bug#35497: [PATCH v7] Don't rewrite buffer contents after saving by rename

[Jonathan Tomer <jktomer@google.com>]

When `file-precious-flag' is non-nil, files are saved by renaming a
temporary file to the new name; this is an atomic operation on POSIX
so other programs will not see the file in an intermediate state.
Unfortunately, due to a paren-matching error introduced in change
574c05e219476912db3105fa164accd9ba12b35f, we would then write the
contents again in the usual way after this rename.  In addition to
being wasteful, this is a serious bug: the whole point of
`file-precious-flag' is to prevent race conditions with other programs
that might otherwise see an empty file, but with this bug the race is
actually much *more* likely to be visible: the rename will alert any
inotify watchers of a change, and then the subsequent write is very
likely to truncate the file just as those programs start to read it!
* lisp/files.el (basic-save-buffer-2): Don't rewrite file contents
  after saving-by-renaming.
* test/lisp/files-tests.el (files-tests-dont-rewrite-precious-files):
* test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el (tramp-test10-write-region-file-precious-flag):
  Regression tests for this change.
---
 lisp/files.el                |  4 ++--
 test/lisp/files-tests.el     | 15 +++++++++++++++
 test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lisp/files.el b/lisp/files.el
index c05d70a00e..72518e8127 100644
--- a/lisp/files.el
+++ b/lisp/files.el
@@ -5256,7 +5256,7 @@ basic-save-buffer-2
 		     (set-file-extended-attributes buffer-file-name
 						   (nth 1 setmodes)))
 		 (set-file-modes buffer-file-name
-				 (logior (car setmodes) 128))))))
+				 (logior (car setmodes) 128)))))
 	(let (success)
 	  (unwind-protect
 	      (progn
@@ -5272,7 +5272,7 @@ basic-save-buffer-2
 	    (and setmodes (not success)
 		 (progn
 		   (rename-file (nth 2 setmodes) buffer-file-name t)
-		   (setq buffer-backed-up nil))))))
+		   (setq buffer-backed-up nil)))))))
     setmodes))
 
 (declare-function diff-no-select "diff"
diff --git a/test/lisp/files-tests.el b/test/lisp/files-tests.el
index ae8ea41a79..fe2e958f1c 100644
--- a/test/lisp/files-tests.el
+++ b/test/lisp/files-tests.el
@@ -1244,5 +1244,20 @@ files-tests-file-attributes-equal
                     (executable-find (file-name-nondirectory tmpfile))))))
       (delete-file tmpfile))))
 
+(ert-deftest files-tests-dont-rewrite-precious-files ()
+  "Test that `file-precious-flag' forces files to be saved by
+renaming only, rather than modified in-place."
+  (let* ((temp-file-name (make-temp-file "files-tests"))
+         (advice (lambda (_start _end filename &rest _r)
+                   (should-not (string= filename temp-file-name)))))
+    (unwind-protect
+        (with-current-buffer (find-file-noselect temp-file-name)
+          (advice-add #'write-region :before advice)
+          (setq-local file-precious-flag t)
+          (insert "foobar")
+          (should (null (save-buffer))))
+      (ignore-errors (advice-remove #'write-region advice))
+      (ignore-errors (delete-file temp-file-name)))))
+
 (provide 'files-tests)
 ;;; files-tests.el ends here
diff --git a/test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el b/test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el
index cba697da18..0c5ea03741 100644
--- a/test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el
+++ b/test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 
 ;;; Code:
 
+(require 'cl-seq)
 (require 'dired)
 (require 'ert)
 (require 'ert-x)
@@ -2270,6 +2271,34 @@ tramp--test-print-duration
 	;; Cleanup.
 	(ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name))))))
 
+(ert-deftest tramp-test10-write-region-file-precious-flag ()
+    "Check that `file-precious-flag' is respected with Tramp in use."
+  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
+  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))
+
+  (let* ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name))
+         written-files
+         (advice (lambda (_start _end filename &rest _r)
+                   (push filename written-files))))
+
+    (unwind-protect
+        (with-current-buffer (find-file-noselect tmp-name)
+          ;; Write initial contents.  Adapt `visited-file-modtime'
+          ;; in order to suppress confirmation.
+          (insert "foo")
+          (write-region nil nil tmp-name)
+          (set-visited-file-modtime)
+          ;; Run the test.
+          (advice-add 'write-region :before advice)
+          (setq-local file-precious-flag t)
+          (insert "bar")
+          (should (null (save-buffer)))
+          (should-not (cl-member tmp-name written-files :test #'string=)))
+
+      ;; Cleanup.
+      (ignore-errors (advice-remove 'write-region advice))
+      (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name)))))
+
 (ert-deftest tramp-test11-copy-file ()
   "Check `copy-file'."
   (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
-- 
2.21.0.1020.gf2820cf01a-goog