From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Path: news.gmane.io!.POSTED.blaine.gmane.org!not-for-mail From: Michael Heerdegen Newsgroups: gmane.emacs.help Subject: Closures - do you understand them well? Date: Thu, 08 Dec 2022 16:36:12 +0100 Message-ID: <87lenh7vrn.fsf@web.de> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Injection-Info: ciao.gmane.io; posting-host="blaine.gmane.org:116.202.254.214"; logging-data="6641"; mail-complaints-to="usenet@ciao.gmane.io" User-Agent: Gnus/5.13 (Gnus v5.13) To: Emacs mailing list Original-X-From: help-gnu-emacs-bounces+geh-help-gnu-emacs=m.gmane-mx.org@gnu.org Thu Dec 08 16:37:13 2022 Return-path: Envelope-to: geh-help-gnu-emacs@m.gmane-mx.org Original-Received: from lists.gnu.org ([209.51.188.17]) by ciao.gmane.io with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.92) (envelope-from ) id 1p3IxU-0001ZI-Rq for geh-help-gnu-emacs@m.gmane-mx.org; Thu, 08 Dec 2022 16:37:12 +0100 Original-Received: from localhost ([::1] helo=lists1p.gnu.org) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1p3Iwj-0003jf-1w; Thu, 08 Dec 2022 10:36:25 -0500 Original-Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([2001:470:142:3::10]) by lists.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1p3Iwg-0003h1-4p for help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org; Thu, 08 Dec 2022 10:36:22 -0500 Original-Received: from mout.web.de ([217.72.192.78]) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.2:ECDHE_RSA_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:256) (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1p3Iwe-0006hs-H3 for help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org; Thu, 08 Dec 2022 10:36:21 -0500 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=web.de; s=s29768273; t=1670513772; bh=P0bmlo3cg5op8gJzFmZfKczdbtiMnPIXFeorjV3N2as=; h=X-UI-Sender-Class:From:To:Subject:Date; b=fzD/Z0at0SY4XH4wuX1Awx6cSrfH89KQxx+L3XkBMSHV6oySWMtotM4JNRCqeqWnl F9h5oMKLJjxfwXUA19mghrxtBA0OVv7FlC5zzPKnf2fnBeIA0cywPszErUWMROjuKs LY1L3aUnh+eBLxoFEcmyAGd0xN5YjwOpWr9A/xrVawqYPRlAiEoc74ouIQJxvcZFKi c+7Fq2Pkip/GPfAjo7fGmO7hr9Ajtv4CfzRwAy8X65Uua8Ku2v/p0CF1S4rgnY/P4M XrgwwfG6GFn/PXR79Zbdhu/jfZhIKI2fw+AeaL/q3VpM6Ju7/DnKqPAErRYw+uKzef bZfe4lhTPzL2w== X-UI-Sender-Class: 814a7b36-bfc1-4dae-8640-3722d8ec6cd6 Original-Received: from drachen.dragon ([92.76.229.140]) by smtp.web.de (mrweb105 [213.165.67.124]) with ESMTPSA (Nemesis) id 1MxYbD-1ok0wP2WML-00xQjc; Thu, 08 Dec 2022 16:36:12 +0100 X-Provags-ID: V03:K1:kHMCOQ4kDnbgPflNhYF8JN+aO2FukVGbQ9SbuGYsduJsJO9BF88 F4Y/9Ow1Lq90vtnH+vYqKkVga6jw20Z5hb1c8n/DThCAP6z7/0OBI05YeoyKLlLTZTg/J2g VDbnPGPBjJ4CLiAkYUhmpYr7iqEaFtPgQhD/NPOuyafx6XxBFDPsaRlkrveTuncGMm7P90N 1+wJgyBi/tkJCsOmVHrVw== UI-OutboundReport: notjunk:1;M01:P0:anZmluVgrho=;5lyJycJtaT5Tei1SteOxEyqkkwR EQc0Hqc0pqYfYcfYulalYmcTu+FZx45kpswqwQQw8BHrTwn55KkHd8D7FsiQCutmfN0cgzrmm poG1d8eLhNuH8xfoWYzND209UULj/DGFj4YusuGhraQOUx5YHSHDpBbf0OpVden4bawHZRknp aaqiH9ta6yIuq7wwShGS2Y/T5YytegX8ZjVL48m0jidv/bboSV9M5meBRUt19eXLzwDs0A8Cl VoD3dwCE7hNol1zqS2UDyP8/oCvSR9aadoz8dJrI7Iwwx9BPGy/5bY95pSZTzxMkrYAJUT8wT iyTqwRCmCeDDDNMmGcd28Wc9QzI7Mg4OcqwwKaZcetwW4I8jsm0DyZfKLlFuvylSWfNBOeN+f QN6EiEYVgdw/7GVkW9RA2jN+FqGG1xZ8s+WXLd9abzUXDxkDOAlW2gG3m0HBkUKJ6mv1UkKhR ZQ+ei0jacucEAXXFjxba7pkogGlT25fjr/RB+4knT6OI2S0Ga3HLDJU2DUcCLFMrqSelzF3D7 7j33a+VZVBxSWvDuajsSUlg8faK6Fas80K+burrBZ3TwJ2+l0td4xU7vUApY/7H0z1rnUn0cR NiJUc6kv7824ns+DqB84VzhoaJuIDaWMJHl7hAkfko+JItZRawzEbu1Wje0YbikxI7iSxizrx mop7qfR8CbMhz34ERVRJRX1215oy7WU5jLDKCrbIbkKnGRmSZ46x7+ZsjxgFxZIz//68blc10 V5izUd2P2NrVhGfQ1h1hBbjEd54EbwQNn4Kn0xXgLQP3qOxQbTEVauPGvzoi/pJWcGcYIOwB Received-SPF: pass client-ip=217.72.192.78; envelope-from=michael_heerdegen@web.de; helo=mout.web.de X-Spam_score_int: -27 X-Spam_score: -2.8 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.8 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, FREEMAIL_FROM=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_LOW=-0.7, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H2=-0.001, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: Users list for the GNU Emacs text editor List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: help-gnu-emacs-bounces+geh-help-gnu-emacs=m.gmane-mx.org@gnu.org Original-Sender: help-gnu-emacs-bounces+geh-help-gnu-emacs=m.gmane-mx.org@gnu.org Xref: news.gmane.io gmane.emacs.help:141459 Archived-At: Hi, Maybe you will have fun with this new exercise: What is the return value of the following expression, and what's your reasoning? Answer without asking Emacs: #+begin_src emacs-lisp ;; -*- lexical-binding: t -*- (let ((i 0) (funs '())) (while (< (setq i (1+ i)) 4) (push (lambda () i) funs)) (apply #'+ (mapcar #'funcall funs))) #+end_src Please no "you better write this as ... and then it returns ..." answers: I mean this code and what it returns. Have fun! Michael.