According to the document of `recent-keys`, the return value does not contain events generated by keyboard macros, but it does. To reproduce this: Run Emacs by "emacs -Q", define a keyboard macro by " a " (a keyboard macro that inserts "a"), and hit twice. I expected the last two items of the return value of recent-keys are F4, F4, but they are F4, 97. I used the following code to check it. (progn (require 'cl-lib) (defun my/test-recent-keys () (message (prin1-to-string (let ((kys (recent-keys))) (cl-subseq kys (- (length kys) 2)))))) (add-hook 'post-command-hook #'my/test-recent-keys)) In Emacs 24.5, the last two items are F4, F4 as expected. Sho Takemori In GNU Emacs 25.0.91.1 (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.16.7) of 2016-02-15 built on XPS-13 Repository revision: f3aaca3552ba961d13cd1ee935c1c6b075f2398a Windowing system distributor 'The X.Org Foundation', version 11.0.11702000 System Description: Ubuntu 15.10 Configured features: XPM JPEG TIFF GIF PNG RSVG IMAGEMAGICK SOUND GPM DBUS GCONF GSETTINGS NOTIFY ACL LIBSELINUX GNUTLS LIBXML2 FREETYPE M17N_FLT LIBOTF XFT ZLIB TOOLKIT_SCROLL_BARS GTK3 X11 Important settings: value of $LC_MONETARY: ja_JP.UTF-8 value of $LC_NUMERIC: ja_JP.UTF-8 value of $LC_TIME: ja_JP.UTF-8 value of $LANG: ja_JP.UTF-8 value of $XMODIFIERS: @im=ibus locale-coding-system: utf-8-unix Major mode: Lisp Interaction Minor modes in effect: tooltip-mode: t global-eldoc-mode: t electric-indent-mode: t mouse-wheel-mode: t tool-bar-mode: t menu-bar-mode: t file-name-shadow-mode: t global-font-lock-mode: t font-lock-mode: t blink-cursor-mode: t auto-composition-mode: t auto-encryption-mode: t auto-compression-mode: t line-number-mode: t transient-mark-mode: t Recent messages: [backspace 67108911 backspace backspace backspace] [67108911 backspace backspace backspace 114] [backspace backspace backspace 114 101] [backspace backspace 114 101 109] [backspace 114 101 109 111] [114 101 109 111 118] [101 109 111 118 101] [109 111 118 101 5] (eldoc-schedule-timer) funcall-interactively: End of buffer [4 times] Load-path shadows: None found. Features: (shadow sort mail-extr emacsbug message dired format-spec rfc822 mml mml-sec epg epg-config gnus-util mm-decode mm-bodies mm-encode mail-parse rfc2231 mailabbrev gmm-utils mailheader sendmail rfc2047 rfc2045 ietf-drums mm-util help-fns mail-prsvr mail-utils kmacro cl-extra help-mode easymenu cl-loaddefs pcase cl-lib time-date mule-util japan-util tooltip eldoc electric uniquify ediff-hook vc-hooks lisp-float-type mwheel x-win term/common-win x-dnd tool-bar dnd fontset image regexp-opt fringe tabulated-list newcomment elisp-mode lisp-mode prog-mode register page menu-bar rfn-eshadow timer select scroll-bar mouse jit-lock font-lock syntax facemenu font-core frame cl-generic cham georgian utf-8-lang misc-lang vietnamese tibetan thai tai-viet lao korean japanese eucjp-ms cp51932 hebrew greek romanian slovak czech european ethiopic indian cyrillic chinese charscript case-table epa-hook jka-cmpr-hook help simple abbrev minibuffer cl-preloaded nadvice loaddefs button faces cus-face macroexp files text-properties overlay sha1 md5 base64 format env code-pages mule custom widget hashtable-print-readable backquote dbusbind inotify dynamic-setting system-font-setting font-render-setting move-toolbar gtk x-toolkit x multi-tty make-network-process emacs) Memory information: ((conses 16 92247 8518) (symbols 48 20094 0) (miscs 40 474 146) (strings 32 15372 4220) (string-bytes 1 449613) (vectors 16 12977) (vector-slots 8 514251 7318) (floats 8 166 121) (intervals 56 223 10) (buffers 976 11) (heap 1024 40476 865))