The Paul Graham's "Revenge of the nerds" cummulator function and the solution in Emacs Lisp

The Paul Graham's "Revenge of the nerds" cummulator function and the solution in Emacs Lisp

[Tiago Charters de Azevedo]

I've been reading  Paul Graham's "Revenge of the nerds"
(http://www.paulgraham.com/icad.html) particularly  the appendix. It states the
problem of writing "a function that generates accumulators-- a function that takes
a number n, and returns a function that takes another number i and returns n
incremented by i. (That's incremented by, not plus. An accumulator has to
accumulate.)"

Should not the function foo in Common Lisp  work with Emacs Lisp?

(defun foo (n)
  (lambda (i)     
    (incf n i))) 

by setting

(setq a (foo 3))

followed  by 

(funcall a 1)

When I try to evaluate (funcall a 1) in Emacs (in emacs-lisp mode) I get:

Debugger entered--Lisp error: (void-variable n)
  (+ n i)
  (setq n (+ n i))
  (incf n i)
  (lambda (i) (incf n i))(1)
  funcall((lambda (i) (incf n i)) 1)
  eval((funcall a 1))
  eval-last-sexp-1(nil)
  eval-last-sexp(nil)
  call-interactively(eval-last-sexp


It seems that emacs considers that n is a local variable because it is inside a
lambda expression?

Is this a bug? Or I'm missing something?

Thanks

tca

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Re: The Paul Graham's "Revenge of the nerds" cummulator function and the solution in Emacs Lisp

[Barry Margolin]

In article <mailman.243.1244499530.2239.help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org>,
 Tiago Charters de Azevedo <tca@cii.fc.ul.pt> wrote:

> I've been reading  Paul Graham's "Revenge of the nerds"
> (http://www.paulgraham.com/icad.html) particularly  the appendix. It states 
> the
> problem of writing "a function that generates accumulators-- a function that 
> takes
> a number n, and returns a function that takes another number i and returns n
> incremented by i. (That's incremented by, not plus. An accumulator has to
> accumulate.)"
> 
> Should not the function foo in Common Lisp  work with Emacs Lisp?

Emacs Lisp has dynamic scoping, not lexical scoping.  If you want to 
emulate lexical scoping, (require 'cl-macs) and use lexical-let:

(defun foo (n)
  (lexical-let ((lexn n))
    (lambda (i)
      (incf lexn n))))

> 
> (defun foo (n)
>   (lambda (i)     
>     (incf n i))) 
> 
> by setting
> 
> (setq a (foo 3))
> 
> followed  by 
> 
> (funcall a 1)
> 
> When I try to evaluate (funcall a 1) in Emacs (in emacs-lisp mode) I get:
> 
> Debugger entered--Lisp error: (void-variable n)
>   (+ n i)
>   (setq n (+ n i))
>   (incf n i)
>   (lambda (i) (incf n i))(1)
>   funcall((lambda (i) (incf n i)) 1)
>   eval((funcall a 1))
>   eval-last-sexp-1(nil)
>   eval-last-sexp(nil)
>   call-interactively(eval-last-sexp
> 
> 
> It seems that emacs considers that n is a local variable because it is inside 
> a
> lambda expression?
> 
> Is this a bug? Or I'm missing something?
> 
> Thanks
> 
> tca

-- 
Barry Margolin, barmar@alum.mit.edu
Arlington, MA
*** PLEASE post questions in newsgroups, not directly to me ***
*** PLEASE don't copy me on replies, I'll read them in the group ***

Re: The Paul Graham's "Revenge of the nerds" cummulator function and the solution in Emacs Lisp

[Tassilo Horn]

Tiago Charters de Azevedo <tca@cii.fc.ul.pt> writes:

Hi Tiago,

> Should not the function foo in Common Lisp work with Emacs Lisp?
>
> (defun foo (n)
>   (lambda (i)     
>     (incf n i))) 

No, that won't work because emacs has no lexical scoping and that code
is a closure.  See the elisp manual:

,----[ (info "(elisp)Extent") ]
|    To illustrate this, the function below, `make-add', returns a
| function that purports to add N to its own argument M.  This would work
| in Common Lisp, but it does not do the job in Emacs Lisp, because after
| the call to `make-add' exits, the variable `n' is no longer bound to
| the actual argument 2.
| 
|      (defun make-add (n)
|          (function (lambda (m) (+ n m))))  ; Return a function.
|           => make-add
|      (fset 'add2 (make-add 2))  ; Define function `add2'
|                                 ;   with `(make-add 2)'.
|           => (lambda (m) (+ n m))
|      (add2 4)                   ; Try to add 2 to 4.
|      error--> Symbol's value as variable is void: n
| 
|    Some Lisp dialects have "closures," objects that are like functions
| but record additional variable bindings.  Emacs Lisp does not have
| closures.
`----

Bye,
Tassilo
-- 
Chuck Norris once rode a bull, and nine months later it had a calf.