Help: equivalent syntax-case to defmacro

Help: equivalent syntax-case to defmacro

[Dale Mellor]

Been struggling with this for a while, and nothing I try works.

In test-suite/tests/getopt-long there is

     (defmacro deferr (name-frag re)
        (let ((name (symbol-append 'exception: name-frag)))
           `(define ,name (cons 'quit ,re))))

     (deferr no-such-option "no such option")
     (display exception:no-such-option)

and I would like to know how the equivalent with define-syntax... syntax-case would look.

Thanks,
Dale

Re: Help: equivalent syntax-case to defmacro

[Taylan Kammer]

On 05.05.2020 19:34, Dale Mellor wrote:
> Been struggling with this for a while, and nothing I try works.
> 
> In test-suite/tests/getopt-long there is
> 
>       (defmacro deferr (name-frag re)
>          (let ((name (symbol-append 'exception: name-frag)))
>             `(define ,name (cons 'quit ,re))))
> 
>       (deferr no-such-option "no such option")
>       (display exception:no-such-option)
> 
> and I would like to know how the equivalent with define-syntax... syntax-case would look.

(define-syntax deferr
   (lambda (s)
     (syntax-case s ()
       ((_ name-frag re)
        (let* ((name-frag-sym (syntax->datum #'name-frag))
               (name-sym (symbol-append 'exception: name-frag-sym))
               (name (datum->syntax #'name-frag name-sym)))
          #`(define #,name (cons 'quit re)))))))

Some notes to help understand this:

- Syntax-case deals with syntax objects rather than raw symbols.  We use 
syntax->datum to turn 'name-frag' into a symbol and datum->syntax to 
turn it back into a syntax object.

- For some reason, the pattern variables bound via syntax-case (i.e. 
'name-frag' and 're' in our case) are forbidden by syntax-case to be 
referenced outside of a #' or #` form.  They must always appear in one 
of those, period.  Hence we have to call (syntax->datum #'name-frag) 
instead of simply (syntax->datum name-frag).  Honestly I still don't 
know why they designed it this way.

- The datum->syntax form requires its first argument to be an existing 
syntax object, which will tell datum->syntax for which "syntax context" 
you're creating your new syntax object.  In this case I'm passing it 
#'name-frag because the context where that comes from is the context in 
which the resulting full name will be used.

- In the output form starting with #` the 're' pattern variable can 
appear naked, whereas the manually created 'name' syntax object must be 
inserted with the #, form.  (This is related to the same design 
weirdness I mentioned before so don't ask me why.)


Hope that helps!  Happy to answer further questions.  Syntax-case is 
very tricky but once you get it, it's amazing.

- Taylan