\version "2.23.1"

#(define-macro (prepend! thing lst)
   `(set! ,lst (cons ,thing ,lst)))

addStaccato =
#(define-music-function (music) (ly:music?)
   (map-some-music
     (lambda (m)
       (if (music-is-of-type? m 'note-event)
           (prepend! (make-music 'ArticulationEvent 'articulation-type "staccato")
                     (ly:music-property m 'articulations)))
       #f)
     music))

\addStaccato { c'4 d' e'8 f' g' a' }