* Could anyone explain why example no. 4 is different from the others?
@ 2023-08-17 3:15 Rodrigo Morales
2023-08-17 4:32 ` tomas
2023-08-17 10:41 ` Philip Kaludercic
0 siblings, 2 replies; 3+ messages in thread
From: Rodrigo Morales @ 2023-08-17 3:15 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: help-gnu-emacs
Could anyone explain why example no. 4 is different from the others?
Example no. 1
,----
| (append '(nil) '(nil) '(nil))
`----
,----
| (nil nil nil)
`----
Example no. 2
,----
| (funcall 'append '(nil) '(nil) '(nil))
`----
,----
| (nil nil nil)
`----
Example no. 3
,----
| (apply 'append '((nil) (nil) (nil)))
`----
,----
| (nil nil nil)
`----
Example no. 4
,----
| (apply 'append '(nil) '(nil) '(nil))
`----
,----
| (nil nil)
`----
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 3+ messages in thread
* Re: Could anyone explain why example no. 4 is different from the others?
2023-08-17 3:15 Could anyone explain why example no. 4 is different from the others? Rodrigo Morales
@ 2023-08-17 4:32 ` tomas
2023-08-17 10:41 ` Philip Kaludercic
1 sibling, 0 replies; 3+ messages in thread
From: tomas @ 2023-08-17 4:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Rodrigo Morales; +Cc: help-gnu-emacs
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On Thu, Aug 17, 2023 at 03:15:50AM +0000, Rodrigo Morales wrote:
> Could anyone explain why example no. 4 is different from the others?
> Example no. 1
>
> ,----
> | (append '(nil) '(nil) '(nil))
> `----
>
> ,----
> | (nil nil nil)
> `----
>
> Example no. 2
>
> ,----
> | (funcall 'append '(nil) '(nil) '(nil))
> `----
>
> ,----
> | (nil nil nil)
> `----
>
> Example no. 3
>
> ,----
> | (apply 'append '((nil) (nil) (nil)))
> `----
>
> ,----
> | (nil nil nil)
> `----
>
> Example no. 4
>
> ,----
> | (apply 'append '(nil) '(nil) '(nil))
> `----
>
> ,----
> | (nil nil)
> `----
Because your example number three is actually four nils. We
just can't see the fourth :)
Cheers
--
t
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^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 3+ messages in thread
* Re: Could anyone explain why example no. 4 is different from the others?
2023-08-17 3:15 Could anyone explain why example no. 4 is different from the others? Rodrigo Morales
2023-08-17 4:32 ` tomas
@ 2023-08-17 10:41 ` Philip Kaludercic
1 sibling, 0 replies; 3+ messages in thread
From: Philip Kaludercic @ 2023-08-17 10:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Rodrigo Morales; +Cc: help-gnu-emacs
Rodrigo Morales <moralesrodrigo1100@gmail.com> writes:
> Could anyone explain why example no. 4 is different from the others?
> Example no. 1
>
> ,----
> | (append '(nil) '(nil) '(nil))
> `----
>
> ,----
> | (nil nil nil)
> `----
>
> Example no. 2
>
> ,----
> | (funcall 'append '(nil) '(nil) '(nil))
> `----
This is equivalent to example 1.
> ,----
> | (nil nil nil)
> `----
>
> Example no. 3
>
> ,----
> | (apply 'append '((nil) (nil) (nil)))
> `----
This is also equivalent to example 1.
> ,----
> | (nil nil nil)
> `----
>
> Example no. 4
>
> ,----
> | (apply 'append '(nil) '(nil) '(nil))
> `----
This is equivalent to
(funcall 'append '((nil) (nil) . (nil)))
or
(append '(nil) '(nil) nil)
because with apply, the last argument is used to call a function with
variadic arguments.
In general, (funcall 'foo a b c ...) is the same as (apply 'foo (list a
b c ...)).
> ,----
> | (nil nil)
> `----
^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 3+ messages in thread
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