-devices) #:use-module (ice-9 match) #:use-module (srfi srfi-1) #:use-module (srfi srfi-26) #:use-module (srfi srfi-34) #:use-module (srfi srfi-35) #:export (operating-system operating-system? operating-system-bootloader operating-system-services operating-system-user-services operating-system-packages operating-system-host-name operating-system-hosts-file operating-system-kernel operating-system-kernel-arguments operating-system-initrd operating-system-users operating-system-groups operating-system-issue operating-system-timezone operating-system-locale operating-system-locale-definitions operating-system-locale-libcs operating-system-mapped-devices operating-system-file-systems operating-system-store-file-system operating-system-activation-script operating-system-derivation operating-system-profile operating-system-grub.cfg operating-system-etc-directory operating-system-locale-directory operating-system-boot-script boot-parameters boot-parameters? boot-parameters-label boot-parameters-root-device boot-parameters-kernel boot-parameters-kernel-arguments read-boot-parameters local-host-aliases %setuid-programs %base-packages %base-firmware)) ;;; Commentary: ;;; ;;; This module supports whole-system configuration. ;;; ;;; Code: ;; System-wide configuration. ;; TODO: Add per-field docstrings/stexi. (define-record-type* operating-system make-operating-system operating-system? (kernel operating-system-kernel ; package (default linux-libre)) (kernel-arguments operating-system-kernel-arguments (default '())) ; list of gexps/strings (bootloader operating-system-bootloader) ; (initrd operating-system-initrd ; (list fs) -> M derivation (default base-initrd)) (firmware operating-system-firmware ; list of packages (default %base-firmware)) (host-name operating-system-host-name) ; string (hosts-file operating-system-hosts-file ; file-like | #f (default #f)) (mapped-devices operating-system-mapped-devices ; list of (default '())) (file-systems operating-system-file-systems) ; list of fs (swap-devices operating-system-swap-devices ; list of strings (default '())) (users operating-system-users ; list of user accounts (default %base-user-accounts)) (groups operating-system-groups ; list of user groups (default %base-groups)) (skeletons operating-system-skeletons ; list of name/monadic value (default (default-skeletons))) (issue operating-system-issue ; string (default %default-issue)) (packages operating-system-packages ; list of (PACKAGE OUTPUT...) (default %base-packages)) ; or just PACKAGE (timezone operating-system-timezone) ; string (locale operating-system-locale ; string (default "en_US.utf8")) (locale-definitions operating-system-locale-definitions ; list of (default %default-locale-definitions)) (locale-libcs operating-system-locale-libcs ; list of (default %default-locale-libcs)) (name-service-switch operating-system-name-service-switch ; (default %default-nss)) (services operating-system-user-services ; list of monadic services (default %base-services)) (pam-services operating-system-pam-services ; list of PAM services (default (base-pam-services))) (setuid-programs operating-system-setuid-programs (default %setuid-programs)) ; list of string-valued gexps (sudoers-file operating-system-sudoers-file ; file-like (default %sudoers-specification))) ;;; ;;; Services. ;;; (define (other-file-system-services os) "Return file system services for the file systems of OS that are not marked as 'needed-for-boot'." (define file-systems (remove file-system-needed-for-boot? (operating-system-file-systems os))) (define (device-mappings fs) (let ((device (file-system-device fs))) (if (string? device) ;title is 'device (filter (lambda (md) (string=? (string-append "/dev/mapper/" (mapped-device-target md)) device)) (operating-system-mapped-devices os)) '()))) (define (add-dependencies fs) ;; Add the dependencies due to device mappings to FS. (file-system (inherit fs) (dependencies (delete-duplicates (append (device-mappings fs) (file-system-dependencies fs)) eq?)))) (map (compose file-system-service add-dependencies) file-systems)) (define (mapped-device-user device file-systems) "Return a file system among FILE-SYSTEMS that uses DEVICE, or #f." (let ((target (string-append "/dev/mapper/" (mapped-device-target device)))) (find (lambda (fs) (and (eq? 'device (file-system-title fs)) (string=? (file-system-device fs) target))) file-systems))) (define (file-system-mapped-device file-system devices) "Return the mapped-device among DEVICES that backs FILE-SYSTEM, or #f." (and (eq? 'device (file-system-title file-system)) (string-prefix? "/dev/mapper/" (file-system-device file-system)) (let ((name (string-drop (file-system-device file-system) (string-length "/dev/mapper/")))) (find (lambda (md) (string=? (mapped-device-target md) name)) devices)))) (define (operating-system-user-mapped-devices os) "Return the subset of mapped devices that can be installed in user-land--i.e., those not needed during boot." (let ((devices (operating-system-mapped-devices os)) (file-systems (operating-system-file-systems os))) (filter (lambda (md) (let ((user (mapped-device-user md file-systems))) (or (not user) (not (file-system-needed-for-boot? user))))) devices))) (define (operating-system-boot-mapped-devices os) "Return the subset of mapped devices that must be installed during boot, from the initrd." (let ((devices (operating-system-mapped-devices os)) (file-systems (operating-system-file-systems os))) (filter (lambda (md) (let ((user (mapped-device-user md file-systems))) (and user (file-system-needed-for-boot? user)))) devices))) (define (device-mapping-services os) "Return the list of device-mapping services for OS as a list." (map device-mapping-service (operating-system-user-mapped-devices os))) (define (swap-services os) "Return the list of swap services for OS." (map swap-service (operating-system-swap-devices os))) (define* (operating-system-directory-base-entries os #:key container?) "Return the basic entries of the 'system' directory of OS for use as the value of the SYSTEM-SERVICE-TYPE service." (mlet %store-monad ((locale (operating-system-locale-directory os))) (if container? (return `(("locale" ,locale))) (mlet %store-monad ((kernel -> (operating-system-kernel os)) (initrd (operating-system-initrd-file os)) (params (operating-system-parameters-file os))) (return `(("kernel" ,kernel) ("parameters" ,params) ("initrd" ,initrd) ("locale" ,locale))))))) ;used by libc (define* (essential-services os #:key container?) "Return the list of essential services for OS. These are special services that implement part of what's declared in OS are responsible for low-level bookkeeping. CONTAINER? determines whether to return the list of services for a container or that of a \"bare metal\" system." (define known-fs (map file-system-mount-point (operating-system-file-systems os))) (let* ((mappings (device-mapping-services os)) (root-fs (root-file-system-service)) (other-fs (other-file-system-services os)) (unmount (user-unmount-service known-fs)) (swaps (swap-services os)) (procs (user-processes-service (map service-parameters other-fs))) (host-name (host-name-service (operating-system-host-name os))) (entries (operating-system-directory-base-entries os #:container? container?))) (cons* (service system-service-type entries) %boot-service ;; %SHEPHERD-ROOT-SERVICE must come first so that the gexp that ;; execs shepherd comes last in the boot script (XXX). Likewise, ;; the cleanup service must come last so that its gexp runs before ;; activation code. %shepherd-root-service %activation-service (service cleanup-service-type #f) (pam-root-service (operating-system-pam-services os)) (account-service (append (operating-system-accounts os) (operating-system-groups os)) (operating-system-skeletons os)) (operating-system-etc-service os) (service fstab-service-type '()) (session-environment-service (operating-system-environment-variables os)) host-name procs root-fs unmount (service setuid-program-service-type (operating-system-setuid-programs os)) (service profile-service-type (operating-system-packages os)) (append other-fs mappings swaps ;; Add the firmware service, unless we are building for a ;; container. (if container? '() (list %linux-bare-metal-service (service firmware-service-type (operating-system-firmware os)))))))) (define* (operating-system-services os #:key container?) "Return all the services of OS, including \"internal\" services that do not explicitly appear in OS." (append (operating-system-user-services os) (essential-services os #:container? container?))) ;;; ;;; /etc. ;;; (define %base-firmware ;; Firmware usable by default. (list ath9k-htc-firmware)) (define %base-packages ;; Default set of packages globally visible. It should include anything ;; required for basic administrator tasks. (cons* procps psmisc which less zile nano lsof ;for Guix's 'list-runtime-roots' pciutils usbutils util-linux inetutils isc-dhcp ;; wireless-tools is deprecated in favor of iw, but it's still what ;; many people are familiar with, so keep it around. iw wireless-tools rfkill iproute net-tools ; XXX: remove when Inetutils suffices man-db info-reader ;the standalone Info reader (no Perl) ;; The 'sudo' command is already in %SETUID-PROGRAMS, but we also ;; want the other commands and the man pages (notably because ;; auto-completion in Emacs shell relies on man pages.) sudo ;; Get 'insmod' & co. from kmod, not module-init-tools, since udev ;; already depends on it anyway. kmod eudev e2fsprogs kbd bash-completion ;; The packages below are also in %FINAL-INPUTS, so take them from ;; there to avoid duplication. (map canonical-package (list guile-2.0 bash coreutils findutils grep sed diffutils patch gawk tar gzip bzip2 xz lzip)))) (define %default-issue ;; Default contents for /etc/issue. " This is the GNU system. Welcome.\n") (define (local-host-aliases host-name) "Return aliases for HOST-NAME, to be used in /etc/hosts." (string-append "127.0.0.1 localhost " host-name "\n" "::1 localhost " host-name "\n")) (define (default-/etc/hosts host-name) "Return the default /etc/hosts file." (plain-file "hosts" (local-host-aliases host-name))) (define* (operating-system-etc-service os) "Return a that builds containing the static part of the /etc directory." (let ((login.defs (plain-file "login.defs" "# Empty for now.\n")) (issue (plain-file "issue" (operating-system-issue os))) (nsswitch (plain-file "nsswitch.conf" (name-service-switch->string (operating-system-name-service-switch os)))) ;; Startup file for POSIX-compliant login shells, which set system-wide ;; environment variables. (profile (mixed-text-file "profile" "\ # Crucial variables that could be missing in the profiles' 'etc/profile' # because they would require combining both profiles. # FIXME: See . export MANPATH=$HOME/.guix-profile/share/man:/run/current-system/profile/share/man export INFOPATH=$HOME/.guix-profile/share/info:/run/current-system/profile/share/info export XDG_DATA_DIRS=$HOME/.guix-profile/share:/run/current-system/profile/share export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=$HOME/.guix-profile/etc/xdg:/run/current-system/profile/etc/xdg # Ignore the default value of 'PATH'. unset PATH # Load the system profile's settings. GUIX_PROFILE=/run/current-system/profile \\ . /run/current-system/profile/etc/profile # Prepend setuid programs. export PATH=/run/setuid-programs:$PATH if [ -f \"$HOME/.guix-profile/etc/profile\" ] then # Load the user profile's settings. GUIX_PROFILE=\"$HOME/.guix-profile\" \\ . \"$HOME/.guix-profile/etc/profile\" else # At least define this one so that basic things just work # when the user installs their first package. export PATH=\"$HOME/.guix-profile/bin:$PATH\" fi # Since 'lshd' does not use pam_env, /etc/environment must be explicitly # loaded when someone logs in via SSH. See . # We need 'PATH' to be defined here, for 'cat' and 'cut'. if [ -f /etc/environment -a -n \"$SSH_CLIENT\" \\ -a -z \"$LINUX_MODULE_DIRECTORY\" ] then . /etc/environment export `cat /etc/environment | cut -d= -f1` fi # Set the umask, notably for users logging in via 'lsh'. # See . umask 022 # Allow GStreamer-based applications to find plugins. export GST_PLUGIN_PATH=\"$HOME/.guix-profile/lib/gstreamer-1.0\" if [ -n \"$BASH_VERSION\" -a -f /etc/bashrc ] then # Load Bash-specific initialization code. . /etc/bashrc fi ")) (bashrc (plain-file "bashrc" "\ # Bash-specific initialization. # The 'bash-completion' package. if [ -f /run/current-system/profile/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh ] then # Bash-completion sources ~/.bash_completion. It installs a dynamic # completion loader that searches its own completion files as well # as those in ~/.guix-profile and /run/current-system/profile. source /run/current-system/profile/etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh fi\n"))) (etc-service `(("services" ,#~(string-append #$net-base "/etc/services")) ("protocols" ,#~(string-append #$net-base "/etc/protocols")) ("rpc" ,#~(string-append #$net-base "/etc/rpc")) ("login.defs" ,#~#$login.defs) ("issue" ,#~#$issue) ("nsswitch.conf" ,#~#$nsswitch) ("profile" ,#~#$profile) ("bashrc" ,#~#$bashrc) ("hosts" ,#~#$(or (operating-system-hosts-file os) (default-/etc/hosts (operating-system-host-name os)))) ("localtime" ,#~(string-append #$tzdata "/share/zoneinfo/" #$(operating-system-timezone os))) ("sudoers" ,(operating-system-sudoers-file os)))))) (define %root-account ;; Default root account. (user-account (name "root") (password "") (uid 0) (group "root") (comment "System administrator") (home-directory "/root"))) (define (operating-system-accounts os) "Return the user accounts for OS, including an obligatory 'root' account, and excluding accounts requested by services." ;; Make sure there's a root account. (if (find (lambda (user) (and=> (user-account-uid user) zero?)) (operating-system-users os)) (operating-system-users os) (cons %root-account (operating-system-users os)))) (define (maybe-string->file file-name thing) "If THING is a string, return a with THING as its content. Otherwise just return THING. This is for backward-compatibility of fields that used to be strings and are now file-like objects.." (match thing ((? string?) (warning (_ "using a string for file '~a' is deprecated; \ use 'plain-file' instead~%") file-name) (plain-file file-name thing)) (x x))) (define (maybe-file->monadic file-name thing) "If THING is a value in %STORE-MONAD, return it as is; otherwise return THING in the %STORE-MONAD. This is for backward-compatibility of fields that used to be monadic values and are now file-like objects." (with-monad %store-monad (match thing ((? procedure?) (warning (_ "using a monadic value for '~a' is deprecated; \ use 'plain-file' instead~%") file-name) thing) (x (return x))))) (define (operating-system-etc-directory os) "Return that static part of the /etc directory of OS." (etc-directory (fold-services (operating-system-services os) #:target-type etc-service-type))) (define (operating-system-environment-variables os) "Return the environment variables of OS for @var{session-environment-service-type}, to be used in @file{/etc/environment}." `(("LANG" . ,(operating-system-locale os)) ("TZ" . ,(operating-system-timezone os)) ("TZDIR" . ,#~(string-append #$tzdata "/share/zoneinfo")) ;; Tell 'modprobe' & co. where to look for modules. ("LINUX_MODULE_DIRECTORY" . "/run/booted-system/kernel/lib/modules") ;; These variables are honored by OpenSSL (libssl) and Git. ("SSL_CERT_DIR" . "/etc/ssl/certs") ("SSL_CERT_FILE" . "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt") ("GIT_SSL_CAINFO" . "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt") ;; 'GTK_DATA_PREFIX' must name one directory where GTK+ themes are ;; searched for. ("GTK_DATA_PREFIX" . "/run/current-system/profile") ;; By default, applications that use D-Bus, such as Emacs, abort at startup ;; when /etc/machine-id is missing. Make sure these warnings are non-fatal. ("DBUS_FATAL_WARNINGS" . "0"))) (define %setuid-programs ;; Default set of setuid-root programs. (let ((shadow (@ (gnu packages admin) shadow))) (list #~(string-append #$shadow "/bin/passwd") #~(string-append #$shadow "/bin/su") #~(string-append #$inetutils "/bin/ping") #~(string-append #$inetutils "/bin/ping6") #~(string-append #$sudo "/bin/sudo") #~(string-append #$fuse "/bin/fusermount")))) (define %sudoers-specification ;; Default /etc/sudoers contents: 'root' and all members of the 'wheel' ;; group can do anything. See ;; . ;; TODO: Add a declarative API. (plain-file "sudoers" "\ root ALL=(ALL) ALL %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL\n")) (define* (operating-system-activation-script os #:key container?) "Return the activation script for OS---i.e., the code that \"activates\" the stateful part of OS, including user accounts and groups, special directories, etc." (let* ((services (operating-system-services os #:container? container?)) (activation (fold-services services #:target-type activation-service-type))) (activation-service->script activation))) (define* (operating-system-boot-script os #:key container?) "Return the boot script for OS---i.e., the code started by the initrd once we're running in the final root. When CONTAINER? is true, skip all hardware-related operations as necessary when booting a Linux container." (let* ((services (operating-system-services os #:container? container?)) (boot (fold-services services #:target-type boot-service-type))) ;; BOOT is the script as a monadic value. (service-parameters boot))) (define* (operating-system-derivation os #:key container?) "Return a derivation that builds OS." (let* ((services (operating-system-services os #:container? container?)) (system (fold-services services))) ;; SYSTEM contains the derivation as a monadic value. (service-parameters system))) (define* (operating-system-profile os #:key container?) "Return a derivation that builds the system profile of OS." (mlet* %store-monad ((services -> (operating-system-services os #:container? container?)) (profile (fold-services services #:target-type profile-service-type))) (match profile (("profile" profile) (return profile))))) (define (operating-system-root-file-system os) "Return the root file system of OS." (find (match-lambda (($ _ _ "/") #t) (_ #f)) (operating-system-file-systems os))) (define (operating-system-initrd-file os) "Return a gexp denoting the initrd file of OS." (define boot-file-systems (filter file-system-needed-for-boot? (operating-system-file-systems os))) (define mapped-devices (operating-system-boot-mapped-devices os)) (define make-initrd (operating-system-initrd os)) (mlet %store-monad ((initrd (make-initrd boot-file-systems #:linux (operating-system-kernel os) #:mapped-devices mapped-devices))) (return #~(string-append #$initrd "/initrd")))) (define (locale-name->definition* name) "Variant of 'locale-name->definition' that raises an error upon failure." (match (locale-name->definition name) (#f (raise (condition (&message (message (format #f (_ "~a: invalid locale name") name)))))) (def def))) (define (operating-system-locale-directory os) "Return the directory containing the locales compiled for the definitions listed in OS. The C library expects to find it under /run/current-system/locale." (define name (operating-system-locale os)) (define definitions ;; While we're at it, check whether NAME is defined and add it if needed. (if (member name (map locale-definition-name (operating-system-locale-definitions os))) (operating-system-locale-definitions os) (cons (locale-name->definition* name) (operating-system-locale-definitions os)))) (locale-directory definitions #:libcs (operating-system-locale-libcs os))) (define (kernel->grub-label kernel) "Return a label for the GRUB menu entry that boots KERNEL." (string-append "GNU with " (string-titlecase (package-name kernel)) " " (package-version kernel) " (beta)")) (define (store-file-system file-systems) "Return the file system object among FILE-SYSTEMS that contains the store." (match (filter (lambda (fs) (and (file-system-mount? fs) (not (memq 'bind-mount (file-system-flags fs))) (string-prefix? (file-system-mount-point fs) (%store-prefix)))) file-systems) ((and candidates (head . tail)) (reduce (lambda (fs1 fs2) (if (> (string-length (file-system-mount-point fs1)) (string-length (file-system-mount-point fs2))) fs1 fs2)) head candidates)))) (define (operating-system-store-file-system os) "Return the file system that contains the store of OS." (store-file-system (operating-system-file-systems os))) (define (grub-config-for-store-file-system os) (let ((md (file-system-mapped-device (operating-system-store-file-system os) (operating-system-mapped-devices os)))) (if md (let* ((type (mapped-device-type md)) (grub (mapped-device-kind-grub type))) (grub (mapped-device-source md) (mapped-device-target md))) '()))) (define* (operating-system-grub.cfg os #:optional (old-entries '())) "Return the GRUB configuration file for OS. Use OLD-ENTRIES to populate the \"old entries\" menu." (mlet* %store-monad ((system (operating-system-derivation os)) (root-fs -> (operating-system-root-file-system os)) (store-fs -> (operating-system-store-file-system os)) (kernel -> (operating-system-kernel os)) (root-device -> (if (eq? 'uuid (file-system-title root-fs)) (uuid->string (file-system-device root-fs)) (file-system-device root-fs))) (entries -> (list (menu-entry (label (kernel->grub-label kernel)) (linux kernel) (linux-arguments (cons* (string-append "--root=" root-device) #~(string-append "--system=" #$system) #~(string-append "--load=" #$system "/boot") (operating-system-kernel-arguments os))) (initrd #~(string-append #$system "/initrd")) (extra-lines (grub-config-for-store-file-system os)))))) (grub-configuration-file (operating-system-bootloader os) store-fs entries #:old-entries old-entries))) (define (operating-system-parameters-file os) "Return a file that describes the boot parameters of OS. The primary use of this file is the reconstruction of GRUB menu entries for old configurations." (mlet %store-monad ((initrd (operating-system-initrd-file os)) (root -> (operating-system-root-file-system os)) (label -> (kernel->grub-label (operating-system-kernel os)))) (gexp->file "parameters" #~(boot-parameters (version 0) (label #$label) (root-device #$(file-system-device root)) (kernel #$(operating-system-kernel os)) (kernel-arguments #$(operating-system-kernel-arguments os)) (initrd #$initrd))))) ;;; ;;; Boot parameters ;;; (define-record-type* boot-parameters make-boot-parameters boot-parameters? (label boot-parameters-label) (root-device boot-parameters-root-device) (kernel boot-parameters-kernel) (kernel-arguments boot-parameters-kernel-arguments)) (define (read-boot-parameters port) "Read boot parameters from PORT and return the corresponding object or #f if the format is unrecognized." (match (read port) (('boot-parameters ('version 0) ('label label) ('root-device root) ('kernel linux) rest ...) (boot-parameters (label label) (root-device root) (kernel linux) (kernel-arguments (match (assq 'kernel-arguments rest) ((_ args) args) (#f '()))))) ;the old format (x ;unsupported format (warning (_ "unrecognized boot parameters for '~a'~%") system) #f))) ;;; system.scm ends here