bug#29040: Emacs 25 hangs on windows arbitrarily during search of a unicode file

[Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>]

> +#define THREAD_ALIGNMENT COMMON_MULTIPLE (alignof (max_align_t), GCALIGNMENT)
> +
> +static struct thread_state alignas (THREAD_ALIGNMENT) main_thread;

Three questions:

The Gnulib manual 
<https://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/manual/html_node/stdalign_002eh.html> says, 
"Some compilers require the operand of _Alignas/alignas to be a single integer 
constant, not an expression: MSVC 7.0 through at least 10.0." (Also, 
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7895869/cross-platform-alignx-macro> 
suggests that this issue may also occur with VS2013, though VS2015 should be OK 
since it supports alignas.) Are any of these older compilers of concern when 
building Emacs? If so, the above change won't work for them.

Why does the above code use 'alignof (max_align_t)' rather than 'alignof (struct 
thread_state)'? Doesn't the latter suffice?

C11 requires that a compiler must issue a diagnostic for a declaration like 
'struct thread_state alignas (8) foo;' if the alignment of plain 'struct state' 
is greater than 8. Can I take it from this bug report that the Microsoft 
compilers do not conform to that part of the standard? If so, we should add 
checks to verify this requirement where it is assumed elsewhere.