When it comes to tree-sitter which you linked to, I didn't understand from their website how they deal with compile time dependencies and various configuration options that are usually passed via configure & co.

Various lsp implementations like ycmd and lsp-mode can use "compile database" produced by tools like bear, compiledb and similar. As I see on teee-sitter they only speak about language grammars. I have though only read their website tonight after you posted your mail.