bug#68557: 30.0.50; "--enable-checking=yes,glyphs" leads to "alloc.c:3446: Emacs fatal error: assertion failed: h->index_size > 1"

[Gregor Zattler via "Bug reports for GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors" <bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org>]

Dear Emacs developers, building the Emacs master branch
as of commit 5f5faad249747ce5bd4b7f2968f737206c136265
on an up-to-date debian bookworm system fails if
configured with --enable-checking=yes,glyphs

The build works, if configured without --enable-checking=yes,glyphs.

The build was done with a fresh checkout, and debian default CFLAGS etc, like so:

eval $(dpkg-buildflags --export=sh); CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wall"; git clean -fdx; rm -rf * ; git co -f ; ./autogen.sh && ./configure  --infodir=/usr/share/info/emacs --with-json --with-file-notification=yes --with-libsystemd --with-cairo --with-x=yes --with-x-toolkit=no  --without-toolkit-scroll-bars --without-gsettings --enable-check-lisp-object-type --enable-checking=yes,glyphs --with-native-compilation ; nice -n 20 ionice -c 3 eatmydata make V=1 NATIVE_FULL_AOT=0

This are the last lines of output of a failed build:

TZ=UTC0 touch -t 197001010000 emacs-lisp/macroexp.elc
'../src/bootstrap-emacs' -batch --no-site-file --no-site-lisp  \
-l comp -f batch-byte-compile emacs-lisp/cconv.el
TZ=UTC0 touch -t 197001010000 emacs-lisp/cconv.elc
'../src/bootstrap-emacs' -batch --no-site-file --no-site-lisp  \
-l comp -f batch-byte-compile emacs-lisp/byte-opt.el
TZ=UTC0 touch -t 197001010000 emacs-lisp/byte-opt.elc
'../src/bootstrap-emacs' -batch --no-site-file --no-site-lisp  \
-l comp -f batch-byte-compile emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el
TZ=UTC0 touch -t 197001010000 emacs-lisp/bytecomp.elc
'../src/bootstrap-emacs' -batch --no-site-file --no-site-lisp  \
-l comp -f batch-byte-compile emacs-lisp/comp.el

alloc.c:3446: Emacs fatal error: assertion failed: h->index_size > 1
make[3]: *** [Makefile:325: emacs-lisp/comp.elc] Aborted
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/grfz/src/my-next-emacs/lisp'
make[2]: *** [Makefile:1017: bootstrap-emacs.pdmp] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/grfz/src/my-next-emacs/src'
make[1]: *** [Makefile:554: src] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/grfz/src/my-next-emacs'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/grfz/src/my-next-emacs'
***
*** "make all" failed with exit status 2.
***
*** You could try to:
*** - run "make bootstrap", which might fix the problem
*** - run "make V=1", which displays the full commands invoked by make,
***   to further investigate the problem
***
make[1]: *** [Makefile:418: advice-on-failure] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/grfz/src/my-next-emacs'
make: *** [Makefile:374: all] Error 2

I'm happy to answer questions, but as I do not know
much about building in general, they should be specific
and detailed.

HTH, Gregor