Alan, Attached is "Foo.cpp" and "dribble" (if I did it correctly, dribble recorded what I typed). It illustrates a case where indentation is one level deeper than it should be. (The other case we've been working on is one level shallower than it should be). Maybe they are related? visit-file "Foo.cpp", note indentation for "class Bar" is too deep. Now, TAB on the "class Bar" line the indentation corrects. If you reconstruct the file from "dribble" you should see TAB on the "class Bar" line incorrectly indents too deep. My ".emacs" file sets indentation to 2 spaces. I would guess there is an issue where the default (I think 4 spaces) is being used instead of my setting. I've also attached my ".emacs" file as "emacs_init" (Outlook doesn't attach files without a file-name). Please excuse the accumulation of junk in it from many years of emacs use and recommendations obtained from internet sites. Bob Foo.cpp: ---------------------------------------- template< class Bar, int _depth = -1 > class Foo; template< int _depth = -1 > class Foo { }; -----------------------------------------