Steps to reproduce:
 1. Build emacs 29.1
 2. Build org-mode with revision 37d6bde27fe228cdadcb5cdaa09287872a508777
 3. Run the following:
```
emacs -q --no-site-file --no-splash --batch --eval "(progn
     (require 'org)
     (setq vc-handled-backends nil)
     (find-file-read-only \"org-mode/testing/examples/pub/a.org\")
     (org-mode)
     (message \"%s\" (pp-to-string (org-element-parse-buffer)))
)"
```

I've attached a Dockerfile that reproduces the issue. Just throw that in a directory and run `docker build -t temp .` to see it fail. Change the `ARG ORG_VERSION=` line to `ac108a3ac1b332bf27ff2984a9cf26af3744185d` to see it succeed.

Error message:
```
File mode specification error: (void-function org-export--list-bound-variables)

Error: void-function (org-export--list-bound-variables)
  mapbacktrace(#f(compiled-function (evald func args flags) #<bytecode 0x1250f7d61dae8645>))
  debug-early-backtrace()
  debug-early(error (void-function org-export--list-bound-variables))
  org-export--list-bound-variables()
  org-element--generate-copy-script(#<buffer a.org> :copy-unreadable do-not-check :drop-visibility t :drop-narrowing t :drop-contents t :drop-locals nil)
  org-element-copy-buffer(:to-buffer #<buffer  *Org parse*> :drop-visibility t :drop-narrowing t :drop-contents t :drop-locals nil)
  org-element-parse-secondary-string("<2014-03-04 Tue>" (bold citation code entity export-snippet inline-babel-call inline-src-block italic line-break latex-fragment link macro radio-target statistics-cookie strike-through subscript superscript target timestamp underline verbatim))
  org-macro--find-date()
  org-macro--collect-macros()
  org-macro-initialize-templates()
  org-mode()
  (progn (require 'org) (setq vc-handled-backends nil) (find-file-read-only "/input/home/talexander/git/org-mode/testing/examples/pub/a.org") (org-mode) (message "%s" (pp-to-string (org-element-parse-buffer))))
  command-line-1(("--no-splash" "--eval" "(progn\n     (require 'org)\n     (setq vc-handled-backends nil)\n     (find-file-read-only \"/input/home/talexander/git/org-mode/testing/examples/pub/a.org\")\n     (org-mode)\n     (message \"%s\" (pp-to-string (org-element-parse-buffer)))\n)"))
  command-line()
  normal-top-level()
Symbol’s function definition is void: org-export--list-bound-variables
```

--
Tom Alexander
pgp: https://fizz.buzz/pgp.asc