I can still reproduce this bug on the latest emacs-29 commit. I do not have tramp-save-ad-hoc-proxies set.

I have since found out that simply M-x load-library tramp will have these connection-local-*-alist variables set without haven’t done anything.
On 4 Jun 2023 at 9:59 AM +0100, Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>, wrote:
> Jimmy Yuen Ho Wong <wyuenho@gmail.com> writes:
>
> Hi,
>
> > Whenever I install a package or do anything that turns on Tramp such as
> > sudoing, Tramp writes to my `custom-file-path` the variables
> > `connection-local-criteria-alist` and
> > `connection-local-profile-alist`. This is undesirable as it prevents the
> > customs files from being versioned effectively and shared across
> > multiple Emacs installations across machines. Furthermore, no package
> > should write to the customs file without the user's explicitly
> > approval. Defcustoms should be used for customizations, not caching.
>
> This sounds like the same problem as bug#62106. This was fixed in the
> emacs-29 branch as commit
>
> --8<---------------cut here---------------start------------->8---
> commit 36ade0704e1829fd27970e8d478cf4b52deed517
> Author: Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
> Date: Mon Mar 13 18:02:36 2023 +0100
>
> Fix connection-local variables settings
> --8<---------------cut here---------------end--------------->8---
>
> Tramp itself calls customize-save-variable only in case you use a
> multi-hop method, and you have set tramp-save-ad-hoc-proxies to a
> non-nil value. This behavior has been implemented with commit
>
> --8<---------------cut here---------------start------------->8---
> commit 53dc7bec8303584772e0922acb64aa6e1625b556
> Author: Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
> Date: Mon May 29 11:22:54 2023 +0200
>
> Fix regression when saving tramp-default-proxies-alist (Do not merge)
> --8<---------------cut here---------------end--------------->8---
>
> Could you, please, check?
>
> Best regards, Michael.