GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Andy Wingo]

We are delighted to announce GNU Guile release 3.0.0, the first in the
new 3.0 stable release series.

Compared to the previous stable series (2.2.x), Guile 3.0 adds support
for just-in-time native code generation, speeding up all Guile programs.
See the NEWS extract at the end of the mail for full details.


The Guile web page is located at http://gnu.org/software/guile/, and
among other things, it contains a copy of the Guile manual and pointers
to more resources.

Guile is an implementation of the Scheme programming language, packaged
for use in a wide variety of environments.  In addition to implementing
the R5RS, R6RS, and R7RS Scheme standards, Guile includes full access to
POSIX system calls, networking support, multiple threads, dynamic
linking, a foreign function call interface, powerful string processing,
and HTTP client and server implementations.

Guile can run interactively, as a script interpreter, and as a Scheme
compiler to VM bytecode.  It is also packaged as a library so that
applications can easily incorporate a complete Scheme interpreter/VM.
An application can use Guile as an extension language, a clean and
powerful configuration language, or as multi-purpose "glue" to connect
primitives provided by the application.  It is easy to call Scheme code
from C code and vice versa.  Applications can add new functions, data
types, control structures, and even syntax to Guile, to create a
domain-specific language tailored to the task at hand.

Guile 3.0.0 can be installed in parallel with Guile 2.2.x; see
http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/manual/html_node/Parallel-Installations.html.

A more detailed NEWS summary follows these details on how to get the
Guile sources.

Here are the compressed sources:
  http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz   (10MB)
  http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz   (12MB)
  http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz   (21MB)

Here are the GPG detached signatures[*]:
  http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz.sig
  http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz.sig
  http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig

Use a mirror for higher download bandwidth:
  http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html

Here are the SHA256 checksums:

  e28c450d11f7335769f607214f9b79547400881ddbbc9805ccf3ce2121aa97e0  guile-3.0.0.tar.lz
  c9138d6595a9f69bf9733d0bc2d3b9f3d8b79f35f289006912b3361cb0510c75  guile-3.0.0.tar.xz
  049b286849fa9764fac781071c4ec9daef707da51e5050ffb498d7bf6422da2f  guile-3.0.0.tar.gz

[*] Use a .sig file to verify that the corresponding file (without the
.sig suffix) is intact.  First, be sure to download both the .sig file
and the corresponding tarball.  Then, run a command like this:

  gpg --verify guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig

If that command fails because you don't have the required public key,
then run this command to import it:

  gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 4FD4D288D445934E0A14F9A5A8803732E4436885

and rerun the 'gpg --verify' command.

This release was bootstrapped with the following tools:
  Autoconf 2.69
  Automake 1.16.1
  Libtool 2.4.6
  Gnulib v0.1-1157-gb03f418
  Makeinfo 6.7

An extract from NEWS follows.


Changes in 3.0.0 (since the stable 2.2 series):

* Notable changes

** Just-in-time code generation

Guile programs now run up to 4 times faster, relative to Guile 2.2,
thanks to just-in-time (JIT) native code generation.  Notably, this
brings the performance of "eval" as written in Scheme back to the level
of "eval" written in C, as in the days of Guile 1.8.

See "Just-In-Time Native Code" in the manual, for more information.  JIT
compilation will be enabled automatically and transparently.  To disable
JIT compilation, configure Guile with `--enable-jit=no' or
`--disable-jit'.  The default is `--enable-jit=auto', which enables the
JIT if it is available.  See `./configure --help' for more.

JIT compilation is enabled by default on x86-64, i686, ARMv7, and
AArch64 targets.

** Lower-level bytecode

Relative to the virtual machine in Guile 2.2, Guile's VM instruction set
is now more low-level.  This allows it to express more advanced
optimizations, for example type check elision or integer
devirtualization, and makes the task of JIT code generation easier.

Note that this change can mean that for a given function, the
corresponding number of instructions in Guile 3.0 may be higher than
Guile 2.2, which can lead to slowdowns when the function is interpreted.
We hope that JIT compilation more than makes up for this slight
slowdown.

** Interleaved internal definitions and expressions allowed

It used to be that internal definitions had to precede all expressions
in their bodies.  This restriction has been relaxed.  If an expression
precedes an internal definition, it is treated as if it were a
definition of an unreferenced variable.  For example, the expression
`(foo)' transforms to the equivalent of `(define _ (begin (foo) #f))',
if it precedes other definitions.

This change improves the readability of Guile programs, as it used to be
that program indentation tended to increase needlessly to allow nested
`let' and `letrec' to re-establish definition contexts after initial
expressions, for example for type-checks on procedure arguments.

** Record unification

Guile used to have a number of implementations of structured data types
in the form of "records": a core facility, SRFI-9 (records), SRFI-35
(condition types -- a form of records) and R6RS records.  These
facilities were not compatible, as they all were built in different
ways.  This had the unfortunate corollary that SRFI-35 conditions were
not compatible with R6RS conditions.  To fix this problem, we have now
added the union of functionality from all of these record types into
core records: single-inheritance subtyping, mutable and immutable
fields, and so on.  See "Records" in the manual, for full details.

R6RS records, SRFI-9 records, and the SRFI-35 and R6RS exception types
have been accordingly "rebased" on top of core records.

** Reimplementation of exceptions

Since Guile's origins 25 years ago, `throw' and `catch' have been the
primary exception-handling primitives.  However these primitives have
two problems.  One is that it's hard to handle exceptions in a
structured way using `catch'.  Few people remember what the
corresponding `key' and `args' are that an exception handler would see
in response to a call to `error', for example.  In practice, this
results in more generic catch-all exception handling than one might
like.

The other problem is that `throw', `catch', and especially
`with-throw-handler' are quite unlike what the rest of the Scheme world
uses.  R6RS and R7RS, for example, have mostly converged on
SRFI-34-style `with-exception-handler' and `raise' primitives, and
encourage the use of SRFI-35-style structured exception objects to
describe the error.  Guile's R6RS layer incorporates an adapter between
`throw'/`catch' and structured exception handling, but it didn't apply
to SRFI-34/SRFI-35, and we would have to duplicate it for R7RS.

In light of these considerations, Guile has now changed to make
`with-exception-handler' and `raise-exception' its primitives for
exception handling and defined a hierarchy of R6RS-style exception types
in its core.  SRFI-34/35, R6RS, and the exception-handling components of
SRFI-18 (threads) have been re-implemented in terms of this core
functionality.  There is also a a compatibility layer that makes it so
that exceptions originating in `throw' can be handled by
`with-exception-hander', and vice-versa for `raise-exception' and
`catch'.

Generally speaking, users will see no difference.  The one significant
difference is that users of SRFI-34 will see more exceptions flowing
through their `with-exception-handler'/`guard' forms, because whereas
before they would only see exceptions thrown by SRFI-34, now they will
see exceptions thrown by R6RS, R7RS, or indeed `throw'.

Guile's situation is transitional.  Most exceptions are still signalled
via `throw'.  These will probably migrate over time to
`raise-exception', while preserving compatibility of course.

See "Exceptions" in the manual, for full details on the new API.

** `guard' no longer unwinds the stack for clause tests

SRFI-34, and then R6RS and R7RS, defines a `guard' form that is a
shorthand for `with-exception-handler'.  The cond-like clauses for the
exception handling are specified to run with the continuation of the
`guard', while any re-propagation of the exception happens with the
continuation of the original `raise'.

In practice, this means that one needs full `call-with-continuation' to
implement the specified semantics, to be able to unwind the stack to the
cond clauses, then rewind if none match.  This is not only quite
expensive, it is also error-prone as one usually doesn't want to rewind
dynamic-wind guards in an exceptional situation.  Additionally, as
continuations bind tightly to the current thread, it makes it impossible
to migrate a subcomputation with a different thread if a `guard' is live
on the stack, as is done in Fibers.

Guile now works around these issues by running the test portion of the
guard expressions within the original `raise' continuation, and only
unwinding once a test matches.  This is an incompatible semantic change
but we think the situation is globally much better, and we expect that
very few people will be affected by the change.

** Optimization of top-level bindings within a compilation unit

At optimization level 2 and above, Guile's compiler is now allowed to
inline top-level definitions within a compilation unit.  See
"Declarative Modules" in the manual, for full details.  This change can
improve the performance of programs with many small top-level
definitions by quite a bit!

At optimization level 3 and above, Guile will assume that any top-level
binding in a declarative compilation unit that isn't exported from a
module can be completely inlined into its uses.  (Prior to this change,
-O3 was the same as -O2.)  Note that with this new
`seal-private-bindings' pass, private declarative bindings are no longer
available for access from the first-class module reflection API.  The
optimizations afforded by this pass can be useful when you need a speed
boost, but having them enabled at optimization level 3 means they are
not on by default, as they change Guile's behavior in ways that users
might not expect.

** By default, GOOPS classes are not redefinable

It used to be that all GOOPS classes were redefinable, at least in
theory.  This facility was supported by an indirection in all "struct"
instances, even though only a subset of structs would need redefinition.
We wanted to remove this indirection, in order to speed up Guile
records, allow immutable Guile records to eventually be described by
classes, and allow for some optimizations in core GOOPS classes that
shouldn't be redefined anyway.

Thus in GOOPS now there are classes that are redefinable and classes
that aren't.  By default, classes created with GOOPS are not
redefinable.  To make a class redefinable, it should be an instance of
`<redefinable-class>'.  See "Redefining a Class" in the manual for more
information.

** Define top-level bindings for aux syntax: `else', `=>', `...', `_'

These auxiliary syntax definitions are specified to be defined in the
R6RS and the R7RS.  They were previously unbound, even in the R6RS
modules.  This change is not anticipated to cause any incompatibility
with existing Guile code, and improves things for R6RS and R7RS users.

** Conventional gettext alias is now `G_'

Related to the last point, since the "Fix literal matching for
module-bound literals" change in the 2.2 series, it was no longer
possible to use the conventional `_' binding as an alias for `gettext',
because a local `_' definition would prevent `_' from being recognized
as auxiliary syntax for `match', `syntax-rules', and similar.  The new
recommended conventional alias for `gettext' is `G_'.

** Add --r6rs command-line option

The new `install-r6rs!' procedure adapts Guile's defaults to be more
R6RS-compatible.  This procedure is called if the user passes `--r6rs'
as a command-line argument.  See "R6RS Incompatibilities" in the manual,
for full details.

** Add support for R7RS

Thanks to Göran Weinholt and OKUMURA Yuki, Guile now implements the R7RS
modules.  As the R7RS library syntax is a subset of R6RS, to use R7RS
you just `(import (scheme base))' and off you go.  As with R6RS also,
there are some small lexical incompatibilities regarding hex escapes;
see "R6RS Support" in the manual, for full details.

Also as with R6RS, there is an `install-r7rs!' procedure and a `--r7rs'
command-line option.

** Add #:re-export-and-replace argument to `define-module'

This new keyword specifies a set of bindings to re-export, but also
marks them as intended to replace core bindings.  See "Creating Guile
Modules" in the manual, for full details.

Note to make this change, we had to change the way replacement flags are
stored, to being associated with modules instead of individual variable
objects.  This means that users who #:re-export an imported binding that
was already marked as #:replace by another module will now see warnings,
as they need to use #:re-export-and-replace instead.

** `define-module' #:autoload no longer pulls in the whole module

One of the ways that a module can use another is "autoloads".  For
example:

  (define-module (a) #:autoload (b) (make-b))

In this example, module `(b)' will only be imported when the `make-b'
identifier is referenced.  However besides the imprecision about when a
given binding is actually referenced, this mechanism used to cause the
whole imported module to become available, not just the specified
bindings.  This has now been changed to only import the specified bindings.

This is a backward-incompatible change.  The fix is to mention all
bindings of interest in the autoload clause.  Feedback is welcome.

** Improve SRFI-43 vector-fill!

SRFI-43 vector-fill! now has the same performance whether an optional
range is provided or not, and is also provided in core.  As a side
effect, vector-fill! and vector_fill_x no longer work on non-vector
rank-1 arrays.  Such cases were handled incorrectly before; for example,
prior to this change:

  (define a (make-vector 10 'x))
  (define b (make-shared-array a (lambda (i) (list (* 2 i))) 5))
  (vector-fill! b 'y)

  => #1(y y y x x)

This is now an error.  Instead, use array-fill!.

** `iota' in core and SRFI-1 `iota' are the same

Previously, `iota' in core would not accept start and step arguments and
would return an empty list for negative count. Now there is only one
`iota' function with the extended semantics of SRFI-1.  Note that as an
incompatible change, core `iota' no longer accepts a negative count.

** Improved Transport Layer Security (TLS) support in (web client)

`http-request', `http-get', and related procedures from (web client) are
able to access content over TLS ("HTTPS") since Guile 2.2.  However,
that support lacked important facilities, which are now available.

First, these procedures now have a #:verify-certificates?  parameter to
enable or disable the verification of X.509 server certificates.  The
new `x509-certificate-directory' SRFI-39 parameter specifies X.509
certificates are searched for.  Second, HTTPS proxies are now supported
(in addition to HTTP proxies) and the new `current-https-proxy'
parameter controls that.  See "Web Client" in the manual for details.

* New deprecations

** scm_t_uint8, etc deprecated in favor of C99 stdint.h

It used to be that Guile defined its own `scm_t_uint8' because C99
`uint8_t' wasn't widely enough available.  Now Guile finally made the
change to use C99 types, both internally and in Guile's public headers.

Note that this also applies to SCM_T_UINT8_MAX, SCM_T_INT8_MIN, for intN
and uintN for N in 8, 16, 32, and 64.  Guile also now uses ptrdiff_t
instead of scm_t_ptrdiff, and similarly for intmax_t, uintmax_t,
intptr_t, and uintptr_t.

** The two-argument form of `record-constructor'

Calling `record-constructor' with two arguments (the record type and a
list of field names) is deprecated.  Instead, call with just one
argument, and provide a wrapper around that constructor if needed.

* Incompatible changes

** All deprecated code removed

All code deprecated in Guile 2.2 has been removed.  See older NEWS, and
check that your programs can compile without linker warnings and run
without runtime warnings.  See "Deprecation" in the manual.

In particular, the function `scm_generalized_vector_get_handle' which
was deprecated in 2.0.9 but remained in 2.2, has now finally been
removed. As a replacement, use `scm_array_get_handle' to get a handle
and `scm_array_handle_rank' to check the rank.

** Remove "self" field from vtables and "redefined" field from classes

These fields were used as part of the machinery for class redefinition
and is no longer needed.

** VM hook manipulation simplified

The low-level mechanism to instrument a running virtual machine for
debugging and tracing has been simplified.  See "VM Hooks" in the
manual, for more.

* Changes to the distribution

** New effective version

The "effective version" of Guile is now 3.0, which allows parallel
installation with other effective versions (for example, the older Guile
2.2).  See "Parallel Installations" in the manual for full details.
Notably, the `pkg-config' file is now `guile-3.0', and there are new
`guile-3' and `guile-3.0' features for `cond-expand'.

Re: GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Stefan Israelsson Tampe]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 18918 bytes --]

Actually the change of adding a binding resulted in a change in python on
guile. There the python module which is compiled to a minimal lisp (and not
tree il) needed to import the else binding.

Den tor 16 jan 2020 12:04Andy Wingo <wingo@pobox.com> skrev:

> We are delighted to announce GNU Guile release 3.0.0, the first in the
> new 3.0 stable release series.
>
> Compared to the previous stable series (2.2.x), Guile 3.0 adds support
> for just-in-time native code generation, speeding up all Guile programs.
> See the NEWS extract at the end of the mail for full details.
>
>
> The Guile web page is located at http://gnu.org/software/guile/, and
> among other things, it contains a copy of the Guile manual and pointers
> to more resources.
>
> Guile is an implementation of the Scheme programming language, packaged
> for use in a wide variety of environments.  In addition to implementing
> the R5RS, R6RS, and R7RS Scheme standards, Guile includes full access to
> POSIX system calls, networking support, multiple threads, dynamic
> linking, a foreign function call interface, powerful string processing,
> and HTTP client and server implementations.
>
> Guile can run interactively, as a script interpreter, and as a Scheme
> compiler to VM bytecode.  It is also packaged as a library so that
> applications can easily incorporate a complete Scheme interpreter/VM.
> An application can use Guile as an extension language, a clean and
> powerful configuration language, or as multi-purpose "glue" to connect
> primitives provided by the application.  It is easy to call Scheme code
> from C code and vice versa.  Applications can add new functions, data
> types, control structures, and even syntax to Guile, to create a
> domain-specific language tailored to the task at hand.
>
> Guile 3.0.0 can be installed in parallel with Guile 2.2.x; see
>
> http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/manual/html_node/Parallel-Installations.html
> .
>
> A more detailed NEWS summary follows these details on how to get the
> Guile sources.
>
> Here are the compressed sources:
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz   (10MB)
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz   (12MB)
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz   (21MB)
>
> Here are the GPG detached signatures[*]:
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz.sig
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz.sig
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig
>
> Use a mirror for higher download bandwidth:
>   http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html
>
> Here are the SHA256 checksums:
>
>   e28c450d11f7335769f607214f9b79547400881ddbbc9805ccf3ce2121aa97e0
> guile-3.0.0.tar.lz
>   c9138d6595a9f69bf9733d0bc2d3b9f3d8b79f35f289006912b3361cb0510c75
> guile-3.0.0.tar.xz
>   049b286849fa9764fac781071c4ec9daef707da51e5050ffb498d7bf6422da2f
> guile-3.0.0.tar.gz
>
> [*] Use a .sig file to verify that the corresponding file (without the
> .sig suffix) is intact.  First, be sure to download both the .sig file
> and the corresponding tarball.  Then, run a command like this:
>
>   gpg --verify guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig
>
> If that command fails because you don't have the required public key,
> then run this command to import it:
>
>   gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys
> 4FD4D288D445934E0A14F9A5A8803732E4436885
>
> and rerun the 'gpg --verify' command.
>
> This release was bootstrapped with the following tools:
>   Autoconf 2.69
>   Automake 1.16.1
>   Libtool 2.4.6
>   Gnulib v0.1-1157-gb03f418
>   Makeinfo 6.7
>
> An extract from NEWS follows.
>
>
> Changes in 3.0.0 (since the stable 2.2 series):
>
> * Notable changes
>
> ** Just-in-time code generation
>
> Guile programs now run up to 4 times faster, relative to Guile 2.2,
> thanks to just-in-time (JIT) native code generation.  Notably, this
> brings the performance of "eval" as written in Scheme back to the level
> of "eval" written in C, as in the days of Guile 1.8.
>
> See "Just-In-Time Native Code" in the manual, for more information.  JIT
> compilation will be enabled automatically and transparently.  To disable
> JIT compilation, configure Guile with `--enable-jit=no' or
> `--disable-jit'.  The default is `--enable-jit=auto', which enables the
> JIT if it is available.  See `./configure --help' for more.
>
> JIT compilation is enabled by default on x86-64, i686, ARMv7, and
> AArch64 targets.
>
> ** Lower-level bytecode
>
> Relative to the virtual machine in Guile 2.2, Guile's VM instruction set
> is now more low-level.  This allows it to express more advanced
> optimizations, for example type check elision or integer
> devirtualization, and makes the task of JIT code generation easier.
>
> Note that this change can mean that for a given function, the
> corresponding number of instructions in Guile 3.0 may be higher than
> Guile 2.2, which can lead to slowdowns when the function is interpreted.
> We hope that JIT compilation more than makes up for this slight
> slowdown.
>
> ** Interleaved internal definitions and expressions allowed
>
> It used to be that internal definitions had to precede all expressions
> in their bodies.  This restriction has been relaxed.  If an expression
> precedes an internal definition, it is treated as if it were a
> definition of an unreferenced variable.  For example, the expression
> `(foo)' transforms to the equivalent of `(define _ (begin (foo) #f))',
> if it precedes other definitions.
>
> This change improves the readability of Guile programs, as it used to be
> that program indentation tended to increase needlessly to allow nested
> `let' and `letrec' to re-establish definition contexts after initial
> expressions, for example for type-checks on procedure arguments.
>
> ** Record unification
>
> Guile used to have a number of implementations of structured data types
> in the form of "records": a core facility, SRFI-9 (records), SRFI-35
> (condition types -- a form of records) and R6RS records.  These
> facilities were not compatible, as they all were built in different
> ways.  This had the unfortunate corollary that SRFI-35 conditions were
> not compatible with R6RS conditions.  To fix this problem, we have now
> added the union of functionality from all of these record types into
> core records: single-inheritance subtyping, mutable and immutable
> fields, and so on.  See "Records" in the manual, for full details.
>
> R6RS records, SRFI-9 records, and the SRFI-35 and R6RS exception types
> have been accordingly "rebased" on top of core records.
>
> ** Reimplementation of exceptions
>
> Since Guile's origins 25 years ago, `throw' and `catch' have been the
> primary exception-handling primitives.  However these primitives have
> two problems.  One is that it's hard to handle exceptions in a
> structured way using `catch'.  Few people remember what the
> corresponding `key' and `args' are that an exception handler would see
> in response to a call to `error', for example.  In practice, this
> results in more generic catch-all exception handling than one might
> like.
>
> The other problem is that `throw', `catch', and especially
> `with-throw-handler' are quite unlike what the rest of the Scheme world
> uses.  R6RS and R7RS, for example, have mostly converged on
> SRFI-34-style `with-exception-handler' and `raise' primitives, and
> encourage the use of SRFI-35-style structured exception objects to
> describe the error.  Guile's R6RS layer incorporates an adapter between
> `throw'/`catch' and structured exception handling, but it didn't apply
> to SRFI-34/SRFI-35, and we would have to duplicate it for R7RS.
>
> In light of these considerations, Guile has now changed to make
> `with-exception-handler' and `raise-exception' its primitives for
> exception handling and defined a hierarchy of R6RS-style exception types
> in its core.  SRFI-34/35, R6RS, and the exception-handling components of
> SRFI-18 (threads) have been re-implemented in terms of this core
> functionality.  There is also a a compatibility layer that makes it so
> that exceptions originating in `throw' can be handled by
> `with-exception-hander', and vice-versa for `raise-exception' and
> `catch'.
>
> Generally speaking, users will see no difference.  The one significant
> difference is that users of SRFI-34 will see more exceptions flowing
> through their `with-exception-handler'/`guard' forms, because whereas
> before they would only see exceptions thrown by SRFI-34, now they will
> see exceptions thrown by R6RS, R7RS, or indeed `throw'.
>
> Guile's situation is transitional.  Most exceptions are still signalled
> via `throw'.  These will probably migrate over time to
> `raise-exception', while preserving compatibility of course.
>
> See "Exceptions" in the manual, for full details on the new API.
>
> ** `guard' no longer unwinds the stack for clause tests
>
> SRFI-34, and then R6RS and R7RS, defines a `guard' form that is a
> shorthand for `with-exception-handler'.  The cond-like clauses for the
> exception handling are specified to run with the continuation of the
> `guard', while any re-propagation of the exception happens with the
> continuation of the original `raise'.
>
> In practice, this means that one needs full `call-with-continuation' to
> implement the specified semantics, to be able to unwind the stack to the
> cond clauses, then rewind if none match.  This is not only quite
> expensive, it is also error-prone as one usually doesn't want to rewind
> dynamic-wind guards in an exceptional situation.  Additionally, as
> continuations bind tightly to the current thread, it makes it impossible
> to migrate a subcomputation with a different thread if a `guard' is live
> on the stack, as is done in Fibers.
>
> Guile now works around these issues by running the test portion of the
> guard expressions within the original `raise' continuation, and only
> unwinding once a test matches.  This is an incompatible semantic change
> but we think the situation is globally much better, and we expect that
> very few people will be affected by the change.
>
> ** Optimization of top-level bindings within a compilation unit
>
> At optimization level 2 and above, Guile's compiler is now allowed to
> inline top-level definitions within a compilation unit.  See
> "Declarative Modules" in the manual, for full details.  This change can
> improve the performance of programs with many small top-level
> definitions by quite a bit!
>
> At optimization level 3 and above, Guile will assume that any top-level
> binding in a declarative compilation unit that isn't exported from a
> module can be completely inlined into its uses.  (Prior to this change,
> -O3 was the same as -O2.)  Note that with this new
> `seal-private-bindings' pass, private declarative bindings are no longer
> available for access from the first-class module reflection API.  The
> optimizations afforded by this pass can be useful when you need a speed
> boost, but having them enabled at optimization level 3 means they are
> not on by default, as they change Guile's behavior in ways that users
> might not expect.
>
> ** By default, GOOPS classes are not redefinable
>
> It used to be that all GOOPS classes were redefinable, at least in
> theory.  This facility was supported by an indirection in all "struct"
> instances, even though only a subset of structs would need redefinition.
> We wanted to remove this indirection, in order to speed up Guile
> records, allow immutable Guile records to eventually be described by
> classes, and allow for some optimizations in core GOOPS classes that
> shouldn't be redefined anyway.
>
> Thus in GOOPS now there are classes that are redefinable and classes
> that aren't.  By default, classes created with GOOPS are not
> redefinable.  To make a class redefinable, it should be an instance of
> `<redefinable-class>'.  See "Redefining a Class" in the manual for more
> information.
>
> ** Define top-level bindings for aux syntax: `else', `=>', `...', `_'
>
> These auxiliary syntax definitions are specified to be defined in the
> R6RS and the R7RS.  They were previously unbound, even in the R6RS
> modules.  This change is not anticipated to cause any incompatibility
> with existing Guile code, and improves things for R6RS and R7RS users.
>
> ** Conventional gettext alias is now `G_'
>
> Related to the last point, since the "Fix literal matching for
> module-bound literals" change in the 2.2 series, it was no longer
> possible to use the conventional `_' binding as an alias for `gettext',
> because a local `_' definition would prevent `_' from being recognized
> as auxiliary syntax for `match', `syntax-rules', and similar.  The new
> recommended conventional alias for `gettext' is `G_'.
>
> ** Add --r6rs command-line option
>
> The new `install-r6rs!' procedure adapts Guile's defaults to be more
> R6RS-compatible.  This procedure is called if the user passes `--r6rs'
> as a command-line argument.  See "R6RS Incompatibilities" in the manual,
> for full details.
>
> ** Add support for R7RS
>
> Thanks to Göran Weinholt and OKUMURA Yuki, Guile now implements the R7RS
> modules.  As the R7RS library syntax is a subset of R6RS, to use R7RS
> you just `(import (scheme base))' and off you go.  As with R6RS also,
> there are some small lexical incompatibilities regarding hex escapes;
> see "R6RS Support" in the manual, for full details.
>
> Also as with R6RS, there is an `install-r7rs!' procedure and a `--r7rs'
> command-line option.
>
> ** Add #:re-export-and-replace argument to `define-module'
>
> This new keyword specifies a set of bindings to re-export, but also
> marks them as intended to replace core bindings.  See "Creating Guile
> Modules" in the manual, for full details.
>
> Note to make this change, we had to change the way replacement flags are
> stored, to being associated with modules instead of individual variable
> objects.  This means that users who #:re-export an imported binding that
> was already marked as #:replace by another module will now see warnings,
> as they need to use #:re-export-and-replace instead.
>
> ** `define-module' #:autoload no longer pulls in the whole module
>
> One of the ways that a module can use another is "autoloads".  For
> example:
>
>   (define-module (a) #:autoload (b) (make-b))
>
> In this example, module `(b)' will only be imported when the `make-b'
> identifier is referenced.  However besides the imprecision about when a
> given binding is actually referenced, this mechanism used to cause the
> whole imported module to become available, not just the specified
> bindings.  This has now been changed to only import the specified bindings.
>
> This is a backward-incompatible change.  The fix is to mention all
> bindings of interest in the autoload clause.  Feedback is welcome.
>
> ** Improve SRFI-43 vector-fill!
>
> SRFI-43 vector-fill! now has the same performance whether an optional
> range is provided or not, and is also provided in core.  As a side
> effect, vector-fill! and vector_fill_x no longer work on non-vector
> rank-1 arrays.  Such cases were handled incorrectly before; for example,
> prior to this change:
>
>   (define a (make-vector 10 'x))
>   (define b (make-shared-array a (lambda (i) (list (* 2 i))) 5))
>   (vector-fill! b 'y)
>
>   => #1(y y y x x)
>
> This is now an error.  Instead, use array-fill!.
>
> ** `iota' in core and SRFI-1 `iota' are the same
>
> Previously, `iota' in core would not accept start and step arguments and
> would return an empty list for negative count. Now there is only one
> `iota' function with the extended semantics of SRFI-1.  Note that as an
> incompatible change, core `iota' no longer accepts a negative count.
>
> ** Improved Transport Layer Security (TLS) support in (web client)
>
> `http-request', `http-get', and related procedures from (web client) are
> able to access content over TLS ("HTTPS") since Guile 2.2.  However,
> that support lacked important facilities, which are now available.
>
> First, these procedures now have a #:verify-certificates?  parameter to
> enable or disable the verification of X.509 server certificates.  The
> new `x509-certificate-directory' SRFI-39 parameter specifies X.509
> certificates are searched for.  Second, HTTPS proxies are now supported
> (in addition to HTTP proxies) and the new `current-https-proxy'
> parameter controls that.  See "Web Client" in the manual for details.
>
> * New deprecations
>
> ** scm_t_uint8, etc deprecated in favor of C99 stdint.h
>
> It used to be that Guile defined its own `scm_t_uint8' because C99
> `uint8_t' wasn't widely enough available.  Now Guile finally made the
> change to use C99 types, both internally and in Guile's public headers.
>
> Note that this also applies to SCM_T_UINT8_MAX, SCM_T_INT8_MIN, for intN
> and uintN for N in 8, 16, 32, and 64.  Guile also now uses ptrdiff_t
> instead of scm_t_ptrdiff, and similarly for intmax_t, uintmax_t,
> intptr_t, and uintptr_t.
>
> ** The two-argument form of `record-constructor'
>
> Calling `record-constructor' with two arguments (the record type and a
> list of field names) is deprecated.  Instead, call with just one
> argument, and provide a wrapper around that constructor if needed.
>
> * Incompatible changes
>
> ** All deprecated code removed
>
> All code deprecated in Guile 2.2 has been removed.  See older NEWS, and
> check that your programs can compile without linker warnings and run
> without runtime warnings.  See "Deprecation" in the manual.
>
> In particular, the function `scm_generalized_vector_get_handle' which
> was deprecated in 2.0.9 but remained in 2.2, has now finally been
> removed. As a replacement, use `scm_array_get_handle' to get a handle
> and `scm_array_handle_rank' to check the rank.
>
> ** Remove "self" field from vtables and "redefined" field from classes
>
> These fields were used as part of the machinery for class redefinition
> and is no longer needed.
>
> ** VM hook manipulation simplified
>
> The low-level mechanism to instrument a running virtual machine for
> debugging and tracing has been simplified.  See "VM Hooks" in the
> manual, for more.
>
> * Changes to the distribution
>
> ** New effective version
>
> The "effective version" of Guile is now 3.0, which allows parallel
> installation with other effective versions (for example, the older Guile
> 2.2).  See "Parallel Installations" in the manual for full details.
> Notably, the `pkg-config' file is now `guile-3.0', and there are new
> `guile-3' and `guile-3.0' features for `cond-expand'.
>
>

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Re: GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Stefan Israelsson Tampe]

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Many thanks wingo and team, really great work!!

On Thu, Jan 16, 2020 at 6:56 PM Stefan Israelsson Tampe <
stefan.itampe@gmail.com> wrote:

> Actually the change of adding a binding resulted in a change in python on
> guile. There the python module which is compiled to a minimal lisp (and not
> tree il) needed to import the else binding.
>
> Den tor 16 jan 2020 12:04Andy Wingo <wingo@pobox.com> skrev:
>
>> We are delighted to announce GNU Guile release 3.0.0, the first in the
>> new 3.0 stable release series.
>>
>> Compared to the previous stable series (2.2.x), Guile 3.0 adds support
>> for just-in-time native code generation, speeding up all Guile programs.
>> See the NEWS extract at the end of the mail for full details.
>>
>>
>> The Guile web page is located at http://gnu.org/software/guile/, and
>> among other things, it contains a copy of the Guile manual and pointers
>> to more resources.
>>
>> Guile is an implementation of the Scheme programming language, packaged
>> for use in a wide variety of environments.  In addition to implementing
>> the R5RS, R6RS, and R7RS Scheme standards, Guile includes full access to
>> POSIX system calls, networking support, multiple threads, dynamic
>> linking, a foreign function call interface, powerful string processing,
>> and HTTP client and server implementations.
>>
>> Guile can run interactively, as a script interpreter, and as a Scheme
>> compiler to VM bytecode.  It is also packaged as a library so that
>> applications can easily incorporate a complete Scheme interpreter/VM.
>> An application can use Guile as an extension language, a clean and
>> powerful configuration language, or as multi-purpose "glue" to connect
>> primitives provided by the application.  It is easy to call Scheme code
>> from C code and vice versa.  Applications can add new functions, data
>> types, control structures, and even syntax to Guile, to create a
>> domain-specific language tailored to the task at hand.
>>
>> Guile 3.0.0 can be installed in parallel with Guile 2.2.x; see
>>
>> http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/manual/html_node/Parallel-Installations.html
>> .
>>
>> A more detailed NEWS summary follows these details on how to get the
>> Guile sources.
>>
>> Here are the compressed sources:
>>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz   (10MB)
>>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz   (12MB)
>>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz   (21MB)
>>
>> Here are the GPG detached signatures[*]:
>>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz.sig
>>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz.sig
>>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig
>>
>> Use a mirror for higher download bandwidth:
>>   http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html
>>
>> Here are the SHA256 checksums:
>>
>>   e28c450d11f7335769f607214f9b79547400881ddbbc9805ccf3ce2121aa97e0
>> guile-3.0.0.tar.lz
>>   c9138d6595a9f69bf9733d0bc2d3b9f3d8b79f35f289006912b3361cb0510c75
>> guile-3.0.0.tar.xz
>>   049b286849fa9764fac781071c4ec9daef707da51e5050ffb498d7bf6422da2f
>> guile-3.0.0.tar.gz
>>
>> [*] Use a .sig file to verify that the corresponding file (without the
>> .sig suffix) is intact.  First, be sure to download both the .sig file
>> and the corresponding tarball.  Then, run a command like this:
>>
>>   gpg --verify guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig
>>
>> If that command fails because you don't have the required public key,
>> then run this command to import it:
>>
>>   gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys
>> 4FD4D288D445934E0A14F9A5A8803732E4436885
>>
>> and rerun the 'gpg --verify' command.
>>
>> This release was bootstrapped with the following tools:
>>   Autoconf 2.69
>>   Automake 1.16.1
>>   Libtool 2.4.6
>>   Gnulib v0.1-1157-gb03f418
>>   Makeinfo 6.7
>>
>> An extract from NEWS follows.
>>
>>
>> Changes in 3.0.0 (since the stable 2.2 series):
>>
>> * Notable changes
>>
>> ** Just-in-time code generation
>>
>> Guile programs now run up to 4 times faster, relative to Guile 2.2,
>> thanks to just-in-time (JIT) native code generation.  Notably, this
>> brings the performance of "eval" as written in Scheme back to the level
>> of "eval" written in C, as in the days of Guile 1.8.
>>
>> See "Just-In-Time Native Code" in the manual, for more information.  JIT
>> compilation will be enabled automatically and transparently.  To disable
>> JIT compilation, configure Guile with `--enable-jit=no' or
>> `--disable-jit'.  The default is `--enable-jit=auto', which enables the
>> JIT if it is available.  See `./configure --help' for more.
>>
>> JIT compilation is enabled by default on x86-64, i686, ARMv7, and
>> AArch64 targets.
>>
>> ** Lower-level bytecode
>>
>> Relative to the virtual machine in Guile 2.2, Guile's VM instruction set
>> is now more low-level.  This allows it to express more advanced
>> optimizations, for example type check elision or integer
>> devirtualization, and makes the task of JIT code generation easier.
>>
>> Note that this change can mean that for a given function, the
>> corresponding number of instructions in Guile 3.0 may be higher than
>> Guile 2.2, which can lead to slowdowns when the function is interpreted.
>> We hope that JIT compilation more than makes up for this slight
>> slowdown.
>>
>> ** Interleaved internal definitions and expressions allowed
>>
>> It used to be that internal definitions had to precede all expressions
>> in their bodies.  This restriction has been relaxed.  If an expression
>> precedes an internal definition, it is treated as if it were a
>> definition of an unreferenced variable.  For example, the expression
>> `(foo)' transforms to the equivalent of `(define _ (begin (foo) #f))',
>> if it precedes other definitions.
>>
>> This change improves the readability of Guile programs, as it used to be
>> that program indentation tended to increase needlessly to allow nested
>> `let' and `letrec' to re-establish definition contexts after initial
>> expressions, for example for type-checks on procedure arguments.
>>
>> ** Record unification
>>
>> Guile used to have a number of implementations of structured data types
>> in the form of "records": a core facility, SRFI-9 (records), SRFI-35
>> (condition types -- a form of records) and R6RS records.  These
>> facilities were not compatible, as they all were built in different
>> ways.  This had the unfortunate corollary that SRFI-35 conditions were
>> not compatible with R6RS conditions.  To fix this problem, we have now
>> added the union of functionality from all of these record types into
>> core records: single-inheritance subtyping, mutable and immutable
>> fields, and so on.  See "Records" in the manual, for full details.
>>
>> R6RS records, SRFI-9 records, and the SRFI-35 and R6RS exception types
>> have been accordingly "rebased" on top of core records.
>>
>> ** Reimplementation of exceptions
>>
>> Since Guile's origins 25 years ago, `throw' and `catch' have been the
>> primary exception-handling primitives.  However these primitives have
>> two problems.  One is that it's hard to handle exceptions in a
>> structured way using `catch'.  Few people remember what the
>> corresponding `key' and `args' are that an exception handler would see
>> in response to a call to `error', for example.  In practice, this
>> results in more generic catch-all exception handling than one might
>> like.
>>
>> The other problem is that `throw', `catch', and especially
>> `with-throw-handler' are quite unlike what the rest of the Scheme world
>> uses.  R6RS and R7RS, for example, have mostly converged on
>> SRFI-34-style `with-exception-handler' and `raise' primitives, and
>> encourage the use of SRFI-35-style structured exception objects to
>> describe the error.  Guile's R6RS layer incorporates an adapter between
>> `throw'/`catch' and structured exception handling, but it didn't apply
>> to SRFI-34/SRFI-35, and we would have to duplicate it for R7RS.
>>
>> In light of these considerations, Guile has now changed to make
>> `with-exception-handler' and `raise-exception' its primitives for
>> exception handling and defined a hierarchy of R6RS-style exception types
>> in its core.  SRFI-34/35, R6RS, and the exception-handling components of
>> SRFI-18 (threads) have been re-implemented in terms of this core
>> functionality.  There is also a a compatibility layer that makes it so
>> that exceptions originating in `throw' can be handled by
>> `with-exception-hander', and vice-versa for `raise-exception' and
>> `catch'.
>>
>> Generally speaking, users will see no difference.  The one significant
>> difference is that users of SRFI-34 will see more exceptions flowing
>> through their `with-exception-handler'/`guard' forms, because whereas
>> before they would only see exceptions thrown by SRFI-34, now they will
>> see exceptions thrown by R6RS, R7RS, or indeed `throw'.
>>
>> Guile's situation is transitional.  Most exceptions are still signalled
>> via `throw'.  These will probably migrate over time to
>> `raise-exception', while preserving compatibility of course.
>>
>> See "Exceptions" in the manual, for full details on the new API.
>>
>> ** `guard' no longer unwinds the stack for clause tests
>>
>> SRFI-34, and then R6RS and R7RS, defines a `guard' form that is a
>> shorthand for `with-exception-handler'.  The cond-like clauses for the
>> exception handling are specified to run with the continuation of the
>> `guard', while any re-propagation of the exception happens with the
>> continuation of the original `raise'.
>>
>> In practice, this means that one needs full `call-with-continuation' to
>> implement the specified semantics, to be able to unwind the stack to the
>> cond clauses, then rewind if none match.  This is not only quite
>> expensive, it is also error-prone as one usually doesn't want to rewind
>> dynamic-wind guards in an exceptional situation.  Additionally, as
>> continuations bind tightly to the current thread, it makes it impossible
>> to migrate a subcomputation with a different thread if a `guard' is live
>> on the stack, as is done in Fibers.
>>
>> Guile now works around these issues by running the test portion of the
>> guard expressions within the original `raise' continuation, and only
>> unwinding once a test matches.  This is an incompatible semantic change
>> but we think the situation is globally much better, and we expect that
>> very few people will be affected by the change.
>>
>> ** Optimization of top-level bindings within a compilation unit
>>
>> At optimization level 2 and above, Guile's compiler is now allowed to
>> inline top-level definitions within a compilation unit.  See
>> "Declarative Modules" in the manual, for full details.  This change can
>> improve the performance of programs with many small top-level
>> definitions by quite a bit!
>>
>> At optimization level 3 and above, Guile will assume that any top-level
>> binding in a declarative compilation unit that isn't exported from a
>> module can be completely inlined into its uses.  (Prior to this change,
>> -O3 was the same as -O2.)  Note that with this new
>> `seal-private-bindings' pass, private declarative bindings are no longer
>> available for access from the first-class module reflection API.  The
>> optimizations afforded by this pass can be useful when you need a speed
>> boost, but having them enabled at optimization level 3 means they are
>> not on by default, as they change Guile's behavior in ways that users
>> might not expect.
>>
>> ** By default, GOOPS classes are not redefinable
>>
>> It used to be that all GOOPS classes were redefinable, at least in
>> theory.  This facility was supported by an indirection in all "struct"
>> instances, even though only a subset of structs would need redefinition.
>> We wanted to remove this indirection, in order to speed up Guile
>> records, allow immutable Guile records to eventually be described by
>> classes, and allow for some optimizations in core GOOPS classes that
>> shouldn't be redefined anyway.
>>
>> Thus in GOOPS now there are classes that are redefinable and classes
>> that aren't.  By default, classes created with GOOPS are not
>> redefinable.  To make a class redefinable, it should be an instance of
>> `<redefinable-class>'.  See "Redefining a Class" in the manual for more
>> information.
>>
>> ** Define top-level bindings for aux syntax: `else', `=>', `...', `_'
>>
>> These auxiliary syntax definitions are specified to be defined in the
>> R6RS and the R7RS.  They were previously unbound, even in the R6RS
>> modules.  This change is not anticipated to cause any incompatibility
>> with existing Guile code, and improves things for R6RS and R7RS users.
>>
>> ** Conventional gettext alias is now `G_'
>>
>> Related to the last point, since the "Fix literal matching for
>> module-bound literals" change in the 2.2 series, it was no longer
>> possible to use the conventional `_' binding as an alias for `gettext',
>> because a local `_' definition would prevent `_' from being recognized
>> as auxiliary syntax for `match', `syntax-rules', and similar.  The new
>> recommended conventional alias for `gettext' is `G_'.
>>
>> ** Add --r6rs command-line option
>>
>> The new `install-r6rs!' procedure adapts Guile's defaults to be more
>> R6RS-compatible.  This procedure is called if the user passes `--r6rs'
>> as a command-line argument.  See "R6RS Incompatibilities" in the manual,
>> for full details.
>>
>> ** Add support for R7RS
>>
>> Thanks to Göran Weinholt and OKUMURA Yuki, Guile now implements the R7RS
>> modules.  As the R7RS library syntax is a subset of R6RS, to use R7RS
>> you just `(import (scheme base))' and off you go.  As with R6RS also,
>> there are some small lexical incompatibilities regarding hex escapes;
>> see "R6RS Support" in the manual, for full details.
>>
>> Also as with R6RS, there is an `install-r7rs!' procedure and a `--r7rs'
>> command-line option.
>>
>> ** Add #:re-export-and-replace argument to `define-module'
>>
>> This new keyword specifies a set of bindings to re-export, but also
>> marks them as intended to replace core bindings.  See "Creating Guile
>> Modules" in the manual, for full details.
>>
>> Note to make this change, we had to change the way replacement flags are
>> stored, to being associated with modules instead of individual variable
>> objects.  This means that users who #:re-export an imported binding that
>> was already marked as #:replace by another module will now see warnings,
>> as they need to use #:re-export-and-replace instead.
>>
>> ** `define-module' #:autoload no longer pulls in the whole module
>>
>> One of the ways that a module can use another is "autoloads".  For
>> example:
>>
>>   (define-module (a) #:autoload (b) (make-b))
>>
>> In this example, module `(b)' will only be imported when the `make-b'
>> identifier is referenced.  However besides the imprecision about when a
>> given binding is actually referenced, this mechanism used to cause the
>> whole imported module to become available, not just the specified
>> bindings.  This has now been changed to only import the specified
>> bindings.
>>
>> This is a backward-incompatible change.  The fix is to mention all
>> bindings of interest in the autoload clause.  Feedback is welcome.
>>
>> ** Improve SRFI-43 vector-fill!
>>
>> SRFI-43 vector-fill! now has the same performance whether an optional
>> range is provided or not, and is also provided in core.  As a side
>> effect, vector-fill! and vector_fill_x no longer work on non-vector
>> rank-1 arrays.  Such cases were handled incorrectly before; for example,
>> prior to this change:
>>
>>   (define a (make-vector 10 'x))
>>   (define b (make-shared-array a (lambda (i) (list (* 2 i))) 5))
>>   (vector-fill! b 'y)
>>
>>   => #1(y y y x x)
>>
>> This is now an error.  Instead, use array-fill!.
>>
>> ** `iota' in core and SRFI-1 `iota' are the same
>>
>> Previously, `iota' in core would not accept start and step arguments and
>> would return an empty list for negative count. Now there is only one
>> `iota' function with the extended semantics of SRFI-1.  Note that as an
>> incompatible change, core `iota' no longer accepts a negative count.
>>
>> ** Improved Transport Layer Security (TLS) support in (web client)
>>
>> `http-request', `http-get', and related procedures from (web client) are
>> able to access content over TLS ("HTTPS") since Guile 2.2.  However,
>> that support lacked important facilities, which are now available.
>>
>> First, these procedures now have a #:verify-certificates?  parameter to
>> enable or disable the verification of X.509 server certificates.  The
>> new `x509-certificate-directory' SRFI-39 parameter specifies X.509
>> certificates are searched for.  Second, HTTPS proxies are now supported
>> (in addition to HTTP proxies) and the new `current-https-proxy'
>> parameter controls that.  See "Web Client" in the manual for details.
>>
>> * New deprecations
>>
>> ** scm_t_uint8, etc deprecated in favor of C99 stdint.h
>>
>> It used to be that Guile defined its own `scm_t_uint8' because C99
>> `uint8_t' wasn't widely enough available.  Now Guile finally made the
>> change to use C99 types, both internally and in Guile's public headers.
>>
>> Note that this also applies to SCM_T_UINT8_MAX, SCM_T_INT8_MIN, for intN
>> and uintN for N in 8, 16, 32, and 64.  Guile also now uses ptrdiff_t
>> instead of scm_t_ptrdiff, and similarly for intmax_t, uintmax_t,
>> intptr_t, and uintptr_t.
>>
>> ** The two-argument form of `record-constructor'
>>
>> Calling `record-constructor' with two arguments (the record type and a
>> list of field names) is deprecated.  Instead, call with just one
>> argument, and provide a wrapper around that constructor if needed.
>>
>> * Incompatible changes
>>
>> ** All deprecated code removed
>>
>> All code deprecated in Guile 2.2 has been removed.  See older NEWS, and
>> check that your programs can compile without linker warnings and run
>> without runtime warnings.  See "Deprecation" in the manual.
>>
>> In particular, the function `scm_generalized_vector_get_handle' which
>> was deprecated in 2.0.9 but remained in 2.2, has now finally been
>> removed. As a replacement, use `scm_array_get_handle' to get a handle
>> and `scm_array_handle_rank' to check the rank.
>>
>> ** Remove "self" field from vtables and "redefined" field from classes
>>
>> These fields were used as part of the machinery for class redefinition
>> and is no longer needed.
>>
>> ** VM hook manipulation simplified
>>
>> The low-level mechanism to instrument a running virtual machine for
>> debugging and tracing has been simplified.  See "VM Hooks" in the
>> manual, for more.
>>
>> * Changes to the distribution
>>
>> ** New effective version
>>
>> The "effective version" of Guile is now 3.0, which allows parallel
>> installation with other effective versions (for example, the older Guile
>> 2.2).  See "Parallel Installations" in the manual for full details.
>> Notably, the `pkg-config' file is now `guile-3.0', and there are new
>> `guile-3' and `guile-3.0' features for `cond-expand'.
>>
>>

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Re: GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Taylan Kammer]

Many thanks to everyone for this amazing release. :-)

> ** Add support for R7RS

Given the now official R7RS support, let me remind people of this repo:

    https://github.com/TaylanUB/scheme-srfis/

Development is inactive, but patches, merge requests, or forks/takeovers
are welcome.

I think there's a few SRFIs there which aren't in Guile yet.


- Taylan

Re: GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Ludovic Courtès]

Hi!

Andy Wingo <wingo@pobox.com> skribis:

> We are delighted to announce GNU Guile release 3.0.0, the first in the
> new 3.0 stable release series.
>
> Compared to the previous stable series (2.2.x), Guile 3.0 adds support
> for just-in-time native code generation, speeding up all Guile programs.
> See the NEWS extract at the end of the mail for full details.

Woohoo!  As discussed privately, thumbs up to you Andy for the
incredible work on the compiler and JIT: you had expressed your plan a
few years ago, at a time where there was still a loooong way to go, and
it’s impressive to see that it has worked according to the plan.

Thanks also to everyone who contributed to all the other features that
made it into 3.0: they’re also part of what makes Guile 3 so great!

I’m really happy we’ll be able to take advantage of all this in Guix!

Happy Guile 3 hacking!  :-D

Ludo’.

Re: GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Linus Björnstam]

On 2020-01-16 22:35, Arne Babenhauserheide wrote:

> Can we get this into the Scheme standard, too?

If you want a portable implementation, you can actually hack it using 
macros. Re-define lambda, define, let(*,-values,letrec,letrec*) and 
begin to rewrite everything to letrec and you are done! The problem is 
that it will be slower than using let* for the bindings that don't 
require letrec in many schemes, since the don't do the equivilent of 
guile's letrectification pass (described in the paper "Letrec done right 
(reloaded)" iirc).


I have a syntax-rules implementation of it if you are interested, that 
also supports a simplified define-like binding that converts to let*. 
That one does _not_ convert the body to one letrec, only defines 
following eachother.

so

(define a 1)

(when (even? a) (error "ERROR"))

(define b 2)

becomes

(letrec ((a ...))
   (when (even? a) (error "ERROR"))
     (letrec ((b 2))
       ...)

This is not compatible with guile, but is trivial to fix!

Trivially portable to any other scheme, since it uses no fancy features 
except the usual module things:

https://hg.sr.ht/~bjoli/guile-define/

Re: GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Linus Björnstam]

If you want a portable implementation, you can actually hack it using 
macros. Re-define lambda, define, let(*,-values,letrec,letrec*),cond, 
case and begin to rewrite everything to letrec and you are done! The 
problem is that it will be slower than using let* for the bindings that 
don't require letrec in many schemes, since the don't do the equivilent 
of guile's letrectification pass (described in the paper "Letrec done 
right (reloaded)" iirc).

I have a syntax-rules implementation of it if you are interested, that 
also supports a simplified define-like binding that converts to let*. 
That one does _not_ convert the body to one letrec, only defines 
following eachother.

so

(define a 1)

(when (even? a) (error "ERROR"))

(define b 2)

becomes

(letrec ((a ...))
   (when (even? a) (error "ERROR"))
     (letrec ((b 2))
       ...)

This is not compatible with guile, but is trivial to fix!

Trivially portable to any other scheme, since it uses no fancy features 
except the usual module things:

https://hg.sr.ht/~bjoli/guile-define/

On 2020-01-16 22:35, Arne Babenhauserheide wrote:
> Andy Wingo <wingo@pobox.com> writes:
>
>> We are delighted to announce GNU Guile release 3.0.0, the first in the
>> new 3.0 stable release series.
> …
>> The Guile web page is located at http://gnu.org/software/guile/
> That’s awesome! Thank you for your work!
>
>> Changes in 3.0.0 (since the stable 2.2 series):
> …
>> ** Just-in-time code generation
>>
>> Guile programs now run up to 4 times faster, relative to Guile 2.2,
>> thanks to just-in-time (JIT) native code generation.  Notably, this
>> brings the performance of "eval" as written in Scheme back to the level
>> of "eval" written in C, as in the days of Guile 1.8.
> This is awesome! I hope it finally alleviates the problems faced by Lilypond!
>
>> ** Interleaved internal definitions and expressions allowed
> I love that! It removes one of the early stumbling points I had with
> Guile which pushed me to avoid inner defines. I only realized later how
> much more readable code gets with inner defines.
>
> Can we get this into the Scheme standard, too?
>
>> ** `guard' no longer unwinds the stack for clause tests
>>
>> SRFI-34, and then R6RS and R7RS, defines a `guard' form that is a
>> shorthand for `with-exception-handler'.  The cond-like clauses for the
>> exception handling are specified to run with the continuation of the
>> `guard', while any re-propagation of the exception happens with the
>> continuation of the original `raise'.
> …
>> Guile now works around these issues by running the test portion of the
>> guard expressions within the original `raise' continuation, and only
>> unwinding once a test matches.  This is an incompatible semantic change
>> but we think the situation is globally much better, and we expect that
>> very few people will be affected by the change.
> Is this semantic change a change from previous Guile or a deviation from
> the Scheme standard?
>
> Best wishes,
> Arne
> --
> Unpolitisch sein
> heißt politisch sein
> ohne es zu merken
>
-- 
  - Linus Björnstam

Re: GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Stefan Israelsson Tampe]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 18795 bytes --]

I just managed to get guile-log running under guile 3.0.

yay!

On Thu, Jan 16, 2020 at 12:04 PM Andy Wingo <wingo@pobox.com> wrote:

> We are delighted to announce GNU Guile release 3.0.0, the first in the
> new 3.0 stable release series.
>
> Compared to the previous stable series (2.2.x), Guile 3.0 adds support
> for just-in-time native code generation, speeding up all Guile programs.
> See the NEWS extract at the end of the mail for full details.
>
>
> The Guile web page is located at http://gnu.org/software/guile/, and
> among other things, it contains a copy of the Guile manual and pointers
> to more resources.
>
> Guile is an implementation of the Scheme programming language, packaged
> for use in a wide variety of environments.  In addition to implementing
> the R5RS, R6RS, and R7RS Scheme standards, Guile includes full access to
> POSIX system calls, networking support, multiple threads, dynamic
> linking, a foreign function call interface, powerful string processing,
> and HTTP client and server implementations.
>
> Guile can run interactively, as a script interpreter, and as a Scheme
> compiler to VM bytecode.  It is also packaged as a library so that
> applications can easily incorporate a complete Scheme interpreter/VM.
> An application can use Guile as an extension language, a clean and
> powerful configuration language, or as multi-purpose "glue" to connect
> primitives provided by the application.  It is easy to call Scheme code
> from C code and vice versa.  Applications can add new functions, data
> types, control structures, and even syntax to Guile, to create a
> domain-specific language tailored to the task at hand.
>
> Guile 3.0.0 can be installed in parallel with Guile 2.2.x; see
>
> http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/manual/html_node/Parallel-Installations.html
> .
>
> A more detailed NEWS summary follows these details on how to get the
> Guile sources.
>
> Here are the compressed sources:
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz   (10MB)
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz   (12MB)
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz   (21MB)
>
> Here are the GPG detached signatures[*]:
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz.sig
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz.sig
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig
>
> Use a mirror for higher download bandwidth:
>   http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html
>
> Here are the SHA256 checksums:
>
>   e28c450d11f7335769f607214f9b79547400881ddbbc9805ccf3ce2121aa97e0
> guile-3.0.0.tar.lz
>   c9138d6595a9f69bf9733d0bc2d3b9f3d8b79f35f289006912b3361cb0510c75
> guile-3.0.0.tar.xz
>   049b286849fa9764fac781071c4ec9daef707da51e5050ffb498d7bf6422da2f
> guile-3.0.0.tar.gz
>
> [*] Use a .sig file to verify that the corresponding file (without the
> .sig suffix) is intact.  First, be sure to download both the .sig file
> and the corresponding tarball.  Then, run a command like this:
>
>   gpg --verify guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig
>
> If that command fails because you don't have the required public key,
> then run this command to import it:
>
>   gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys
> 4FD4D288D445934E0A14F9A5A8803732E4436885
>
> and rerun the 'gpg --verify' command.
>
> This release was bootstrapped with the following tools:
>   Autoconf 2.69
>   Automake 1.16.1
>   Libtool 2.4.6
>   Gnulib v0.1-1157-gb03f418
>   Makeinfo 6.7
>
> An extract from NEWS follows.
>
>
> Changes in 3.0.0 (since the stable 2.2 series):
>
> * Notable changes
>
> ** Just-in-time code generation
>
> Guile programs now run up to 4 times faster, relative to Guile 2.2,
> thanks to just-in-time (JIT) native code generation.  Notably, this
> brings the performance of "eval" as written in Scheme back to the level
> of "eval" written in C, as in the days of Guile 1.8.
>
> See "Just-In-Time Native Code" in the manual, for more information.  JIT
> compilation will be enabled automatically and transparently.  To disable
> JIT compilation, configure Guile with `--enable-jit=no' or
> `--disable-jit'.  The default is `--enable-jit=auto', which enables the
> JIT if it is available.  See `./configure --help' for more.
>
> JIT compilation is enabled by default on x86-64, i686, ARMv7, and
> AArch64 targets.
>
> ** Lower-level bytecode
>
> Relative to the virtual machine in Guile 2.2, Guile's VM instruction set
> is now more low-level.  This allows it to express more advanced
> optimizations, for example type check elision or integer
> devirtualization, and makes the task of JIT code generation easier.
>
> Note that this change can mean that for a given function, the
> corresponding number of instructions in Guile 3.0 may be higher than
> Guile 2.2, which can lead to slowdowns when the function is interpreted.
> We hope that JIT compilation more than makes up for this slight
> slowdown.
>
> ** Interleaved internal definitions and expressions allowed
>
> It used to be that internal definitions had to precede all expressions
> in their bodies.  This restriction has been relaxed.  If an expression
> precedes an internal definition, it is treated as if it were a
> definition of an unreferenced variable.  For example, the expression
> `(foo)' transforms to the equivalent of `(define _ (begin (foo) #f))',
> if it precedes other definitions.
>
> This change improves the readability of Guile programs, as it used to be
> that program indentation tended to increase needlessly to allow nested
> `let' and `letrec' to re-establish definition contexts after initial
> expressions, for example for type-checks on procedure arguments.
>
> ** Record unification
>
> Guile used to have a number of implementations of structured data types
> in the form of "records": a core facility, SRFI-9 (records), SRFI-35
> (condition types -- a form of records) and R6RS records.  These
> facilities were not compatible, as they all were built in different
> ways.  This had the unfortunate corollary that SRFI-35 conditions were
> not compatible with R6RS conditions.  To fix this problem, we have now
> added the union of functionality from all of these record types into
> core records: single-inheritance subtyping, mutable and immutable
> fields, and so on.  See "Records" in the manual, for full details.
>
> R6RS records, SRFI-9 records, and the SRFI-35 and R6RS exception types
> have been accordingly "rebased" on top of core records.
>
> ** Reimplementation of exceptions
>
> Since Guile's origins 25 years ago, `throw' and `catch' have been the
> primary exception-handling primitives.  However these primitives have
> two problems.  One is that it's hard to handle exceptions in a
> structured way using `catch'.  Few people remember what the
> corresponding `key' and `args' are that an exception handler would see
> in response to a call to `error', for example.  In practice, this
> results in more generic catch-all exception handling than one might
> like.
>
> The other problem is that `throw', `catch', and especially
> `with-throw-handler' are quite unlike what the rest of the Scheme world
> uses.  R6RS and R7RS, for example, have mostly converged on
> SRFI-34-style `with-exception-handler' and `raise' primitives, and
> encourage the use of SRFI-35-style structured exception objects to
> describe the error.  Guile's R6RS layer incorporates an adapter between
> `throw'/`catch' and structured exception handling, but it didn't apply
> to SRFI-34/SRFI-35, and we would have to duplicate it for R7RS.
>
> In light of these considerations, Guile has now changed to make
> `with-exception-handler' and `raise-exception' its primitives for
> exception handling and defined a hierarchy of R6RS-style exception types
> in its core.  SRFI-34/35, R6RS, and the exception-handling components of
> SRFI-18 (threads) have been re-implemented in terms of this core
> functionality.  There is also a a compatibility layer that makes it so
> that exceptions originating in `throw' can be handled by
> `with-exception-hander', and vice-versa for `raise-exception' and
> `catch'.
>
> Generally speaking, users will see no difference.  The one significant
> difference is that users of SRFI-34 will see more exceptions flowing
> through their `with-exception-handler'/`guard' forms, because whereas
> before they would only see exceptions thrown by SRFI-34, now they will
> see exceptions thrown by R6RS, R7RS, or indeed `throw'.
>
> Guile's situation is transitional.  Most exceptions are still signalled
> via `throw'.  These will probably migrate over time to
> `raise-exception', while preserving compatibility of course.
>
> See "Exceptions" in the manual, for full details on the new API.
>
> ** `guard' no longer unwinds the stack for clause tests
>
> SRFI-34, and then R6RS and R7RS, defines a `guard' form that is a
> shorthand for `with-exception-handler'.  The cond-like clauses for the
> exception handling are specified to run with the continuation of the
> `guard', while any re-propagation of the exception happens with the
> continuation of the original `raise'.
>
> In practice, this means that one needs full `call-with-continuation' to
> implement the specified semantics, to be able to unwind the stack to the
> cond clauses, then rewind if none match.  This is not only quite
> expensive, it is also error-prone as one usually doesn't want to rewind
> dynamic-wind guards in an exceptional situation.  Additionally, as
> continuations bind tightly to the current thread, it makes it impossible
> to migrate a subcomputation with a different thread if a `guard' is live
> on the stack, as is done in Fibers.
>
> Guile now works around these issues by running the test portion of the
> guard expressions within the original `raise' continuation, and only
> unwinding once a test matches.  This is an incompatible semantic change
> but we think the situation is globally much better, and we expect that
> very few people will be affected by the change.
>
> ** Optimization of top-level bindings within a compilation unit
>
> At optimization level 2 and above, Guile's compiler is now allowed to
> inline top-level definitions within a compilation unit.  See
> "Declarative Modules" in the manual, for full details.  This change can
> improve the performance of programs with many small top-level
> definitions by quite a bit!
>
> At optimization level 3 and above, Guile will assume that any top-level
> binding in a declarative compilation unit that isn't exported from a
> module can be completely inlined into its uses.  (Prior to this change,
> -O3 was the same as -O2.)  Note that with this new
> `seal-private-bindings' pass, private declarative bindings are no longer
> available for access from the first-class module reflection API.  The
> optimizations afforded by this pass can be useful when you need a speed
> boost, but having them enabled at optimization level 3 means they are
> not on by default, as they change Guile's behavior in ways that users
> might not expect.
>
> ** By default, GOOPS classes are not redefinable
>
> It used to be that all GOOPS classes were redefinable, at least in
> theory.  This facility was supported by an indirection in all "struct"
> instances, even though only a subset of structs would need redefinition.
> We wanted to remove this indirection, in order to speed up Guile
> records, allow immutable Guile records to eventually be described by
> classes, and allow for some optimizations in core GOOPS classes that
> shouldn't be redefined anyway.
>
> Thus in GOOPS now there are classes that are redefinable and classes
> that aren't.  By default, classes created with GOOPS are not
> redefinable.  To make a class redefinable, it should be an instance of
> `<redefinable-class>'.  See "Redefining a Class" in the manual for more
> information.
>
> ** Define top-level bindings for aux syntax: `else', `=>', `...', `_'
>
> These auxiliary syntax definitions are specified to be defined in the
> R6RS and the R7RS.  They were previously unbound, even in the R6RS
> modules.  This change is not anticipated to cause any incompatibility
> with existing Guile code, and improves things for R6RS and R7RS users.
>
> ** Conventional gettext alias is now `G_'
>
> Related to the last point, since the "Fix literal matching for
> module-bound literals" change in the 2.2 series, it was no longer
> possible to use the conventional `_' binding as an alias for `gettext',
> because a local `_' definition would prevent `_' from being recognized
> as auxiliary syntax for `match', `syntax-rules', and similar.  The new
> recommended conventional alias for `gettext' is `G_'.
>
> ** Add --r6rs command-line option
>
> The new `install-r6rs!' procedure adapts Guile's defaults to be more
> R6RS-compatible.  This procedure is called if the user passes `--r6rs'
> as a command-line argument.  See "R6RS Incompatibilities" in the manual,
> for full details.
>
> ** Add support for R7RS
>
> Thanks to Göran Weinholt and OKUMURA Yuki, Guile now implements the R7RS
> modules.  As the R7RS library syntax is a subset of R6RS, to use R7RS
> you just `(import (scheme base))' and off you go.  As with R6RS also,
> there are some small lexical incompatibilities regarding hex escapes;
> see "R6RS Support" in the manual, for full details.
>
> Also as with R6RS, there is an `install-r7rs!' procedure and a `--r7rs'
> command-line option.
>
> ** Add #:re-export-and-replace argument to `define-module'
>
> This new keyword specifies a set of bindings to re-export, but also
> marks them as intended to replace core bindings.  See "Creating Guile
> Modules" in the manual, for full details.
>
> Note to make this change, we had to change the way replacement flags are
> stored, to being associated with modules instead of individual variable
> objects.  This means that users who #:re-export an imported binding that
> was already marked as #:replace by another module will now see warnings,
> as they need to use #:re-export-and-replace instead.
>
> ** `define-module' #:autoload no longer pulls in the whole module
>
> One of the ways that a module can use another is "autoloads".  For
> example:
>
>   (define-module (a) #:autoload (b) (make-b))
>
> In this example, module `(b)' will only be imported when the `make-b'
> identifier is referenced.  However besides the imprecision about when a
> given binding is actually referenced, this mechanism used to cause the
> whole imported module to become available, not just the specified
> bindings.  This has now been changed to only import the specified bindings.
>
> This is a backward-incompatible change.  The fix is to mention all
> bindings of interest in the autoload clause.  Feedback is welcome.
>
> ** Improve SRFI-43 vector-fill!
>
> SRFI-43 vector-fill! now has the same performance whether an optional
> range is provided or not, and is also provided in core.  As a side
> effect, vector-fill! and vector_fill_x no longer work on non-vector
> rank-1 arrays.  Such cases were handled incorrectly before; for example,
> prior to this change:
>
>   (define a (make-vector 10 'x))
>   (define b (make-shared-array a (lambda (i) (list (* 2 i))) 5))
>   (vector-fill! b 'y)
>
>   => #1(y y y x x)
>
> This is now an error.  Instead, use array-fill!.
>
> ** `iota' in core and SRFI-1 `iota' are the same
>
> Previously, `iota' in core would not accept start and step arguments and
> would return an empty list for negative count. Now there is only one
> `iota' function with the extended semantics of SRFI-1.  Note that as an
> incompatible change, core `iota' no longer accepts a negative count.
>
> ** Improved Transport Layer Security (TLS) support in (web client)
>
> `http-request', `http-get', and related procedures from (web client) are
> able to access content over TLS ("HTTPS") since Guile 2.2.  However,
> that support lacked important facilities, which are now available.
>
> First, these procedures now have a #:verify-certificates?  parameter to
> enable or disable the verification of X.509 server certificates.  The
> new `x509-certificate-directory' SRFI-39 parameter specifies X.509
> certificates are searched for.  Second, HTTPS proxies are now supported
> (in addition to HTTP proxies) and the new `current-https-proxy'
> parameter controls that.  See "Web Client" in the manual for details.
>
> * New deprecations
>
> ** scm_t_uint8, etc deprecated in favor of C99 stdint.h
>
> It used to be that Guile defined its own `scm_t_uint8' because C99
> `uint8_t' wasn't widely enough available.  Now Guile finally made the
> change to use C99 types, both internally and in Guile's public headers.
>
> Note that this also applies to SCM_T_UINT8_MAX, SCM_T_INT8_MIN, for intN
> and uintN for N in 8, 16, 32, and 64.  Guile also now uses ptrdiff_t
> instead of scm_t_ptrdiff, and similarly for intmax_t, uintmax_t,
> intptr_t, and uintptr_t.
>
> ** The two-argument form of `record-constructor'
>
> Calling `record-constructor' with two arguments (the record type and a
> list of field names) is deprecated.  Instead, call with just one
> argument, and provide a wrapper around that constructor if needed.
>
> * Incompatible changes
>
> ** All deprecated code removed
>
> All code deprecated in Guile 2.2 has been removed.  See older NEWS, and
> check that your programs can compile without linker warnings and run
> without runtime warnings.  See "Deprecation" in the manual.
>
> In particular, the function `scm_generalized_vector_get_handle' which
> was deprecated in 2.0.9 but remained in 2.2, has now finally been
> removed. As a replacement, use `scm_array_get_handle' to get a handle
> and `scm_array_handle_rank' to check the rank.
>
> ** Remove "self" field from vtables and "redefined" field from classes
>
> These fields were used as part of the machinery for class redefinition
> and is no longer needed.
>
> ** VM hook manipulation simplified
>
> The low-level mechanism to instrument a running virtual machine for
> debugging and tracing has been simplified.  See "VM Hooks" in the
> manual, for more.
>
> * Changes to the distribution
>
> ** New effective version
>
> The "effective version" of Guile is now 3.0, which allows parallel
> installation with other effective versions (for example, the older Guile
> 2.2).  See "Parallel Installations" in the manual for full details.
> Notably, the `pkg-config' file is now `guile-3.0', and there are new
> `guile-3' and `guile-3.0' features for `cond-expand'.
>
>

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Re: GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Arne Babenhauserheide]

Stefan Israelsson Tampe <stefan.itampe@gmail.com> writes:

> I just managed to get guile-log running under guile 3.0.

Congrats!

Best wishes,
Arne
-- 
Unpolitisch sein
heißt politisch sein
ohne es zu merken

Re: GNU Guile 3.0.0 released

[Stefan Israelsson Tampe]

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This does not look right (for guile 3.0.0)

---------------------------------
;b.scm:
(define-module (b)
  #:export (%f g))

(define %f 1)

(define (g)
  (pk %f))

---------------------------------
;c:scm:
(define-module (c)
  #:use-module (b)
  #:export (f))

(define (f x)
  (set! %f x)
  (g))
--------------------------------
Interaction:
scheme@(guile-user)> (use-modules (c))
scheme@(guile-user)> (f 2)

;;; (1)
$1 = 1







On Thu, Jan 16, 2020 at 12:04 PM Andy Wingo <wingo@pobox.com> wrote:

> We are delighted to announce GNU Guile release 3.0.0, the first in the
> new 3.0 stable release series.
>
> Compared to the previous stable series (2.2.x), Guile 3.0 adds support
> for just-in-time native code generation, speeding up all Guile programs.
> See the NEWS extract at the end of the mail for full details.
>
>
> The Guile web page is located at http://gnu.org/software/guile/, and
> among other things, it contains a copy of the Guile manual and pointers
> to more resources.
>
> Guile is an implementation of the Scheme programming language, packaged
> for use in a wide variety of environments.  In addition to implementing
> the R5RS, R6RS, and R7RS Scheme standards, Guile includes full access to
> POSIX system calls, networking support, multiple threads, dynamic
> linking, a foreign function call interface, powerful string processing,
> and HTTP client and server implementations.
>
> Guile can run interactively, as a script interpreter, and as a Scheme
> compiler to VM bytecode.  It is also packaged as a library so that
> applications can easily incorporate a complete Scheme interpreter/VM.
> An application can use Guile as an extension language, a clean and
> powerful configuration language, or as multi-purpose "glue" to connect
> primitives provided by the application.  It is easy to call Scheme code
> from C code and vice versa.  Applications can add new functions, data
> types, control structures, and even syntax to Guile, to create a
> domain-specific language tailored to the task at hand.
>
> Guile 3.0.0 can be installed in parallel with Guile 2.2.x; see
>
> http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/manual/html_node/Parallel-Installations.html
> .
>
> A more detailed NEWS summary follows these details on how to get the
> Guile sources.
>
> Here are the compressed sources:
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz   (10MB)
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz   (12MB)
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz   (21MB)
>
> Here are the GPG detached signatures[*]:
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.lz.sig
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.xz.sig
>   http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guile/guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig
>
> Use a mirror for higher download bandwidth:
>   http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html
>
> Here are the SHA256 checksums:
>
>   e28c450d11f7335769f607214f9b79547400881ddbbc9805ccf3ce2121aa97e0
> guile-3.0.0.tar.lz
>   c9138d6595a9f69bf9733d0bc2d3b9f3d8b79f35f289006912b3361cb0510c75
> guile-3.0.0.tar.xz
>   049b286849fa9764fac781071c4ec9daef707da51e5050ffb498d7bf6422da2f
> guile-3.0.0.tar.gz
>
> [*] Use a .sig file to verify that the corresponding file (without the
> .sig suffix) is intact.  First, be sure to download both the .sig file
> and the corresponding tarball.  Then, run a command like this:
>
>   gpg --verify guile-3.0.0.tar.gz.sig
>
> If that command fails because you don't have the required public key,
> then run this command to import it:
>
>   gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys
> 4FD4D288D445934E0A14F9A5A8803732E4436885
>
> and rerun the 'gpg --verify' command.
>
> This release was bootstrapped with the following tools:
>   Autoconf 2.69
>   Automake 1.16.1
>   Libtool 2.4.6
>   Gnulib v0.1-1157-gb03f418
>   Makeinfo 6.7
>
> An extract from NEWS follows.
>
>
> Changes in 3.0.0 (since the stable 2.2 series):
>
> * Notable changes
>
> ** Just-in-time code generation
>
> Guile programs now run up to 4 times faster, relative to Guile 2.2,
> thanks to just-in-time (JIT) native code generation.  Notably, this
> brings the performance of "eval" as written in Scheme back to the level
> of "eval" written in C, as in the days of Guile 1.8.
>
> See "Just-In-Time Native Code" in the manual, for more information.  JIT
> compilation will be enabled automatically and transparently.  To disable
> JIT compilation, configure Guile with `--enable-jit=no' or
> `--disable-jit'.  The default is `--enable-jit=auto', which enables the
> JIT if it is available.  See `./configure --help' for more.
>
> JIT compilation is enabled by default on x86-64, i686, ARMv7, and
> AArch64 targets.
>
> ** Lower-level bytecode
>
> Relative to the virtual machine in Guile 2.2, Guile's VM instruction set
> is now more low-level.  This allows it to express more advanced
> optimizations, for example type check elision or integer
> devirtualization, and makes the task of JIT code generation easier.
>
> Note that this change can mean that for a given function, the
> corresponding number of instructions in Guile 3.0 may be higher than
> Guile 2.2, which can lead to slowdowns when the function is interpreted.
> We hope that JIT compilation more than makes up for this slight
> slowdown.
>
> ** Interleaved internal definitions and expressions allowed
>
> It used to be that internal definitions had to precede all expressions
> in their bodies.  This restriction has been relaxed.  If an expression
> precedes an internal definition, it is treated as if it were a
> definition of an unreferenced variable.  For example, the expression
> `(foo)' transforms to the equivalent of `(define _ (begin (foo) #f))',
> if it precedes other definitions.
>
> This change improves the readability of Guile programs, as it used to be
> that program indentation tended to increase needlessly to allow nested
> `let' and `letrec' to re-establish definition contexts after initial
> expressions, for example for type-checks on procedure arguments.
>
> ** Record unification
>
> Guile used to have a number of implementations of structured data types
> in the form of "records": a core facility, SRFI-9 (records), SRFI-35
> (condition types -- a form of records) and R6RS records.  These
> facilities were not compatible, as they all were built in different
> ways.  This had the unfortunate corollary that SRFI-35 conditions were
> not compatible with R6RS conditions.  To fix this problem, we have now
> added the union of functionality from all of these record types into
> core records: single-inheritance subtyping, mutable and immutable
> fields, and so on.  See "Records" in the manual, for full details.
>
> R6RS records, SRFI-9 records, and the SRFI-35 and R6RS exception types
> have been accordingly "rebased" on top of core records.
>
> ** Reimplementation of exceptions
>
> Since Guile's origins 25 years ago, `throw' and `catch' have been the
> primary exception-handling primitives.  However these primitives have
> two problems.  One is that it's hard to handle exceptions in a
> structured way using `catch'.  Few people remember what the
> corresponding `key' and `args' are that an exception handler would see
> in response to a call to `error', for example.  In practice, this
> results in more generic catch-all exception handling than one might
> like.
>
> The other problem is that `throw', `catch', and especially
> `with-throw-handler' are quite unlike what the rest of the Scheme world
> uses.  R6RS and R7RS, for example, have mostly converged on
> SRFI-34-style `with-exception-handler' and `raise' primitives, and
> encourage the use of SRFI-35-style structured exception objects to
> describe the error.  Guile's R6RS layer incorporates an adapter between
> `throw'/`catch' and structured exception handling, but it didn't apply
> to SRFI-34/SRFI-35, and we would have to duplicate it for R7RS.
>
> In light of these considerations, Guile has now changed to make
> `with-exception-handler' and `raise-exception' its primitives for
> exception handling and defined a hierarchy of R6RS-style exception types
> in its core.  SRFI-34/35, R6RS, and the exception-handling components of
> SRFI-18 (threads) have been re-implemented in terms of this core
> functionality.  There is also a a compatibility layer that makes it so
> that exceptions originating in `throw' can be handled by
> `with-exception-hander', and vice-versa for `raise-exception' and
> `catch'.
>
> Generally speaking, users will see no difference.  The one significant
> difference is that users of SRFI-34 will see more exceptions flowing
> through their `with-exception-handler'/`guard' forms, because whereas
> before they would only see exceptions thrown by SRFI-34, now they will
> see exceptions thrown by R6RS, R7RS, or indeed `throw'.
>
> Guile's situation is transitional.  Most exceptions are still signalled
> via `throw'.  These will probably migrate over time to
> `raise-exception', while preserving compatibility of course.
>
> See "Exceptions" in the manual, for full details on the new API.
>
> ** `guard' no longer unwinds the stack for clause tests
>
> SRFI-34, and then R6RS and R7RS, defines a `guard' form that is a
> shorthand for `with-exception-handler'.  The cond-like clauses for the
> exception handling are specified to run with the continuation of the
> `guard', while any re-propagation of the exception happens with the
> continuation of the original `raise'.
>
> In practice, this means that one needs full `call-with-continuation' to
> implement the specified semantics, to be able to unwind the stack to the
> cond clauses, then rewind if none match.  This is not only quite
> expensive, it is also error-prone as one usually doesn't want to rewind
> dynamic-wind guards in an exceptional situation.  Additionally, as
> continuations bind tightly to the current thread, it makes it impossible
> to migrate a subcomputation with a different thread if a `guard' is live
> on the stack, as is done in Fibers.
>
> Guile now works around these issues by running the test portion of the
> guard expressions within the original `raise' continuation, and only
> unwinding once a test matches.  This is an incompatible semantic change
> but we think the situation is globally much better, and we expect that
> very few people will be affected by the change.
>
> ** Optimization of top-level bindings within a compilation unit
>
> At optimization level 2 and above, Guile's compiler is now allowed to
> inline top-level definitions within a compilation unit.  See
> "Declarative Modules" in the manual, for full details.  This change can
> improve the performance of programs with many small top-level
> definitions by quite a bit!
>
> At optimization level 3 and above, Guile will assume that any top-level
> binding in a declarative compilation unit that isn't exported from a
> module can be completely inlined into its uses.  (Prior to this change,
> -O3 was the same as -O2.)  Note that with this new
> `seal-private-bindings' pass, private declarative bindings are no longer
> available for access from the first-class module reflection API.  The
> optimizations afforded by this pass can be useful when you need a speed
> boost, but having them enabled at optimization level 3 means they are
> not on by default, as they change Guile's behavior in ways that users
> might not expect.
>
> ** By default, GOOPS classes are not redefinable
>
> It used to be that all GOOPS classes were redefinable, at least in
> theory.  This facility was supported by an indirection in all "struct"
> instances, even though only a subset of structs would need redefinition.
> We wanted to remove this indirection, in order to speed up Guile
> records, allow immutable Guile records to eventually be described by
> classes, and allow for some optimizations in core GOOPS classes that
> shouldn't be redefined anyway.
>
> Thus in GOOPS now there are classes that are redefinable and classes
> that aren't.  By default, classes created with GOOPS are not
> redefinable.  To make a class redefinable, it should be an instance of
> `<redefinable-class>'.  See "Redefining a Class" in the manual for more
> information.
>
> ** Define top-level bindings for aux syntax: `else', `=>', `...', `_'
>
> These auxiliary syntax definitions are specified to be defined in the
> R6RS and the R7RS.  They were previously unbound, even in the R6RS
> modules.  This change is not anticipated to cause any incompatibility
> with existing Guile code, and improves things for R6RS and R7RS users.
>
> ** Conventional gettext alias is now `G_'
>
> Related to the last point, since the "Fix literal matching for
> module-bound literals" change in the 2.2 series, it was no longer
> possible to use the conventional `_' binding as an alias for `gettext',
> because a local `_' definition would prevent `_' from being recognized
> as auxiliary syntax for `match', `syntax-rules', and similar.  The new
> recommended conventional alias for `gettext' is `G_'.
>
> ** Add --r6rs command-line option
>
> The new `install-r6rs!' procedure adapts Guile's defaults to be more
> R6RS-compatible.  This procedure is called if the user passes `--r6rs'
> as a command-line argument.  See "R6RS Incompatibilities" in the manual,
> for full details.
>
> ** Add support for R7RS
>
> Thanks to Göran Weinholt and OKUMURA Yuki, Guile now implements the R7RS
> modules.  As the R7RS library syntax is a subset of R6RS, to use R7RS
> you just `(import (scheme base))' and off you go.  As with R6RS also,
> there are some small lexical incompatibilities regarding hex escapes;
> see "R6RS Support" in the manual, for full details.
>
> Also as with R6RS, there is an `install-r7rs!' procedure and a `--r7rs'
> command-line option.
>
> ** Add #:re-export-and-replace argument to `define-module'
>
> This new keyword specifies a set of bindings to re-export, but also
> marks them as intended to replace core bindings.  See "Creating Guile
> Modules" in the manual, for full details.
>
> Note to make this change, we had to change the way replacement flags are
> stored, to being associated with modules instead of individual variable
> objects.  This means that users who #:re-export an imported binding that
> was already marked as #:replace by another module will now see warnings,
> as they need to use #:re-export-and-replace instead.
>
> ** `define-module' #:autoload no longer pulls in the whole module
>
> One of the ways that a module can use another is "autoloads".  For
> example:
>
>   (define-module (a) #:autoload (b) (make-b))
>
> In this example, module `(b)' will only be imported when the `make-b'
> identifier is referenced.  However besides the imprecision about when a
> given binding is actually referenced, this mechanism used to cause the
> whole imported module to become available, not just the specified
> bindings.  This has now been changed to only import the specified bindings.
>
> This is a backward-incompatible change.  The fix is to mention all
> bindings of interest in the autoload clause.  Feedback is welcome.
>
> ** Improve SRFI-43 vector-fill!
>
> SRFI-43 vector-fill! now has the same performance whether an optional
> range is provided or not, and is also provided in core.  As a side
> effect, vector-fill! and vector_fill_x no longer work on non-vector
> rank-1 arrays.  Such cases were handled incorrectly before; for example,
> prior to this change:
>
>   (define a (make-vector 10 'x))
>   (define b (make-shared-array a (lambda (i) (list (* 2 i))) 5))
>   (vector-fill! b 'y)
>
>   => #1(y y y x x)
>
> This is now an error.  Instead, use array-fill!.
>
> ** `iota' in core and SRFI-1 `iota' are the same
>
> Previously, `iota' in core would not accept start and step arguments and
> would return an empty list for negative count. Now there is only one
> `iota' function with the extended semantics of SRFI-1.  Note that as an
> incompatible change, core `iota' no longer accepts a negative count.
>
> ** Improved Transport Layer Security (TLS) support in (web client)
>
> `http-request', `http-get', and related procedures from (web client) are
> able to access content over TLS ("HTTPS") since Guile 2.2.  However,
> that support lacked important facilities, which are now available.
>
> First, these procedures now have a #:verify-certificates?  parameter to
> enable or disable the verification of X.509 server certificates.  The
> new `x509-certificate-directory' SRFI-39 parameter specifies X.509
> certificates are searched for.  Second, HTTPS proxies are now supported
> (in addition to HTTP proxies) and the new `current-https-proxy'
> parameter controls that.  See "Web Client" in the manual for details.
>
> * New deprecations
>
> ** scm_t_uint8, etc deprecated in favor of C99 stdint.h
>
> It used to be that Guile defined its own `scm_t_uint8' because C99
> `uint8_t' wasn't widely enough available.  Now Guile finally made the
> change to use C99 types, both internally and in Guile's public headers.
>
> Note that this also applies to SCM_T_UINT8_MAX, SCM_T_INT8_MIN, for intN
> and uintN for N in 8, 16, 32, and 64.  Guile also now uses ptrdiff_t
> instead of scm_t_ptrdiff, and similarly for intmax_t, uintmax_t,
> intptr_t, and uintptr_t.
>
> ** The two-argument form of `record-constructor'
>
> Calling `record-constructor' with two arguments (the record type and a
> list of field names) is deprecated.  Instead, call with just one
> argument, and provide a wrapper around that constructor if needed.
>
> * Incompatible changes
>
> ** All deprecated code removed
>
> All code deprecated in Guile 2.2 has been removed.  See older NEWS, and
> check that your programs can compile without linker warnings and run
> without runtime warnings.  See "Deprecation" in the manual.
>
> In particular, the function `scm_generalized_vector_get_handle' which
> was deprecated in 2.0.9 but remained in 2.2, has now finally been
> removed. As a replacement, use `scm_array_get_handle' to get a handle
> and `scm_array_handle_rank' to check the rank.
>
> ** Remove "self" field from vtables and "redefined" field from classes
>
> These fields were used as part of the machinery for class redefinition
> and is no longer needed.
>
> ** VM hook manipulation simplified
>
> The low-level mechanism to instrument a running virtual machine for
> debugging and tracing has been simplified.  See "VM Hooks" in the
> manual, for more.
>
> * Changes to the distribution
>
> ** New effective version
>
> The "effective version" of Guile is now 3.0, which allows parallel
> installation with other effective versions (for example, the older Guile
> 2.2).  See "Parallel Installations" in the manual for full details.
> Notably, the `pkg-config' file is now `guile-3.0', and there are new
> `guile-3' and `guile-3.0' features for `cond-expand'.
>
>

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