I use a Java language server with Eglot that returns "jar:" URIs like
those discussed in this bug thread.
I took Danny's jarchive.el and combined it with the attached patch,
which modifies Eglot so that it does not convert non-file URIs into
file paths.
With this patch and jarchive.el, "goto definition" works as expected
when the Java source code is inside a jar file.