;;; iroquoian.el --- Quail packages for inputting Iroquoian languages  -*- lexical-binding: t; coding: utf-8; -*-

;; Copyright (C) 2024  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: Kierin Bell <fernseed@fernseed.me>
;; Keywords: i18n

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; This file implements input methods for Northern Iroquoian languages.

;; Input methods are implemented for all Five Nations Iroquois
;; languages:

;; - Mohawk (Kanien’kéha / Onkwehonwehnéha)
;; - Oneida (Onʌyota:ká: / Ukwehuwehnéha)
;; - Onondaga (Onųdaʔgegáʔ)
;; - Cayuga (Gayogo̱ho:nǫhnéha:ˀ)
;; - Seneca (Onödowá’ga:’)

;; A composite input method for all of the languages above is also
;; defined: `haudenosaunee-postfix'.

;; Input methods are not yet implemented for the remaining Northern
;; Iroquoian languages, including:

;; - Tuscarora (Skarù:ręʔ)
;; - Wendat (Huron) / Wyandot

;;; Code:

(require 'quail)
(require 'seq)
(require 'pcase)

\f
;;; Mohawk

;;
;; There are several orthographies used today to write Mohawk in
;; different communities, but differences are small and mainly involve
;; differences in representation of the palatal glide [j] (written <i>
;; in Eastern/Central dialects and <y> in Western dialects).  The
;; following input method should work for all of variants.
;;
;; Reference work for orthographies used by speakers of Eastern
;; (Kahnawà:ke, Kanehsatà:ke, Wáhta) and Central (Ahkwesahsne) dialects
;; of Mohawk:
;;
;; Lazore, Dorothy Karihwénhawe. 1993. The Mohawk language
;; Standardisation Project, Conference Report. Ontario: Literacy
;; Ontario.
;;
;; Reference work for the orthography commonly used by speakers of
;; Western dialects of Mohawk (Tyendinaga, Ohswé:ken):
;;
;; Brian Maracle. 2021. 1st Year Adult Immersion Program 2020-21.
;; Ohsweken, ON, Canada: Onkwawenna Kentyohkwa.  Unpublished curriculum
;; document written by staff for the Okwawenna Kentyohkwa adult
;; immersion program.
;;

(defconst iroquoian-mohawk-modifier-alist nil
  "Alist of rules for modifier letters in Mohawk input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-mohawk-vowel-alist
  '(("a'" ?á)
    ("a`" ?à)
    ("A'" ?Á)
    ("A`" ?À)
    ("e'" ?é)
    ("e`" ?è)
    ("E'" ?É)
    ("E`" ?È)
    ("i'" ?í)
    ("i`" ?ì)
    ("I'" ?Í)
    ("I`" ?Ì)
    ("o'" ?ó)
    ("o`" ?ò)
    ("O'" ?Ó)
    ("O`" ?Ò)

    ("a''" ["a'"])
    ("a``" ["a`"])
    ("A''" ["A'"])
    ("A``" ["A`"])
    ("e''" ["e'"])
    ("e``" ["e`"])
    ("E''" ["E'"])
    ("E``" ["E`"])
    ("i''" ["i'"])
    ("i``" ["i`"])
    ("I''" ["I'"])
    ("I``" ["I`"])
    ("o''" ["o'"])
    ("o``" ["o`"])
    ("O''" ["O'"])
    ("O``" ["O`"]))
  "Alist of rules for vowel letters in Mohawk input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-mohawk-consonant-alist
  '((";;" ?\N{RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK}))
  "Alist of rules for consonant letters in Mohawk input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(quail-define-package
 "mohawk-postfix" "Mohawk" "MOH<" nil
 "Mohawk (Kanien’kéha) input method with postfix modifiers

Stress diacritics:

| Key  | Description  | Example |
|------+--------------+---------|
| \\='    | Acute accent | a' -> á |
| \\=`    | Grave accent | a` -> à |

Doubling any of these postfixes separates the letter and the postfix.

Vowels:

a, e, i, and o are bound to a single key.

Consonants:

| Key | Translation | Description  |
|-----+-------------+--------------|
| ;;  | \\=’           | Glottal stop |

h, k, n, r, s, t, w, and y are bound to a single key.

b, m, and p are used rarely in ideophones and loan words.  They are also
each bound to a single key.

All Haudenosaunee languages, including Mohawk, can be input
simultaneously using the input method `haudenosaunee-postfix'."
 nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)

(pcase-dolist (`(,key ,trans)
               (append iroquoian-mohawk-modifier-alist
                       iroquoian-mohawk-consonant-alist
                       iroquoian-mohawk-vowel-alist))
  (quail-defrule key trans))

\f
;;; Oneida

;;
;; There are slight variations in the orthographies used today to write
;; Oneida.  The differences mainly involve in representation of vowel
;; length and glottal stops.
;;
;; Reference work for Oneida orthography:
;;
;; Michelson, K., Doxtator, M. and Doxtator, M.A.. 2002.
;; Oneida-English/English-Oneida dictionary. Toronto: University of
;; Toronto Press.
;;
;; Orthographic variation from personal familiarity with community
;; language programs and curricula.
;;

(defconst iroquoian-oneida-modifier-alist
  '(("::" ?\N{MIDDLE DOT}))
  "Alist of rules for modifier letters in Oneida input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-oneida-vowel-alist
  '(("a'" ?á)
    ("A'" ?Á)
    ("e'" ?é)
    ("E'" ?É)
    ("i'" ?í)
    ("I'" ?Í)
    ("o'" ?ó)
    ("O'" ?Ó)
    ("u'" ?ú)
    ("U'" ?Ú)
    ("e/" ?ʌ)
    ("e/'" ["ʌ́"])
    ("E/" ?Ʌ)
    ("E/'" ["Ʌ́"])

    ("a''" ["a'"])
    ("A''" ["A'"])
    ("e''" ["e'"])
    ("E''" ["E'"])
    ("i''" ["i'"])
    ("I''" ["I'"])
    ("o''" ["o'"])
    ("O''" ["O'"])
    ("u''" ["u'"])
    ("U''" ["U'"])
    ("e//" ["e/"])
    ("e/''" ["ʌ'"])
    ("E//" ["E/"])
    ("E/''" ["Ʌ'"]))
  "Alist of rules for vowel letters in Oneida input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-oneida-consonant-alist
  '((";;" ?\N{MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP})
    (";'" ?\N{RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK}))
  "Alist of rules for consonant letters in Oneida input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-oneida-devoicing-alist
  '(("_" ?\N{COMBINING LOW LINE})
    ("__" ?_))
  "Alist of rules for devoicing characters in Oneida input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(quail-define-package
 "oneida-postfix" "Oneida" "ONE<" nil
 "Oneida (Onʌyota:ká:) input method with postfix modifiers

Modifiers:

| Key | Translation | Description              |
|-----+-------------+--------------------------|
| ::  | ·           | Vowel length             |

Stress diacritics:

| Key  | Description  | Example |
|------+--------------+---------|
| \\='    | Acute accent | a' -> á |

Doubling the postfix separates the letter and the postfix.

Vowels:

| Key | Translation | Description                       |
|-----+-------------+-----------------------------------|
| e/  | ʌ           | Mid central nasal vowel           |
| E/  | Ʌ           | Mid central nasal vowel (capital) |

a, e, i, o, and u are bound to a single key.

Consonants:

| Key | Translation | Description              |
|-----+-------------+--------------------------|
| ;;  | ˀ           | Glottal stop             |
| ;\\='  | \\=’           | Glottal stop (alternate) |

h, k, l, n, s, t, w, and y are bound to a single key.

Devoicing:

| Key | Description        | Example  |
|-----+--------------------+----------|
| _   | Combining low line | a_ -> a̲ |

Note: Not all fonts can properly display a combining low line on all
letters.

Underlining is commonly used in Oneida to indicate devoiced syllables on
pre-pausal forms (also called utterance-final forms).  Alternatively,
markup or other methods can be used to create an underlining effect.

To enter a plain underscore, type the underscore twice.

All Haudenosaunee languages, including Oneida, can be input
simultaneously using the input method `haudenosaunee-postfix'."
 nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)

(pcase-dolist (`(,key ,trans)
               (append iroquoian-oneida-modifier-alist
                       iroquoian-oneida-consonant-alist
                       iroquoian-oneida-vowel-alist
                       iroquoian-oneida-devoicing-alist))
  (quail-defrule key trans))

\f
;;; Onondaga

;;
;; There are three main orthographies for Onondaga in contemporary use:
;; the community orthography used at Six Nations of the Grand River, the
;; community orthography used at Onondaga Nation in New York, and the
;; orthography used by Hanni Woodbury in her 2003 dictionary (see
;; below).  The latter is included because of its adoption in academia
;; and also by some contemporary second-language learners.
;; Additionally, Woodbury's dictionary provides a helpful description of
;; the community orthographies that is still applicable today.
;;
;; The differences between the orthographies are small, involving
;; representation of nasal vowels (ęand ǫat Six Nations of the Grand
;; River, eñ and oñ at Onondaga in New York, and ęand ųfollowing
;; Woodbury's dictionary), the low front rounded vowel (äat Six Nations
;; and Onondaga Nation and æ following Woodbury), vowel length (:
;; [colon] after a vowel in community orthographies and · [middle dot]
;; following Woodbury), and glottal stops (’ [right single quotation
;; mark] in community orthographies and ʔ [latin letter glottal stop]
;; following Woodbury).  The input method here aims to accommodate all
;; three of these orthographies.
;;
;; Reference work for Onondaga orthography:
;;
;; Hanni Woodbury. 2003. Onondaga-English/English-Onondaga
;; Dictionary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
;;

(defconst iroquoian-onondaga-modifier-alist
  '(("::" ?\N{MIDDLE DOT}))
  "Alist of rules for modifier letters in Onondaga input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-onondaga-vowel-alist
  '(("a'" ?á)
    ("A'" ?Á)
    ("e'" ?é)
    ("E'" ?É)
    ("i'" ?í)
    ("I'" ?Í)
    ("o'" ?ó)
    ("O'" ?Ó)
    ("e," ?ę)
    ("e,'" ["ę́"])
    ("E," ?Ę)
    ("E,'" ["Ę́"])
    ("o," ?ǫ)
    ("o,'" ["ǫ́"])
    ("O," ?Ǫ)
    ("O,'" ["Ǫ́"])
    ("a\"" ?ä)
    ("a\"'" ["ä́"])
    ("A\"" ?Ä)
    ("A\"'" ["Ä́"])
    ;; From Woodbury (2003) orthography:
    ("a/" ?æ)
    ("a/'" ["ǽ"])
    ("A/" ?Æ)
    ("A/'" ["Ǽ"])
    ("u," ?ų)
    ("u,'" ["ų́"])
    ("U," ?Ų)
    ("U,'" ["Ų́"])

    ("a''" ["a'"])
    ("A''" ["A'"])
    ("e''" ["e'"])
    ("E''" ["E'"])
    ("i''" ["i'"])
    ("I''" ["I'"])
    ("o''" ["o'"])
    ("O''" ["O'"])
    ("e,," ["e,"])
    ("e,''" ["ę'"])
    ("E,," ["E,"])
    ("E,''" ["Ę'"])
    ("o,," ["o,"])
    ("o,''" ["ǫ'"])
    ("O,," ["O,"])
    ("O,''" ["Ǫ'"])
    ("a\"\"" ["a\""])
    ("a\"''" ["ä'"])
    ("A\"\"" ["A\""])
    ("A\"''" ["Ä'"])
    ("a//" ["a/"])
    ("a/''" ["æ'"])
    ("A//" ["A/"])
    ("A/''" ["Æ'"])
    ("u,," ["u,"])
    ("u,''" ["ų'"])
    ("U,," ["U,"])
    ("U,''" ["Ų'"]))
  "Alist of rules for vowel letters in Onondaga input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-onondaga-consonant-alist
  '((";;" ?\N{RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK})
    (";:" ?\N{LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP}))
  "Alist of rules for consonant letters in Onondaga input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-onondaga-nasal-alist
  '(("n-" ?ñ)
    ("n--" ["n-"])
    ("N-" ?Ñ)
    ("N--" ["N-"]))
  "Alist of rules for nasal modifier letters in Onondaga input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(quail-define-package
 "onondaga-postfix" "Onondaga" "ONO<" nil
 "Onondaga (Onųdaʔgegáʔ) input method with postfix modifiers

Modifiers:

| Key | Translation | Description              |
|-----+-------------+--------------------------|
| ::  | ·           | Vowel length (alternate) |

Stress diacritics:

| Key  | Description  | Example |
|------+--------------+---------|
| \\='    | Acute accent | a' -> á |

Doubling the postfix separates the letter and the postfix.

Vowels:

| Key | Translation | Description                           |
|-----+-------------+---------------------------------------|
| Six Nations of the Grand River orthography                |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| e,  | ę | Mid front nasal vowel                           |
| E,  | Ę | Mid front nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| o,  | ǫ | Back high nasal vowel                           |
| O,  | Ǫ | Back high nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| a\"  | ä | Low front rounded vowel                         |
| A\"  | Ä | Low front rounded vowel (capital)               |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| Onondaga Nation, New York orthography                     |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| en- | eñ | Mid front nasal vowel                          |
| EN- | EÑ | Mid front nasal vowel (capital)                |
| on- | oñ | Back high nasal vowel                          |
| ON- | OÑ | Back high nasal vowel (capital)                |
| a\"  | ä  | Low front rounded vowel                        |
| A\"  | Ä  | Low front rounded vowel (capital)              |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| Dictionary orthography (Hanni Woodbury, 2003)             |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| e, | ę | Mid front nasal vowel                            |
| E, | Ę | Mid front nasal vowel (capital)                  |
| u, | ų | Back high nasal vowel                            |
| U, | Ų | Back high nasal vowel (capital)                  |
| a/ | æ | Low front rounded vowel                          |
| A/ | Æ | Low front rounded vowel (capital)                |

a, e, i, and o are bound to a single key.

Consonants:

| Key | Translation | Description              |
|-----+-------------+--------------------------|
| ;;  | \\=’           | Glottal stop             |
| ;:  | ʔ           | Glottal stop (alternate) |

c, d, g, h, j, k, n, s, t, w, and y are bound to a single key.

All Haudenosaunee languages, including Onondaga, can be input
simultaneously using the input method `haudenosaunee-postfix'."
 nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)

(pcase-dolist (`(,key ,trans)
               (append iroquoian-onondaga-modifier-alist
                       iroquoian-onondaga-consonant-alist
                       iroquoian-onondaga-nasal-alist
                       iroquoian-onondaga-vowel-alist))
  (quail-defrule key trans))

\f
;;; Cayuga

;;
;; The primary community orthography used for the Cayuga language is
;; called the Henry orthography, after important language revitalist
;; Reginald Henry.  There are slight variations, particularly in which
;; letter is used to represent the glottal stop.  While the most common
;; seems to be <ˀ> [modifier letter glottal stop], this input method
;; provides mappings for other glottal stop letters in common use.
;; Other common orthographies should be covered by this input method as
;; well.
;;
;; Reference work for Cayuga orthography:
;;
;; Carrie Dyck, Frances Froman, Alfred Keye & Lottie Keye. 2024. A
;; grammar and dictionary of Gayogo̱hó:nǫˀ (Cayuga) (Estudios de
;; Lingüística Amerindia 1).  Berlin: Language Science Press.
;;

(defconst iroquoian-cayuga-modifier-alist nil
  "Alist of rules for modifier letters in Cayuga input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-cayuga-vowel-alist
  '(("a'" ?á)
    ("a-" ["a̱"])
    ("A'" ?Á)
    ("A-" ["A̱"])
    ("e'" ?é)
    ("e-" ["e̱"])
    ("E'" ?É)
    ("E-" ["E̱"])
    ("i'" ?í)
    ("i-" ["i̱"])
    ("I'" ?Í)
    ("I-" ["I̱"])
    ("o'" ?ó)
    ("o-" ["o̱"])
    ("O'" ?Ó)
    ("O-" ["O̱"])
    ("u'" ?ú)
    ("u-" ["u̱"])
    ("U'" ?Ú)
    ("U-" ["U̱"])
    ("e," ?ę)
    ("e,'" ["ę́"])
    ("e,-" ["ę̱"])
    ("E," ?Ę)
    ("E,'" ["Ę́"])
    ("E,-" ["Ę̱"])
    ("o," ?ǫ)
    ("o,'" ["ǫ́"])
    ("o,-" ["ǫ̱"])
    ("O," ?Ǫ)
    ("O,'" ["Ǫ́"])
    ("O,-" ["Ǫ̱"])

    ("a''" ["a'"])
    ("a--" ["a-"])
    ("A''" ["A'"])
    ("A--" ["A-"])
    ("e''" ["e'"])
    ("e--" ["e-"])
    ("E''" ["E'"])
    ("E--" ["E-"])
    ("i''" ["i'"])
    ("i--" ["i-"])
    ("I''" ["I'"])
    ("I--" ["I-"])
    ("o''" ["o'"])
    ("o--" ["o-"])
    ("O''" ["O'"])
    ("O--" ["O-"])
    ("u''" ["u'"])
    ("u--" ["u-"])
    ("U''" ["U'"])
    ("U--" ["U-"])
    ("e,," ["e,"])
    ("e,''" ["ę'"])
    ("e,--" ["ę-"])
    ("E,," ["E,"])
    ("E,''" ["Ę'"])
    ("E,--" ["Ę-"])
    ("o,," ["o,"])
    ("o,''" ["ǫ'"])
    ("o,--" ["ǫ-"])
    ("O,," ["O,"])
    ("O,''" ["Ǫ'"])
    ("O,--" ["Ǫ-"]))
  "Alist of rules for vowel letters in Cayuga input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-cayuga-consonant-alist
  '((";;" ?\N{MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP})
    (";'" ?\N{RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK}))
  "Alist of rules for consonant letters in Cayuga input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(quail-define-package
 "cayuga-postfix" "Cayuga" "CAY<" nil
 "Cayuga (Gayogo̱ho:nǫhnéha:ˀ) input method with postfix modifiers

Stress diacritics:

| Key  | Description  | Example |
|------+--------------+---------|
| \\='    | Acute accent | a' -> á |

Doubling the postfix separates the letter and the postfix.

Vowels:

| Key | Translation | Description                     |
|-----+-------------+---------------------------------|
| e,  | ę           | Mid front nasal vowel           |
| E,  | Ę           | Mid front nasal vowel (capital) |
| o,  | ǫ           | Mid back nasal vowel            |
| O,  | Ǫ           | Mid back nasal vowel (capital)  |

a, e, i, o, and u are bound to a single key.

Consonants:

| Key   | Translation | Description              |
|-------+-------------+--------------------------|
| ;;    | ˀ            | Glottal stop             |
| ;\\='    | \\=’           | Glottal stop (alternate) |

d, g, h, j, k, n, r, s, t, w, y, and f are bound to a single key.

Devoicing:

| Key | Description            | Example  |
|-----+------------------------+----------|
| -   | Combining macron below | a- -> a̱ |

Note: Not all fonts can properly display a combining macron low on all
vowels.

To enter a plain hyphen after a vowel, simply type the hyphen twice.

All Haudenosaunee languages, including Cayuga, can be input
simultaneously using the input method `haudenosaunee-postfix'."
 nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)

(pcase-dolist (`(,key ,trans)
               (append iroquoian-cayuga-modifier-alist
                       iroquoian-cayuga-consonant-alist
                       iroquoian-cayuga-vowel-alist))
  (quail-defrule key trans))

\f
;;; Seneca

;;
;; The orthography for the Seneca language is fairly stable with only
;; minor variations, for example, <sy> vs. <š> (currently preferred in
;; community orthography) for the voiceless postalveolar fricative.
;;
;; In the common community orthography, I'm told that acute and grave
;; accents occur rarely and only on nasal vowels (personal
;; communication).  However, in works by Wallace Chafe, stress is
;; indicated on non-nasal vowels, as well.  The maximal set of letters
;; with accent diacritics is included for the input method, even though
;; many of them apparently don't occur in community orthographies.
;;
;; Reference works for Seneca orthography:
;;
;; Phyllis E. Wms. Bardeau. 2002. Onondowa'ga:' Gawe:no': New Reference
;; Edition. Salamanca, NY: The Seneca Nation of Indians Allegany
;; Education Department.
;;
;; Wallace Chafe. 2015. A Grammar of the Seneca Language. Oakland, CA:
;; University of California Press.
;;

(defconst iroquoian-seneca-modifier-alist nil
  "Alist of rules for modifier letters in Seneca input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-seneca-vowel-alist
  '(("a'" ?á)
    ("a`" ?à)
    ("A'" ?Á)
    ("A`" ?À)
    ("e'" ?é)
    ("e`" ?è)
    ("E'" ?É)
    ("E`" ?È)
    ("i'" ?í)
    ("i`" ?ì)
    ("I'" ?Í)
    ("I`" ?Ì)
    ("o'" ?ó)
    ("o`" ?ò)
    ("O'" ?Ó)
    ("O`" ?Ò)
    ("a\"" ?ä)
    ("a\"'" ["ä́"])
    ("a\"`" ["ä̀"])
    ("A\"" ?Ä)
    ("A\"'" ["Ä́"])
    ("A\"`" ["Ä̀"])
    ("e\"" ?ë)
    ("e\"'" ["ë́"])
    ("e\"`" ["ë̀"])
    ("E\"" ?Ë)
    ("E\"'" ["Ë́"])
    ("E\"`" ["Ë̀"])
    ("o\"" ?ö)
    ("o\"'" ["ö́"])
    ("o\"`" ["ö̀"])
    ("O\"" ?Ö)
    ("O\"'" ["Ö́"])
    ("O\"`" ["Ö̀"])
    ;; Rare (e.g., niwú’u:h 'it is tiny' [Chafe 2015]):
    ("u'" ?ú)
    ("u`" ?ù)
    ("U'" ?Ú)
    ("U`" ?Ù)

    ("a''" ["a'"])
    ("a``" ["a`"])
    ("A''" ["A'"])
    ("A``" ["A`"])
    ("e''" ["e'"])
    ("e``" ["e`"])
    ("E''" ["E'"])
    ("E``" ["E`"])
    ("i''" ["i'"])
    ("i``" ["i`"])
    ("I''" ["I'"])
    ("I``" ["I`"])
    ("o''" ["o'"])
    ("o``" ["o`"])
    ("O''" ["O'"])
    ("O``" ["O`"])
    ("a\"\"" ["a\""])
    ("a\"''" ["ä'"])
    ("a\"``" ["ä`"])
    ("A\"\"" ["A\""])
    ("A\"''" ["Ä'"])
    ("A\"``" ["Ä`"])
    ("e\"\"" ["e\""])
    ("e\"''" ["ë'"])
    ("e\"``" ["ë`"])
    ("E\"\"" ["E\""])
    ("E\"''" ["Ë'"])
    ("E\"``" ["Ë`"])
    ("o\"\"" ["o\""])
    ("o\"''" ["ö'"])
    ("o\"``" ["ö`"])
    ("O\"\"" ["O\""])
    ("O\"''" ["Ö'"])
    ("O\"``" ["Ö`"])
    ("u''" ["u'"])
    ("u``" ["u`"])
    ("U''" ["U'"])
    ("U``" ["U`"]))
  "Alist of rules for vowel letters in Seneca input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-seneca-consonant-alist
  '((";;" ?\N{RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK})
    ("s/" ?š)
    ("s//" ["s/"])
    ("S/" ?Š)
    ("S//" ["S/"]))
  "Alist of rules for consonant letters in Seneca input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(quail-define-package
 "seneca-postfix" "Seneca" "SEE<" nil
 "Seneca (Onödowá’ga:’) input method with postfix modifiers

Stress diacritics:

| Key  | Description  | Example |
|------+--------------+---------|
| \\='    | Acute accent | a' -> á|
| \\=`    | Grave accent | a` -> à|

Doubling any of these postfixes separates the letter and the postfix.

Vowels:

| Key | Translation | Description                        |
|-----+-------------+------------------------------------|
| e\"  | ë           | Mid front nasal vowel              |
| E\"  | Ë           | Mid front nasal vowel (capital)    |
| o\"  | ö           | Low-mid back nasal vowel           |
| O\"  | Ö           | Low-mid back nasal vowel (capital) |
| a\"  | ä           | Low front vowel                    |
| A\"  | Ä           | Low front vowel (capital)          |

a, e, i, o, and u are bound to a single key.

Consonants:

| Key   | Translation | Description                                |
|-------+-------------+--------------------------------------------|
| ;;    | \\=’           | Glottal stop                               |
| s/    | š           | Voiceless postalveolar fricative           |
| S/    | Š           | Voiceless postalveolar fricative (capital) |

d, g, h, j, k, n, s, t, w, y, and z are bound to a single key.

b, m, and p are used rarely in ideophones and nicknames.  They are also
each bound to a single key.

All Haudenosaunee languages, including Seneca, can be input
simultaneously using the input method `haudenosaunee-postfix'."
 nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)

(pcase-dolist (`(,key ,trans)
               (append iroquoian-seneca-modifier-alist
                       iroquoian-seneca-consonant-alist
                       iroquoian-seneca-vowel-alist))
  (quail-defrule key trans))

\f
;;; Haudenosaunee (composite Northern Iroquoian)

;;
;; This input method represents a composite input method for all of the
;; Northern Iroquoian languages included above.
;;
;; Although the "Iroquoian languages" is a standard term employed by
;; linguists and scholars, some believe the term "Iroquois" to be of
;; derogatory origin (see Dyck 2024).  Hence, some prefer to refer to
;; what are collectively termed by linguists the "Five Nations Iroquois"
;; languages (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca) by the autonym
;; "Haudenosaunee" (e.g., "Haudenosaunee languages").
;;
;; However, it should be noted that the term "Haudenosaunee" is itself
;; an Anglicized form, probably from Seneca Hodínöhsö:ni:h 'they make
;; houses' or Hodínöhšo:ni:h 'People of the Long House'.  Speakers of
;; Cayuga may prefer the word Hodinǫhsǫ:nih, and speakers of Mohawk may
;; prefer Rotinonhsón:ni or Rotinonhsíón:ni.  These terms themselves
;; collectively relate to the confederacy of Indigenous nations that has
;; existed in what is now known as New York State in Northeastern North
;; America for many centuries, the founding of which is retold in oral
;; tradition in the story of The Peacemaker.
;;
;; It should also be noted that while Tuscarora and Wendat languages are
;; both sometimes included under the "Haudenosaunee languages" umbrella
;; (and by implication, those groups as a part of the Haudenosaunee
;; Confederacy), the exact extent of what defines "Haudenosaunee" has
;; occasionally caused controversy.
;;
;; Additionally, some prefer to collectively refer to the "Haudenosaunee
;; languages" using the terms Onkwehonwehnéha (Mohawk), Ukwehuwehnéha
;; (Oneida), Ǫgwehǫwekhá’ (Onondaga), Ǫgwehǫwéhneha:ˀ (Cayuga), and
;; Ögwé’öwe:ka:’ (Seneca), which all mean 'in the manner of the Original
;; People'.
;;
;; Bearing all of this in mind, I have opted to retain the term
;; "Iroquoian" in the name of this file (`iroquoian.el') (and hence, in
;; the symbol names in its namespace), while using "Haudenosaunee" in
;; the name of the input method that encompasses all of the languages so
;; far implemented: "haudenosaunee-postfix" --- this is the name shown
;; as a completion candidate after users enter M-x set-input-method RET.
;; Note that those searching for input methods for the individual
;; languages should have no problem finding them knowing only their
;; Anglicized names (e.g., Mohawk, Oneida, etc.), as these have been
;; retained in the names of the corresponding input methods.
;;
;; Above all, I hope that these decisions help those who wish to speak,
;; read, and write Onkwehonwehnéha.
;;
;; Iorihowá:nen ne aiónhnheke’ ne raotiwén:na’!
;; It is important that the language continues to live!
;;

(defconst iroquoian-haudenosaunee-modifier-alist
  (seq-uniq (append iroquoian-mohawk-modifier-alist
                    iroquoian-oneida-modifier-alist
                    iroquoian-onondaga-modifier-alist
                    iroquoian-cayuga-modifier-alist
                    iroquoian-seneca-modifier-alist))
  "Alist of rules for modifier letters in Haudenosaunee input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-haudenosaunee-vowel-alist
  (seq-uniq (append iroquoian-mohawk-vowel-alist
                    iroquoian-oneida-vowel-alist
                    iroquoian-onondaga-vowel-alist
                    iroquoian-cayuga-vowel-alist
                    iroquoian-seneca-vowel-alist))
  "Alist of rules for vowel letters in Haudenosaunee input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-haudenosaunee-consonant-alist
  (seq-uniq (append
             '((";;" ?\N{RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK})
               (";'" ?\N{MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP})
               (";:" ?\N{LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP}))
             iroquoian-mohawk-consonant-alist
             iroquoian-oneida-consonant-alist
             iroquoian-onondaga-consonant-alist
             iroquoian-cayuga-consonant-alist
             iroquoian-seneca-consonant-alist)
            (lambda (c1 c2)
              (equal (car c1) (car c2))))
  "Alist of rules for consonant letters in Haudenosaunee input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-haudenosaunee-devoicing-alist
  '(("_" ?\N{COMBINING LOW LINE})
    ("__" ?_))
  "Alist of rules for devoicing characters in Haudenosaunee input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(defconst iroquoian-haudenosaunee-nasal-alist iroquoian-onondaga-nasal-alist
  "Alist of rules for nasal modifier letters in Haudenosaunee input methods.
Entries are as with rules in `quail-define-rules'.")

(quail-define-package
 "haudenosaunee-postfix" "Haudenosaunee" "HOD<" nil
 "Composite input method for Haudenosaunee (Northern Iroquoian) languages

This input method can be used to enter the following languages:

- Mohawk (Kanien’kéha / Onkwehonwehnéha)
- Oneida (Onʌyota:ká: / Ukwehuwehnéha)
- Cayuga (Gayogo̱ho:nǫhnéha:ˀ)
- Onondaga (Onųdaʔgegáʔ)
- Seneca (Onödowá’ga:’)

Modifiers:

| Key | Translation | Description              |
|-----+-------------+--------------------------|
| ::  | ·           | Vowel length (alternate) |

Stress diacritics:

| Key  | Description  | Example |
|------+--------------+---------|
| \\='    | Acute accent | a' -> á |
| \\=`    | Grave accent | a` -> à |

Doubling any of these postfixes separates the letter and the postfix.

Vowels:

| Key  | Translation | Description                                     |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Mohawk                                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Single-key vowels: a e i o                                           |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Oneida                                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| e/   | ʌ           | Mid central nasal vowel                         |
| E/   | Ʌ           | Mid central nasal vowel (capital)               |
| Single-key vowels: a e i o u                                         |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Onondaga                                                             |
| (Six Nations of the Grand River)                                     |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| e,   | ę           | Mid front nasal vowel                           |
| E,   | Ę           | Mid front nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| o,   | ǫ           | Back high nasal vowel                           |
| O,   | Ǫ           | Back high nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| a\"   | ä           | Low front rounded vowel                         |
| A\"   | Ä           | Low front rounded vowel (capital)               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| (Onondaga Nation, New York)                                          |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| en~  | eñ          | Mid front nasal vowel                           |
| EN~  | EÑ          | Mid front nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| on~  | oñ          | Back high nasal vowel                           |
| ON~  | OÑ          | Back high nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| a\"   | ä           | Low front rounded vowel                         |
| A\"   | Ä           | Low front rounded vowel (capital)               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| (Hanni Woodbury, 2003)                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| e,   | ę           | Mid front nasal vowel                           |
| E,   | Ę           | Mid front nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| u,   | ų           | Back high nasal vowel                           |
| U,   | Ų           | Back high nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| a/   | æ           | Low front rounded vowel                         |
| A/   | Æ           | Low front rounded vowel (capital)               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| (all)                                                                |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Single-key vowels: a e i o                                           |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Cayuga                                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| e,   | ę           | Mid front nasal vowel                           |
| E,   | Ę           | Mid front nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| o,   | ǫ           | Mid back nasal vowel                            |
| O,   | Ǫ           | Mid back nasal vowel (capital)                  |
| Single-key vowels: a e i o u                                         |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Seneca                                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| e\"   | ë           | Mid front nasal vowel                           |
| E\"   | Ë           | Mid front nasal vowel (capital)                 |
| o\"   | ö           | Low-mid back nasal vowel                        |
| O\"   | Ö           | Low-mid back nasal vowel (capital)              |
| a\"   | ä           | Low front vowel                                 |
| A\"   | Ä           | Low front vowel (capital)                       |
| Single-key vowels: a e i o u                                         |

Consonants:

| Key   | Translation | Description                                    |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Mohawk                                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ;;    | \\=’           | Glottal stop                                   |
| Single-key consonants: h k n r s t w y (b m p)                       |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Oneida                                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ;\\='    | ˀ           | Glottal stop                                   |
| ;;    | \\=’           | Glottal stop (alternate)                       |
| Single-key consonants: h k l n s t w y                               |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Onondaga                                                             |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ;;    | \\=’           | Glottal stop                                   |
| ;:    | ʔ           | Glottal stop (alternate)                       |
| Single-key consonants: c d g h j k n s t w y                         |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Cayuga                                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ;\\='    | ˀ           | Glottal stop                                   |
| ;;    | \\=’           | Glottal stop (alternate)                       |
| Single-key consonants: d g h j k n r s t w y (f)                     |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Seneca                                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| ;;    | \\=’           | Glottal stop                                   |
| s/    | š           | Voiceless postalveolar fricative               |
| S/    | Š           | Voiceless postalveolar fricative (capital)     |
| Single-key consonants: d g h j k n s t w y z (b m p)                 |

Devoicing:

| Key | Description            | Examples                     |
|-----+------------------------+------------------------------|
| _   | Combining low line     | a_ -> a̲, · -> ·̲           |
| -   | Combining macron below | a- -> a̱(after vowels only)  |

Note: Not all fonts can properly display a combining low line on all
letters and a combining macron below on all vowels.

Underlining is commonly used in Oneida to indicate devoiced syllables on
pre-pausal forms (also called utterance-final forms).  Alternatively,
markup or other methods can be used to create an underlining effect.

To enter a plain underscore, the underscore twice.

Macron below is commonly used in Cayuga to indicate devoiced vowels.

To enter a plain hyphen after a vowel, simply type the hyphen twice.

There are individual input methods for each of the languages that can be
entered with this input method: `mohawk-postfix', `oneida-postfix',
`onondaga-postfix', `cayuga-postfix', `seneca-postfix'."
 nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)

(pcase-dolist (`(,key ,trans)
               (append iroquoian-haudenosaunee-modifier-alist
                       iroquoian-haudenosaunee-consonant-alist
                       iroquoian-haudenosaunee-nasal-alist
                       iroquoian-haudenosaunee-vowel-alist
                       iroquoian-haudenosaunee-devoicing-alist))
  (quail-defrule key trans))

(provide 'iroquoian)
;;; iroquoian.el ends here