From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Path: news.gmane.org!not-for-mail From: Peter Dyballa Newsgroups: gmane.emacs.help Subject: Re: About `y-or-n-p' Date: Mon, 7 Jan 2013 13:36:34 +0100 Message-ID: <785A5DF6-932E-43E0-9072-0AE8442879C8@Web.DE> References: <20130107200020.03a25e48fd3b69dcf67625ab@gmail.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: plane.gmane.org Mime-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v1085) Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Trace: ger.gmane.org 1357562232 22249 80.91.229.3 (7 Jan 2013 12:37:12 GMT) X-Complaints-To: usenet@ger.gmane.org NNTP-Posting-Date: Mon, 7 Jan 2013 12:37:12 +0000 (UTC) Cc: help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org To: Xue Fuqiao Original-X-From: help-gnu-emacs-bounces+geh-help-gnu-emacs=m.gmane.org@gnu.org Mon Jan 07 13:37:28 2013 Return-path: Envelope-to: geh-help-gnu-emacs@m.gmane.org Original-Received: from lists.gnu.org ([208.118.235.17]) by plane.gmane.org with esmtp (Exim 4.69) (envelope-from ) id 1TsBxG-0007pY-Hp for geh-help-gnu-emacs@m.gmane.org; Mon, 07 Jan 2013 13:37:26 +0100 Original-Received: from localhost ([::1]:49211 helo=lists.gnu.org) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1TsBx1-00047C-1S for geh-help-gnu-emacs@m.gmane.org; Mon, 07 Jan 2013 07:37:11 -0500 Original-Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([208.118.235.92]:59324) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1TsBwt-0003wr-R1 for help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org; Mon, 07 Jan 2013 07:37:05 -0500 Original-Received: from Debian-exim by eggs.gnu.org with spam-scanned (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1TsBws-0000Vv-Kr for help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org; Mon, 07 Jan 2013 07:37:03 -0500 Original-Received: from mout.web.de ([212.227.17.12]:60058) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1TsBws-0000Vp-Bb for help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org; Mon, 07 Jan 2013 07:37:02 -0500 Original-Received: from sumac.fritz.box ([95.223.148.182]) by smtp.web.de (mrweb103) with ESMTPA (Nemesis) id 0Lrryk-1Sqmzs3Aek-013dMZ; Mon, 07 Jan 2013 13:36:36 +0100 In-Reply-To: <20130107200020.03a25e48fd3b69dcf67625ab@gmail.com> X-Mailer: Apple Mail (2.1085) X-Provags-ID: V02:K0:77oKqNtZqD8PKbr+twRMXQJPzm0gL6J+w6vX+p8PlCu rwK5g6TCsKC/z3mGYnfXEek5Tw6C4o4+nI4vsttFwbHtHvVuNY mZxUUI4964V2QVvuq44FC+sNZQoZYnzorHCxI7FlqKimWwg/5S CQSrLmrlWDsZbuOtjxDsWKiM41Vyvoxe44uXrdI8lh7Br6CY4T IFC9hlgzqeG6T8Yy1U2NA== X-detected-operating-system: by eggs.gnu.org: GNU/Linux 2.4.x-2.6.x [generic] X-Received-From: 212.227.17.12 X-BeenThere: help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.14 Precedence: list List-Id: Users list for the GNU Emacs text editor List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: help-gnu-emacs-bounces+geh-help-gnu-emacs=m.gmane.org@gnu.org Original-Sender: help-gnu-emacs-bounces+geh-help-gnu-emacs=m.gmane.org@gnu.org Xref: news.gmane.org gmane.emacs.help:88497 Archived-At: Am 07.01.2013 um 13:00 schrieb Xue Fuqiao: > What does `hardwired' mean? It means: cannot be changed or altered (by some internal variable = setting or function or new algorithm). A software programme can be loaded into a RAM or onto a disk. In the = RAM, or disk, you can change it with patches or other means. You can = also load it on to a CD oder DVD or into a ROM/PROM. These all are = read-only devices, although some of them can be one-time written. The = programme on these devices is hard-wired, its functions are = interconnected with a kind of hardware or real wires as if you had an = experimentation board in which you insert (instead of software function = blocks) ICs, transistors, resistors, capacitors and "programme" them by = soldering wires to the components to make the board (programme) work as = something, as some electric or electronic circuit. When you load the = software into a CPU's RAM you can re-wire the function blocks any time, = because their interconnects are not that "hard". HTH=85 (HTH =3D hope that helps) Or this: = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardwired_control#Hardwired_control_unit -- Greetings Pete Think of XML as Lisp for COBOL programmers. - Tony-A (some guy on /.)