Correction, the file "charset.alias" is only installed for groff for glibc < 2.1 .
The code that reads charset.alias is always created.
What could possibly go wrong?

Anyway, I suggest the following minimal patch:

diff --git a/gnu/packages/groff.scm b/gnu/packages/groff.scm
index 77728a5d7..ee2896367 100644
--- a/gnu/packages/groff.scm
+++ b/gnu/packages/groff.scm
@@ -62,6 +62,16 @@
     `(#:parallel-build? #f   ; parallel build fails
       #:phases
       (modify-phases %standard-phases
+        (add-after 'unpack 'disable-relocatability
+          (lambda _
+            (substitute* "src/libs/libgroff/Makefile.sub"
+             (("-DENABLE_RELOCATABLE=1") ""))
+            ;; That file contains a crash bug--so make sure that
+            ;; its contents are not there.
+            (call-with-output-file "src/libs/libgroff/relocate.cpp"
+              (lambda (port)
+                #t))
+            #t))
         (add-after 'unpack 'setenv
           (lambda _
             (setenv "GS_GENERATE_UUIDS" "0")

I filed an upstream bug report:

https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/index.php?55475