Hi Eli,

> What is the value of native-comp-eln-load-path in
that session?

Thanks for looking into it. native-comp-eln-load-path is:

("/home/holger/.emacs.d/eln-cache/"
"/usr/local/stow/emacs/lib/emacs/29.0.50/native-lisp/")

And the first directory is certainly writable:

holger@holger:~$ ll ~/.emacs.d/eln-cache/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 holger holger 4096 Oct  4 21:08 29.0.50-aee1894c/
holger@holger:~$ ll ~/.emacs.d/eln-cache/29.0.50-aee1894c/
total 4724
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 108536 Oct  3 09:04
cl-extra-d7051cba-954d0113.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  61192 Oct  3 09:04 cl-lib-8b938900-c76f14d9.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 333328 Oct  3 09:05
cl-macs-7ae82f81-7195f6d0.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  61032 Oct  4 21:07
cl-print-79bf9fb1-c759fffb.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 128112 Oct  3 09:04 cl-seq-f464c4e2-41e7a709.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  46168 Oct  3 09:05
derived-381801a7-44101f77.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 314336 Oct  3 09:06 dired-6a3ae2bc-a97b899d.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  39168 Oct  3 09:05
display-line-numbers-1d060f2e-ac11bdb2.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  50896 Oct  3 09:06
emacsbug-2b184f71-463477ae.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 109760 Oct  3 09:05 epa-bdd8ea1c-902eeb9e.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  34696 Oct  3 09:05
epg-config-78240760-6b96d0a3.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 414104 Oct  3 09:05 epg-de089247-f5f7c3c5.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  22304 Oct  3 09:05
gmm-utils-3a9b481d-ca3307d0.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 154784 Oct  3 09:05
gnus-util-b645aa9c-09000edd.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 211592 Oct  3 09:04 gv-e0cf7478-70e05b9c.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 182992 Oct  4 21:07
help-fns-d233c6e8-a099ac59.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  73536 Oct  3 09:04
help-mode-d4dbae3d-942d04d2.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  35328 Oct  3 09:04 icons-eafe82eb-aebf40bc.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  41688 Oct  3 09:05
ietf-drums-23d9ecfe-d43bb971.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  97616 Oct  3 09:06
mail-extr-e04131ae-0d3fbd03.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  19856 Oct  3 09:05
mail-parse-5e7f4583-4dd5f035.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  38032 Oct  3 09:05
mail-utils-ae525238-1df0075a.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  44736 Oct  3 09:05
mailabbrev-287b6d20-0b61dba5.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  75672 Oct  3 09:05
mailcap-a1205653-fa0834cd.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  26520 Oct  3 09:05
mailheader-2dff755b-d62c8c9d.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 571024 Oct  3 09:06
message-4a315c5a-c7ff10aa.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  29928 Oct  3 09:05
mm-bodies-5a92b2dc-09a021c3.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 176576 Oct  3 09:05
mm-decode-4a4c16d8-5bfcef52.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  27776 Oct  3 09:05
mm-encode-4f0ce800-f393314a.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  62432 Oct  3 09:05
mm-util-3a4439f0-1f9a87ba.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 126880 Oct  3 09:05 mml-34028078-bb605e70.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 103496 Oct  3 09:05
mml-sec-827872f6-853bc022.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  19384 Oct  3 09:05
password-cache-187e4eec-58743954.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  43240 Oct  3 09:06 pp-5d47c1cc-a707bff5.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  30168 Oct  3 09:05 puny-eb5a151f-3cb4b46d.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  16360 Oct  3 09:05
rfc2045-713c994b-52b58bf3.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  72400 Oct  3 09:05
rfc2047-b84e264d-9d53d444.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  33248 Oct  3 09:05
rfc2231-e2cbed75-26dda543.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  18032 Oct  3 09:05
rfc6068-5e4d60aa-08220a90.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  28592 Oct  3 09:05 rfc822-a91daeff-9d287a67.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 140704 Oct  3 09:04 rx-627d8c83-8e412280.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger 119264 Oct  3 09:05
sendmail-bcf4df3f-de9a20b1.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  28792 Oct  3 09:06 shadow-87c8aad9-fa6a3d65.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  49616 Oct  3 09:06 sort-14dd51e7-e6a8ba97.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  16056 Oct  2 18:00
subr--trampoline-61626f72742d7265637572736976652d65646974_abort_recursive_edit_0.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  16056 Oct  2 18:00
subr--trampoline-6d616b652d70726f63657373_make_process_0.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  16056 Oct  2 18:00
subr--trampoline-73656c6563742d77696e646f77_select_window_0.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  16024 Oct  2 18:00
subr--trampoline-746f702d6c6576656c_top_level_0.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  49072 Oct  3 09:04 subr-x-02dfef32-177735b4.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  29264 Oct  3 09:05
text-property-search-db1383f6-ed2e2f1e.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  61032 Oct  4 21:08
thingatpt-6fc8a4ab-5c620eb5.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  56680 Oct  3 09:05
time-date-40951a48-f2fbd30f.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  31184 Oct  3 09:05
warnings-28e75f4d-02da775e.eln*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 holger holger  25088 Oct  3 09:05
yank-media-62540c94-43b16516.eln*

But some files are still recompiled again and again. Here are two different
output from the "*Async-native-compile-log*" with two different invocations
of "emacs -Q". And somehow the cl-loaddefs.el.gz gets compiled twice:

First one:

Compilation finished.
Compiling
/usr/local/share/emacs/29.0.50/lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-loaddefs.el.gz...
uncompressing cl-loaddefs.el.gz...
uncompressing cl-loaddefs.el.gz...done
Compiling /usr/local/share/emacs/29.0.50/lisp/thingatpt.el.gz...
uncompressing thingatpt.el.gz...
uncompressing thingatpt.el.gz...done
Compilation finished.

(above file list is from this point-in-time)

Next one:

Compilation finished.
Compiling
/usr/local/share/emacs/29.0.50/lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-loaddefs.el.gz...
uncompressing cl-loaddefs.el.gz...
uncompressing cl-loaddefs.el.gz...done
Compilation finished.

But despite this, nothing ends up in the eln-cache:

holger@holger:~$ find ~/.emacs.d/eln-cache/ -name "cl-load*"
holger@holger:~$

But ... it's not only cl-loaddefs.el. My Emacs setup normally is Emacs
Doom. So when I start Emacs without -Q, I see that

Compiling /usr/local/share/emacs/29.0.50/lisp/emacs-lisp/pcase.el.gz...
uncompressing pcase.el.gz...
uncompressing pcase.el.gz...done

pcase.el gets native-compiled. But later ...

holger@holger:~$ find ~/.emacs.d/eln-cache/ -name "pcase*"
holger@holger:~$

.. doesn't find anything. So there seem to be more Emacs Lisp libraries
that fall through the roster.