From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Path: main.gmane.org!not-for-mail From: Kin Cho Newsgroups: gmane.emacs.bugs Subject: woman Date: 10 Oct 2002 09:50:42 -0700 Sender: bug-gnu-emacs-admin@gnu.org Message-ID: <7iptui5jbx.fsf@neoscale.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: localhost.gmane.org Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii X-Trace: main.gmane.org 1034269080 8054 127.0.0.1 (10 Oct 2002 16:58:00 GMT) X-Complaints-To: usenet@main.gmane.org NNTP-Posting-Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 16:58:00 +0000 (UTC) Return-path: Original-Received: from monty-python.gnu.org ([199.232.76.173]) by main.gmane.org with esmtp (Exim 3.35 #1 (Debian)) id 17zgdJ-00025b-00 for ; Thu, 10 Oct 2002 18:57:58 +0200 Original-Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=monty-python.gnu.org) by monty-python.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.10) id 17zgdV-00049v-00; Thu, 10 Oct 2002 12:58:10 -0400 Original-Received: from list by monty-python.gnu.org with tmda-scanned (Exim 4.10) id 17zgdE-0003wP-00 for bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu; Thu, 10 Oct 2002 12:57:52 -0400 Original-Received: from mail by monty-python.gnu.org with spam-scanned (Exim 4.10) id 17zgdB-0003rS-00 for bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu; Thu, 10 Oct 2002 12:57:52 -0400 Original-Received: from trinity.ranger.supernews.net ([216.168.1.22] helo=trinity.supernews.net) by monty-python.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.10) id 17zgdA-0003r6-00 for bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu; Thu, 10 Oct 2002 12:57:49 -0400 Original-Received: from mail.fu-berlin.de ([160.45.11.165] ident=root) by trinity.supernews.net with esmtp (Exim 3.36 #1) id 17zgd9-000CL2-00 for gnu-emacs-bug@moderators.isc.org; Thu, 10 Oct 2002 16:57:47 +0000 Original-Received: by mail.fu-berlin.de (Smail3.2.0.98) from Curry.ZEDAT.FU-Berlin.DE (160.45.10.36) with esmtp id ; Thu, 10 Oct 2002 18:57:46 +0200 (MEST) Original-Received: by Curry.ZEDAT.FU-Berlin.DE (Smail3.2.0.98) from news.fu-berlin.de with bsmtp id ; Thu, 10 Oct 2002 18:57:45 +0200 (MEST) Original-To: gnu-emacs-bug@moderators.isc.org Original-Path: 12.24.46.66!not-for-mail Original-Newsgroups: gnu.emacs.bug Original-Lines: 441 X-Orig-NNTP-Posting-Host: 12.24.46.66 X-Orig-X-Trace: fu-berlin.de 1034269064 20342852 12.24.46.66 (16 [151019]) User-Agent: Gnus/5.09 (Gnus v5.9.0) Emacs/21.2 Errors-To: bug-gnu-emacs-admin@gnu.org X-BeenThere: bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.0.11 Precedence: bulk List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: , List-Id: Bug reports for GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: Xref: main.gmane.org gmane.emacs.bugs:3677 X-Report-Spam: http://spam.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.bugs:3677 Hi, woman doesn't display the included file (lilo-22.3.3/manPages/lilo.8) correctly. Look for the list after: The above command line options correspond to the key words in the config file indicated below. and again after: return values, except for the lilo-generated 40, 99 and 9A. A partial list of error codes follows: I'm using the version of woman from: GNU Emacs 21.2.1 (i686-pc-linux-gnu, X toolkit, Xaw3d scroll bars) of 2002-08-01 on nscldt26 -kin '\" t .\" @(#)lilo.8 1.0 950728 aeb .\" This page is based on the lilo docs, which carry the following .\" COPYING condition: .\" .\" LILO program code, documentation and auxiliary programs are .\" Copyright 1992-1998 Werner Almesberger. .\" Extensions to LILO, documentation and auxiliary programs are .\" Copyright 1999-2002 John Coffman. .\" All rights reserved by the respective copyright holders. .\" .\" Redistribution and use is subject to the terms set forth in .\" the file COPYING in the source directory. .\" .\" Original version, Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl), 950728 .\" Added t directive, as Daniel Quinlan asked, 950824 .\" Added L switch, John Coffman, 991118 .\" Added T switch, John Coffman, 001001 .\" Added p switch, John Coffman, 010402 .\" Added x switch, John Coffman, 010409 .\" Added A switch, John Coffman, 010417 .\" Added M switch, John Coffman, 010417 .\" Added g switch, John Coffman, 010526 .\" Added z switch, John Coffman, 010829 .\" Added E switch, John Coffman, 020409 .\" Added B,F & X switches, John Coffman, 020418 .\" Added "k" option to I switch, John Coffman, 020609 .\" .TH LILO 8 "09 Jun 2002" .SH NAME lilo \- install boot loader .SH SYNOPSIS Main function: .LP .B " /sbin/lilo" \- install boot loader .LP Auxiliary uses: .LP .B " /sbin/lilo -q" \- query map .br .B " /sbin/lilo -T" \- tell more about specified topic .br .B " /sbin/lilo -R" \- set default command line for next reboot .br .B " /sbin/lilo -A" \- activate/show active partition .br .B " /sbin/lilo -E" \- edit header or update a bitmap file .br .B " /sbin/lilo -M " \- write a Master Boot Record on a device .br .B " /sbin/lilo -I" \- inquire path name of current kernel .br .B " /sbin/lilo {-u|-U}" \- uninstall LILO boot loader .SH DESCRIPTION .LP .B lilo installs a boot loader that will be activated next time you boot. It has lots of options. .LP .TP .BI "\-\^A " "master-device [ N ]" Inquire of active partition on device .IR master-device ; e.g., "/dev/hda". With a number in the range 1 to 4, activate the specified partition on the master device. .TP .BI "\-\^b " bootdev Specify the boot device; i.e., where the boot loader will be installed. "-b /dev/hda" specifies the Master Boot Record; "-b /dev/sdb5" specifies the first extended partition on the second SCSI disk. .TP .BI "\-\^B " bitmap-file Specify a bitmap file for the boot-time graphics screen. .TP .B "\-\^c" Enable map compaction. This will merge read requests from adjacent sectors. Speeds up the booting (especially from floppy). .TP .BI "\-\^C " config-file .B lilo reads its instructions about what files to map from the specified configuration file. This option overrides the use of the default config file, .IR "/etc/lilo.conf" . .TP .BI "\-\^d " delay Specifies the delay time in tenths of a second (20 = 2 sec) before automatically booting the first image. Gives you time to interrupt the automatic boot process with Shift, Alt, Ctrl, ScrollLock, or CapsLock. If interrupted, the `boot:' prompt is displayed. This switch is overriden by the appearance of .I prompt in the config-file. .TP .BI "\-\^D " label Use the kernel with the given label, instead of the first one in the list, as the default kernel to boot. .TP .BI "\-\^E " filename.ext If \fB.ext\fP is \fB.bmp\fP, then take the file to be a bitmap graphic file for use in the "bitmap=" configuration file directive. Enter an interactive editor to create or update the color/placement information in the bitmap file LILO header. If \fB.ext\fP is \fB.dat\fP, then take the file to be a configuration file which specifies bitmap graphic parameters, which are transferred into the LILO header in the bitmap file of the same name. .TP .BI "\-\^f " disk-tab Specify disk geometry parameter file. (The default is .IR /etc/disktab .) .TP .BI "\-\^F" Override boot sector check for filesystems (e.g., swap, XFS, ...) which might be destroyed by the installation of the LILO boot sector on the first sector of the partition. These filesystems use the first sector as a superblock. Compare with "-P ignore", which bypasses certain partition table checks. .TP .BI "\-\^g" Generate cylinder/head/sector (geometric) disk addresses. Limited to cylinders up to 1023. Forces compatibility with older versions of LILO. .TP .BI "\-\^i " boot-loader Specify a file to be used as the new boot loader. (The default is .IR /boot/boot.b .) .TP .BI "\-\^I " "label" "\[i|r\]" The label of the running kernel can be found in the environment variable BOOT_IMAGE after startup, or in the pseudo-file `/proc/cmdline'. This command will print path name of the corresponding kernel file, keytable file, or of any initial ramdisk file ("i", "k", or "r" option). .TP .BI "\-\^l" Generate 24-bit linear sector addresses instead of cylinder/head/sector addresses. .TP .BI "\-\^L" Generate 32-bit Logical Block Addresses instead of cylinder/head/sector addresses, allowing access to all partitions on disks with more than 1024 cylinders. .TP .BI "\-\^m " map-file Use specified map file instead of the default. .TP .BI "\-\^M " "master-device [ mbr-file ]" Install a Master Boot Record on the device specified as .IR master-device . The new MBR is copied by default from "mbr.b", which is built into .I /sbin/lilo (version 22.3), unless a specific file is named as the second argument. The primary partition table on .I master-device is undistrubed. If no device serial number is present, then generate one and write it to the MBR. .TP .BI "\-\^p" Require interactive entry of all passwords specified as .B """""" in the configuration file. .TP .BI "\-\^P " "{fix|ignore}" Fix or ignore `corrupt' partition tables, i.e., partition tables with linear and cylinder/head/sector addresses that do not correspond. Always try .I -P ignore first, as .I -P fix will re-write the partition table, possibly destroying all partitions on the disk. .I -P ignore is also used to bypass the partition table check for partition types within the partition table which might not allow the installation of a LILO boot sector. Compare with the "-F" flag, which overrides the check of the actual boot sector. .TP .B \-\^q List the currently mapped files. .B lilo maintains a file, by default .IR "/boot/map" , containing the name and location of the kernel(s) to boot. This option will list the names therein. Use with \fB-v\fP for more detailed information about the installed boot loader. .TP .BI "\-\^r " root-directory Before doing anything else, do a \fIchroot\fP to the indicated directory. The new root directory must contain a .I /dev directory, and may need a .I /boot directory. It may also need an .IR /etc/lilo.conf " file." Used by the .I mkbootdisk shell script for creating a bootable floppy. .TP .BI "\-\^R " "command line" This option sets the default command for the boot loader the next time it executes. The boot loader will then erase this line: this is a once-only command. It is typically used in reboot scripts, just before calling `shutdown -r'. Used without any arguments, it will cancel a \fIlock\fP-ed or \fIfallback\fP command line. .TP .BI "\-\^s " save-file When .B lilo overwrites the boot sector, it preserves the old contents in a file, by default .I /boot/boot.NNNN where NNNN depends on the device. This option specifies an alternate save file for the boot sector. (Or, together with the \fB-u\fP option, specifies from where to restore the boot sector.) .TP .BI "\-\^S " save-file Normally, .B lilo will not overwrite an existing save file. This options says that overwriting is allowed. .TP .BI "\-\^t " Test only. Do not really write a new boot sector or map file. Use together with \fB-v\fP to find out what .B lilo is about to do. .TP .BI "\-\^T " option Print out system information, some of it extracted from the system bios. This is more convenient than booting the LILO diagnostic floppy on problem systems. .I option may be any one of the following: .IP .nf help - print a list of available diagnostics ChRul - list the partition types subject to Change-Rules EBDA - list Extended BIOS Data Area information geom= list drive geometry for bios drive; e.g., geom=0x80 geom - list drive geometry for all drives table= list the primary partition table; e.g., table=/dev/sda video - list graphic modes available to boot loader .fi .TP .BI "\-\^u " [device-name] Uninstall \fIlilo\fP by copying the saved boot sector back. The '-s' and '-C' switches may be used with this option. The \fIdevice-name\fP is optional. A time-stamp is checked. .TP .BI "\-\^U " [device-name] Idem, but do not check the time-stamp. .TP .B "\-\^v" Increase verbosity. Giving one to five \fB-v\fP options will make lilo more verbose, or use, \fB-v\fP \fIn\fP (n=1..5) to set verbosity level '\fIn\fP'. .TP .B "\-\^V" Print version number. .TP .B "\-\^w" Suppress warning messages. .TP .BI "\-\^x " option For RAID installations only. The option may be any of the keywords .IR none , .IR auto , .IR mbr-only , or a comma separated list of additional boot devices (no spaces allowed in the list). .TP .BI "\-\^X" Reserved for LILO internal use. May produce different output for different LILO versions. The line beginning "CFLAGS=" will contain the compiler options used to generate this version of LILO. .TP .B "\-\^z" When used with the -M switch, clears the device serial number. Usually used in the following sequence to generate a new device serial number: .nf lilo -z -M /dev/hda lilo -M /dev/hda .fi .br .LP The above command line options correspond to the key words in the config file indicated below. .IP .TS l l. -b bootdev boot=bootdev -B file.bmp bitmap=file.bmp -c compact -d dsec delay=dsec -D label default=label -i boot-loader install=boot-loader -f file disktab=file -g geometric -l linear -L lba32 -m mapfile map=mapfile -P fix fix-table -P ignore ignore-table -s file backup=file -S file force-backup=file -v [N] verbose=N -w nowarn -x option raid-extra-boot=option .TE .SH "BOOT OPTIONS" The options described here may be specified at on the command line when a kernel image is booted. These options are processed by LILO, and are removed from the command line passed to the kernel, unless otherwise noted. .LP .TP .BI lock Locks the command line, as though 'lock' had been specified in 'lilo.conf.' .TP .BI "mem=###[,K,M]" Specifies the maximum memory in the system in bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes. This option is not removed from the command line, and is always passed to the kernel. .TP .BI nobd Suppresses collection of BIOS data. This option is reserved for use with non-IBM-compliant BIOS's which hang with the lines: .sp .nf Loading............... BIOS data check .fi .TP .BI "vga=[ASK,EXT,EXTENDED,NORMAL]" Allows overriding the default video mode upon kernel startup. .br .SH BOOT ERRORS The boot process takes place in two stages. The first stage loader is a single sector, and is loaded by the BIOS or by the loader in the MBR. It loads the multi-sector second stage loader, but is very space limited. When the first stage loader gets control, it types the letter "L"; when it is ready to transfer control to the second stage loader it types the letter "I". If any error occurs, like a disk read error, it will put out a hexadecimil error code, and then it will re-try the operation. All hex error codes are BIOS return values, except for the lilo-generated 40, 99 and 9A. A partial list of error codes follows: .br .IP .TS l l. 00 no error 01 invalid disk command 0A bad sector flag 0B bad track flag 20 controller failure 40 seek failure (BIOS) 40 cylinder>1023 (LILO) 99 invalid second stage index sector (LILO) 9A no second stage loader signature (LILO) AA drive not ready FF sense operation failed .TE .br .LP Error code 40 is generated by the BIOS, or by LILO during the conversion of a linear (24-bit) disk address to a geometric (C:H:S) address. On older systems which do not support lba32 (32-bit) addressing, this error may also be generated. Errors 99 and 9A usually mean the map file (-m or map=) is not readable, likely because LILO was not re-run after some system change, or there is a geometry mis-match between what LILO used (lilo -v3 to display) and what is actually being used by the BIOS (one of the lilo diagnostic disks, available in the source distribution, may be needed to diagnose this problem). When the second stage loader has received control from the first stage, it prints the letter "L", and when it has initialized itself, including verifying the "Descriptor Table" - the list of kernels/others to boot - it will print the letter "O", to form the full word "LILO", in uppercase. All second stage loader error messages are English text, and try to pinpoint, more or less successfully, the point of failure. .br .SH INCOMPATIBILITIES .B lilo is known to have problems with the .I reiserfs introduced with the 2.2.x kernels, unless the file system is mounted with the 'notail' option. This incompatibilty has been resolved with reiserfs 3.6.18 and lilo 21.6. .sp Beginning with version 22.0, RAID installations write the boot record to the RAID partition. Conditional writing of MBRs may occur to aid in making the RAID set bootable in a recovery situation, but all default actions may be overridden. Action similar to previous versions is achieved using the `-x mbr-only' switch. .SH BUGS Configuration file options `backup' and `force-backup' are not yet correctly implemented for RAID installations. Use of the default boot record backup mechanism seems to work okay, and should be used. .SH "SEE ALSO" fdisk(8), lilo.conf(5), mkrescue(8), mkinitrd(8). .sp The lilo distribution comes with very extensive documentation. (lilo 21) .SH "AUTHORS" Werner Almesberger (versions 0 to 21) .br John Coffman (21.2 to present)