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From: Ed Morton <mortonspam@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: sed/awk/perl: How to replace all spaces each with an underscore
	that occur before a specific string ?
Date: Sat, 22 Aug 2009 16:02:27 -0700 (PDT)
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On Aug 22, 1:11=A0pm, bolega <gnuist...@gmail.com> wrote:
> sed/awk/perl:
>
> How to replace all spaces each with an underscore that occur before a
> specific string ?
>
> I really prefer a sed one liner.

Why?

> Example
> Input : =A0This is my book. It is too =A0thick to read. The author gets
> little royalty but the publisher makes a lot.
> Output: This_is_my_book._It_is_too__thick_to read. The author gets
> little royalty but the publisher makes a lot.
>
> We replaced all the spaces with underscores before the first occurence
> of the string "to ".

No, you replaced all ... the string "to " (note the space).

awk '{idx=3Dindex($0,"to "); tgt=3Dsubstr($0,1,idx-1); gsub(/ /,"_",tgt);
print tgt substr($0,idx)}' file

   Ed.