bug#47711: bug#48841: bug#47711: bug#48841: bug#47711: [PATCH VERSION 2] Add new `completion-filter-completions` API and deferred highlighting

[Stefan Monnier via "Bug reports for GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors" <bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org>]

> FWIW, this neat structure might not help too much: the most popular external
> completion backend (the LSP language servers, collectively) don't accept
> regexps or globs, they just send you the lists of completions available at
> point. With the name matching method sometimes configurable per-server.

Largely agreed.  The main benefit tho is that you get just *one*
pattern, rather than three (one being the prefix argument, the second
being the `pred` arg which historically was so unused that it was abused
to hold the directory for file-name completion, so lots of tables don't
obey it, and the third being the `completion-regexp-list` that most coders
forget, and those who don't end up regretting not forgetting when it was
not meant for them), so it's much more clear.

> As such, the most useful methods currently are: 1) Emacs Regexp, 2) asking
> server for whatever it thinks is suitable (the "backend" completion style).

For the backends: agreed.
For the frontends (i.e. `completion-styles`), `glob` is the more useful
one, I'd say (except for the "external" style, of course).

We might also want support for things like `or` and `and` patterns, but
I haven't managed to fit them nicely in that structure :-(

> I would also probably want to standardize on the recommended type of TO
> anyway: some of them are likely going to result in better performance
> than others.

The TO is chosen by the specific completion table, based on what it can
handle best.  So it should always be "optimal".

> So I guess it's also a way to make every completion table aware of PRED?

Note also that these `pred` patterns are expected to be exclusively
looking at the string (they're used for `completion-styles` kind of
functionality), so nothing like `file-directory-p` or `fboundp` kind of
predicates here.

The `pred`s used in things like `completing-read` and `read-file-name`
would be handled elsewhere such as `completion-table-with-predicate`.
This part is still up in the air, tho.

> That should work; though it might be hard to reach the same raw performance
> as the current all-completions + completion-regexp-list.

I don't see why: currently my code actually uses `all-completions` and
`completion-regexp-list`, so as long as the pattern can be turned into
a regexp without requiring an additional PRED (that's usually the case),
it should be just as fast (at least for large tables; for small tables
we have the overhead of the various method calls and pattern
conversions, of course).


        Stefan