bug#63564: 29.0.91; (setcdr) behaves differently between natively and byte compiled code

bug#63564: 29.0.91; (setcdr) behaves differently between natively and byte compiled code

[Jimmy Yuen Ho Wong]

Users have discovered there's a markdown-mode function that behaves
differently depending Emacs is executing byte-compiled code or natively
compiled code.

The issue is documented
[here](https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode/issues/578).


There are two examples in the issue that will produce an `Wrong type
argument: consp, nil` error on the natively compiled version of
`markdown-imenu-create-nested-index`, but not the byte-compiled or
interpreted version.  A user has provided a disassembly of the natively
compiled code for that function.

The last user has said and I can confirm the offending line seems to be `(setcdr
sibling-alist alist)` in that function.

Much appreciate it if Andrea could take a look.




In GNU Emacs 29.0.91 (build 1, aarch64-apple-darwin22.4.0, NS
 appkit-2299.50 Version 13.3.1 (a) (Build 22E772610a)) of 2023-05-17
 built on MobileCat.localdomain
Windowing system distributor 'Apple', version 10.3.2299
System Description:  macOS 13.3.1

Configured using:
 'configure --prefix=/opt/local --disable-silent-rules --without-dbus
 --without-gconf --without-libotf --without-m17n-flt --with-libgmp
 --with-gnutls --with-json --with-xml2 --with-modules --infodir
 /opt/local/share/info/emacs --with-sqlite3 --with-webp --with-ns
 --with-lcms2 --without-harfbuzz --without-imagemagick --without-xaw3d
 --with-tree-sitter --with-rsvg --with-xwidgets
 --with-native-compilation=aot 'CFLAGS=-pipe -Os -Wno-attributes
 -isysroot/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX13.sdk -arch
 arm64' 'CPPFLAGS=-I/opt/local/include
 -isysroot/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX13.sdk'
 'LDFLAGS=-L/opt/local/lib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -Wl,-rpath
 /opt/local/lib/gcc12 -Wl,-no_pie
 -Wl,-syslibroot,/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX13.sdk
 -arch arm64''

Configured features:
ACL GIF GLIB GMP GNUTLS JPEG JSON LCMS2 LIBXML2 MODULES NATIVE_COMP
NOTIFY KQUEUE NS PDUMPER PNG RSVG SQLITE3 THREADS TIFF
TOOLKIT_SCROLL_BARS TREE_SITTER WEBP XWIDGETS ZLIB

Important settings:
  value of $LANG: en_GB.UTF-8
  locale-coding-system: utf-8-unix

Major mode: ELisp/l

Minor modes in effect:
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  smooth-scrolling-mode: t
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  savehist-mode: t
  save-place-mode: t
  rxt-global-mode: t
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  recentf-mode: t
  minibuffer-depth-indicate-mode: t
  ido-vertical-mode: t
  ido-ubiquitous-mode: t
  global-whitespace-cleanup-mode: t
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  global-so-long-mode: t
  global-origami-mode: t
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  global-move-dup-mode: t
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  global-hl-line-mode: t
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  global-diff-hl-show-hunk-mouse-mode: t
  diff-hl-show-hunk-mouse-mode: t
  global-diff-hl-mode: t
  diff-hl-mode: t
  global-company-mode: t
  company-mode: t
  global-auto-revert-mode: t
  global-aggressive-indent-mode: t
  aggressive-indent-mode: t
  gcmh-mode: t
  flx-ido-mode: t
  ido-everywhere: t
  icomplete-vertical-mode: t
  icomplete-mode: t
  fido-mode: t
  editorconfig-mode: t
  direnv-mode: t
  desktop-save-mode: t
  delete-selection-mode: t
  dap-auto-configure-mode: t
  dap-mode: t
  yas-minor-mode: t
  auto-compile-on-save-mode: t
  auto-compile-mode: t
  amx-mode: t
  tooltip-mode: t
  global-eldoc-mode: t
  eldoc-mode: t
  show-paren-mode: t
  electric-indent-mode: t
  mouse-wheel-mode: t
  menu-bar-mode: t
  file-name-shadow-mode: t
  global-font-lock-mode: t
  font-lock-mode: t
  blink-cursor-mode: t
  window-divider-mode: t
  size-indication-mode: t
  column-number-mode: t
  line-number-mode: t
  visual-line-mode: t
  transient-mark-mode: t
  auto-composition-mode: t
  auto-encryption-mode: t
  auto-compression-mode: t
  temp-buffer-resize-mode: t

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bug#63564: 29.0.91; (setcdr) behaves differently between natively and byte compiled code

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Jimmy Yuen Ho Wong <wyuenho@gmail.com>
> Date: Thu, 18 May 2023 03:40:40 +0100
> 
> 
> Users have discovered there's a markdown-mode function that behaves
> differently depending Emacs is executing byte-compiled code or natively
> compiled code.
> 
> The issue is documented
> [here](https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode/issues/578).
> 
> 
> There are two examples in the issue that will produce an `Wrong type
> argument: consp, nil` error on the natively compiled version of
> `markdown-imenu-create-nested-index`, but not the byte-compiled or
> interpreted version.  A user has provided a disassembly of the natively
> compiled code for that function.
> 
> The last user has said and I can confirm the offending line seems to be `(setcdr
> sibling-alist alist)` in that function.
> 
> Much appreciate it if Andrea could take a look.

Adding Andrea.

While, of course, Andrea's help will be appreciated, there's currently
no reason to believe this is a problem in the Emacs core, and
therefore filing a bug report here could be premature.  Ideally, the
markdown-mode's developers should examine the problem first and
present convincing evidence that this is a problem with native
compilation and not with the code in markdown-mode itself.

bug#63564: 29.0.91; (setcdr) behaves differently between natively and byte compiled code

[Mattias Engdegård]

> Users have discovered there's a markdown-mode function that behaves
> differently depending Emacs is executing byte-compiled code or natively
> compiled code.
> 
> The issue is documented
> [here](https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode/issues/578).

> 
> There are two examples in the issue that will produce an `Wrong type
> argument: consp, nil` error on the natively compiled version of
> `markdown-imenu-create-nested-index`, but not the byte-compiled or
> interpreted version.  A user has provided a disassembly of the natively
> compiled code for that function.
> 
> The last user has said and I can confirm the offending line seems to be `(setcdr
> sibling-alist alist)` in that function.
> 
> Much appreciate it if Andrea could take a look.


I'm not Andrea, but it appears that a related coding error was fixed in a recent commit to markdown-mode, 44f0e89534. Did that help?

bug#63564: 29.0.91; (setcdr) behaves differently between natively and byte compiled code

[Andrea Corallo]

Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:

>> From: Jimmy Yuen Ho Wong <wyuenho@gmail.com>
>> Date: Thu, 18 May 2023 03:40:40 +0100
>> 
>> 
>> Users have discovered there's a markdown-mode function that behaves
>> differently depending Emacs is executing byte-compiled code or natively
>> compiled code.
>> 
>> The issue is documented
>> [here](https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode/issues/578).
>> 
>> 
>> There are two examples in the issue that will produce an `Wrong type
>> argument: consp, nil` error on the natively compiled version of
>> `markdown-imenu-create-nested-index`, but not the byte-compiled or
>> interpreted version.  A user has provided a disassembly of the natively
>> compiled code for that function.
>> 
>> The last user has said and I can confirm the offending line seems to be `(setcdr
>> sibling-alist alist)` in that function.
>> 
>> Much appreciate it if Andrea could take a look.
>
> Adding Andrea.
>
> While, of course, Andrea's help will be appreciated, there's currently
> no reason to believe this is a problem in the Emacs core, and
> therefore filing a bug report here could be premature.  Ideally, the
> markdown-mode's developers should examine the problem first and
> present convincing evidence that this is a problem with native
> compilation and not with the code in markdown-mode itself.

Yep, if markdown-mode's developers could present a reproducer showing
how exactly the function miss-behaves and where that would help.

  Andrea

bug#63564: 29.0.91; (setcdr) behaves differently between natively and byte compiled code

[Jimmy Wong]

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As Mattias has noted, this commit on markdown-mode did fix the issues, it would still be nice to know why the natively compiled version behaves differently from the byte compiled version tho. This could be good learning for occasional elisp devs such as myself to know what to watch out for.

https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode/commit/44f0e89534e6e5b3e752759d513f4a6f9757b9ee
On 18 May 2023 at 8:54 AM +0100, Andrea Corallo <akrl@sdf.org>, wrote:
> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
>
> > > From: Jimmy Yuen Ho Wong <wyuenho@gmail.com>
> > > Date: Thu, 18 May 2023 03:40:40 +0100
> > >
> > >
> > > Users have discovered there's a markdown-mode function that behaves
> > > differently depending Emacs is executing byte-compiled code or natively
> > > compiled code.
> > >
> > > The issue is documented
> > > [here](https://github.com/jrblevin/markdown-mode/issues/578).
> > >
> > >
> > > There are two examples in the issue that will produce an `Wrong type
> > > argument: consp, nil` error on the natively compiled version of
> > > `markdown-imenu-create-nested-index`, but not the byte-compiled or
> > > interpreted version. A user has provided a disassembly of the natively
> > > compiled code for that function.
> > >
> > > The last user has said and I can confirm the offending line seems to be `(setcdr
> > > sibling-alist alist)` in that function.
> > >
> > > Much appreciate it if Andrea could take a look.
> >
> > Adding Andrea.
> >
> > While, of course, Andrea's help will be appreciated, there's currently
> > no reason to believe this is a problem in the Emacs core, and
> > therefore filing a bug report here could be premature. Ideally, the
> > markdown-mode's developers should examine the problem first and
> > present convincing evidence that this is a problem with native
> > compilation and not with the code in markdown-mode itself.
>
> Yep, if markdown-mode's developers could present a reproducer showing
> how exactly the function miss-behaves and where that would help.
>
> Andrea

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bug#63564: 29.0.91; (setcdr) behaves differently between natively and byte compiled code

[Mattias Engdegård]

18 maj 2023 kl. 19.45 skrev Jimmy Wong <wyuenho@gmail.com>:

> As Mattias has noted, this commit on markdown-mode did fix the issues, it would still be nice to know why the natively compiled version behaves differently from the byte compiled version tho. This could be good learning for occasional elisp devs such as myself to know what to watch out for.

The code was mutating a program constant (quoted list) which is a no-no in Elisp. As luck has it, a new warning in Emacs 30 discovered it and a markdown-mode maintainer changed the code accordingly (the commit message says that he 'fixed a warning' but he really fixed broken code; the warning is fine).

Technically, the error likely occurred because the native compiler propagated that constant to its points of use where it underwent some compile-time evaluation. Essentially:

(let ((root '(nil)))
  ...
   (let ((sibling-alist (last (cdr root))))  ; sibling-alist = nil
     (dotimes (_ (1- level))
       (setq sibling-alist (last (cdar sibling-alist)))) ; still nil
       (setcdr sibling-alist alist)      ; boom

In Emacs 30 the byte-compiler is able to do some of that propagation as well, and rightly so.
Don't mutate program constants. It's not safe, and it has never been safe.

bug#63564: 29.0.91; (setcdr) behaves differently between natively and byte compiled code

[Eli Zaretskii]

> Date: Thu, 18 May 2023 18:45:01 +0100
> From: Jimmy Wong <wyuenho@gmail.com>
> Cc: 63564@debbugs.gnu.org
> 
> As Mattias has noted, this commit on markdown-mode did fix the issues, it would still be nice to know
> why the natively compiled version behaves differently from the byte compiled version tho. This could be
> good learning for occasional elisp devs such as myself to know what to watch out for.

Andrea told what he'd need to investigate, so if you or someone else
is interested, please present the data he requested.

For now, I'm closing this bug.

bug#63564: 29.0.91; (setcdr) behaves differently between natively and byte compiled code

[Jimmy Wong]

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Thank you so much!
On 18 May 2023 at 7:01 PM +0100, Mattias Engdegård <mattias.engdegard@gmail.com>, wrote:
> 18 maj 2023 kl. 19.45 skrev Jimmy Wong <wyuenho@gmail.com>:
>
> > As Mattias has noted, this commit on markdown-mode did fix the issues, it would still be nice to know why the natively compiled version behaves differently from the byte compiled version tho. This could be good learning for occasional elisp devs such as myself to know what to watch out for.
>
> The code was mutating a program constant (quoted list) which is a no-no in Elisp. As luck has it, a new warning in Emacs 30 discovered it and a markdown-mode maintainer changed the code accordingly (the commit message says that he 'fixed a warning' but he really fixed broken code; the warning is fine).
>
> Technically, the error likely occurred because the native compiler propagated that constant to its points of use where it underwent some compile-time evaluation. Essentially:
>
> (let ((root '(nil)))
> ...
> (let ((sibling-alist (last (cdr root)))) ; sibling-alist = nil
> (dotimes (_ (1- level))
> (setq sibling-alist (last (cdar sibling-alist)))) ; still nil
> (setcdr sibling-alist alist) ; boom
>
> In Emacs 30 the byte-compiler is able to do some of that propagation as well, and rightly so.
> Don't mutate program constants. It's not safe, and it has never been safe.
>

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