Re: document package.el

[Tom Tromey <tromey@redhat.com>]

Here is an updated version of my proposed package.el documentation.
I have tried to address all the comments.

Tom

=== modified file 'doc/lispref/ChangeLog'
--- doc/lispref/ChangeLog	2010-08-20 20:07:29 +0000
+++ doc/lispref/ChangeLog	2010-08-21 18:26:54 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
+2010-08-21  Tom Tromey  <tromey@redhat.com>
+
+	* vol2.texi (Top): Update.
+	* vol1.texi (Top): Update.
+	* tips.texi (Library Headers): Mention Package-Version and
+	Package-Requires.
+	* package.texi: New file.
+	* os.texi (System Interface): Update pointers.
+	* elisp.texi (Top): Link to new nodes.  Include package.texi.
+	* anti.texi (Antinews): Update pointers.
+
 2010-08-20  Eli Zaretskii  <eliz@gnu.org>
 
 	* commands.texi (Misc Events): Add cross-references to where

=== modified file 'doc/lispref/anti.texi'
--- doc/lispref/anti.texi	2010-01-13 08:35:10 +0000
+++ doc/lispref/anti.texi	2010-07-30 00:05:33 +0000
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 @c This node must have no pointers.
 
-@node Antinews, GNU Free Documentation License, System Interface, Top
+@node Antinews, GNU Free Documentation License, Packaging, Top
 @appendix Emacs 22 Antinews
 @c Update the elisp.texi, vol1.texi, vol2.texi Antinews menu entries
 @c with the above version number.

=== modified file 'doc/lispref/elisp.texi'
--- doc/lispref/elisp.texi	2010-07-10 18:52:53 +0000
+++ doc/lispref/elisp.texi	2010-07-31 01:32:13 +0000
@@ -159,6 +159,8 @@
 * System Interface::        Getting the user id, system type, environment
                               variables, and other such things.
 
+* Packaging::               Preparing Lisp code for distribution.
+
 Appendices
 
 * Antinews::                Info for users downgrading to Emacs 22.
@@ -1394,6 +1396,12 @@
 * Session Management::      Saving and restoring state with
                               X Session Management.
 
+Preparing Lisp code for distribution
+
+* Packaging Basics::        The basic concepts of Emacs Lisp packages.
+* Simple Packages::         How to package a single .el file.
+* Multi-file Packages::     How to package multiple files.
+
 Starting Up Emacs
 
 * Startup Summary::         Sequence of actions Emacs performs at startup.
@@ -1490,6 +1498,8 @@
 @include display.texi
 @include os.texi
 
+@include package.texi
+
 @c MOVE to Emacs Manual:  include misc-modes.texi
 
 @c appendices

=== modified file 'doc/lispref/os.texi'
--- doc/lispref/os.texi	2010-07-10 18:52:53 +0000
+++ doc/lispref/os.texi	2010-07-30 00:05:24 +0000
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 @c   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
 @setfilename ../../info/os
-@node System Interface, Antinews, Display, Top
+@node System Interface, Packaging, Display, Top
 @chapter Operating System Interface
 
   This chapter is about starting and getting out of Emacs, access to

=== added file 'doc/lispref/package.texi'
--- doc/lispref/package.texi	1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000
+++ doc/lispref/package.texi	2010-08-21 18:35:39 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+@c -*-texinfo-*-
+@c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
+@c Copyright (C) 2010
+@c   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
+@setfilename ../../info/package
+@node Packaging, Antinews, System Interface, Top
+@chapter Preparing Lisp code for distribution
+@cindex packaging
+
+  Emacs provides a standard way for Emacs Lisp code to be distributed
+to users.  This approach lets users easily download, install,
+uninstall, and upgrade Lisp code that they might want to use.
+
+  A @dfn{package} is simply one or more files, formatted and bundled
+in a particular way.  Typically a package includes primarily Emacs
+Lisp code, but it is possible to create other kinds of packages as
+well.
+
+@menu
+* Packaging Basics::        The basic concepts of Emacs Lisp packages.
+* Simple Packages::         How to package a single .el file.
+* Multi-file Packages::     How to package multiple files.
+@end menu
+
+@node Packaging Basics
+@section Packaging Basics
+@cindex packaging basics
+
+  A package has a few attributes:
+@cindex package attributes
+
+@table @asis
+@item Name
+A string, the name of the package.  This attribute is mandatory.  If
+it does not exist, the package cannot be installed by the package
+manager.
+
+@item Version
+A version number, which is anything that can be parsed by
+@code{version-to-list}.  This attribute is mandatory.  If it does not
+exist, the package cannot be installed by the package manager.
+
+@item Brief description
+This is shown to the user in the package menu buffer.  It is just a
+single line.  On a terminal with 80 characters per line, there are
+only 36 characters available in the package menu mode for showing the
+brief description, so it is best to keep it very brief.  If no brief
+name is given, an empty string is used.
+
+@item Long description
+This can be a @file{README} file or the like.  This is available to
+the user before the package is installed, via the package menu.  It
+should more fully describe the package and its capabilities, so a user
+can read it to decide whether he wants to install the package.  This
+attribute is optional.
+
+@item Dependencies
+This is a list of other packages and their minimal acceptable
+versions.  This is used both at download time (to make sure all the
+needed code is available) and at activation time (to ensure a package
+is only activated if all its dependencies have been successfully
+activated).  This attribute is optional.
+
+@item Manual
+A package can optionally include an Info manual.
+@end table
+
+  Conceptually, a package goes through several state transitions (in
+reality some of these transitions are grouped together):
+
+@table @asis
+@item Download
+Fetch the package from somewhere.
+
+@item Install
+Unpack the package, or write a @file{.el} file into the appropriate
+install directory.  This step also includes extracting autoloads and
+byte-compiling the Emacs Lisp code.
+
+@item Activate
+Update @code{load-path} and @code{Info-directory-list} and evaluate
+the autoloads, so that the package is ready for the user to use.
+@end table
+
+  It is best for users if packages do not do too much work at
+activation time.  The best approach is to have activation consist of
+some autoloads and little more.
+
+@node Simple Packages
+@section Simple Packages
+@cindex single file packages
+
+  The simplest package consists of a single Emacs Lisp source file.
+In this case, all the attributes of the package (@pxref{Packaging
+Basics}) are taken from this file.
+
+  The package system expects this @file{.el} file to conform to the
+Emacs Lisp library header conventions.  @xref{Library Headers}.
+
+  The name of the package is the same as the base name of the
+@file{.el} file, as written in the first comment line.  For example,
+given the header line:
+
+@smallexample
+;;; superfrobnicator.el --- frobnicate and bifurcate flanges
+@end smallexample
+
+the package name will be @samp{superfrobnicator}.
+
+  The short description of the package is also taken from the first
+line of the file.
+
+  If the file has a ``Commentary'' header, then it is used as the long
+description.
+
+  The version of the package comes either from the ``Package-Version''
+header, if it exists, or from the ``Version'' header.  A package is
+required to have a version number.  Each release of a package must be
+accompanied by an increase in the version number.
+
+  If the file has a ``Package-Requires'' header, then that is used as
+the package dependencies.  Otherwise, the package is assumed not to
+have any dependencies.
+
+  A single-file package cannot have an Info manual.
+
+  The file will be scanned for autoload cookies at install time.
+@xref{Autoload}.
+
+@node Multi-file Packages
+@section Multi-file Packages
+@cindex multi-file packages
+
+  A multi-file package is just a @file{.tar} file.  While less
+convenient to create than a single-file package, a multi-file package
+also offers more features: it can include an Info manual, multiple
+Emacs Lisp files, and also other data files needed by a package.
+
+  The contents of the @file{.tar} file must all appear beneath a
+single directory, named after the package and version.  Files can
+appear in subdirectories of this top-most directory, but Emacs Lisp
+code will only be found (and thus byte-compiled) at the top-most
+level.  Also, the @file{.tar} file is typically also given this same
+name.  For example, if you are distributing version 1.3 of the
+superfrobnicator, the package file would be named
+``superfrobnicator-1.3.tar'' and the contents would all appear in the
+directory @file{superfrobnicator-1.3} in that @file{.tar}.
+
+  The package must include a @file{-pkg.el} file, named after the
+package.  In our example above, this file would be called
+@file{superfrobnicator-pkg.el}.  This file must have a single form in
+it, a call to @code{define-package}.  The package dependencies and
+brief description are taken from this form.
+
+@defun define-package name version &optional docstring requirements
+Define a package.  @var{name} is the name of the package, a string.
+@var{version} is the package's version, a string.  It must be in a
+form that can be understood by @code{version-to-list}.
+@var{docstring} is the short description of the package.
+@var{requirements} is a list of required packages and their versions.
+@end defun
+
+  If a @file{README} file exists in the content directory, then it is
+used as the long description.
+
+  If the package has an Info manual, you should distribute the needed
+info files, plus a @file{dir} file made with @command{install-info}.
+@xref{Invoking install-info, Invoking install-info, Invoking
+install-info, texinfo, Texinfo}.
+
+  Do not include any @file{.elc} files in the package.  Those will be
+created at install time.  Note that there is no way to control the
+order in which files are byte-compiled; your package must be robust
+here.
+
+  The installation process will scan all the @file{.el} files in the
+package for autoload cookies.  @xref{Autoload}.  They are extracted
+into a @file{-autoloads.el} file (e.g.,
+@file{superfrobnicator-autoloads.el}), so do not include a file of
+that name in your package.
+
+  Any other files in the @file{.tar} file are simply unpacked when the
+package is installed.  This can be useful if your package needs
+auxiliary data files --- e.g., icons or sounds.
+
+  Emacs Lisp code installed via the package manager must take special
+care to the location-independent.  One easy way to do this is to make
+references to auxiliary data files relative to @var{load-file-name}.

=== modified file 'doc/lispref/tips.texi'
--- doc/lispref/tips.texi	2010-06-23 03:36:56 +0000
+++ doc/lispref/tips.texi	2010-08-21 18:17:25 +0000
@@ -1052,6 +1052,31 @@
 This field is important; it's how people will find your package when
 they're looking for things by topic area.  To separate the keywords, you
 can use spaces, commas, or both.
+
+@item Package-Version
+If @samp{Version} is not suitable for use by the package manager, then
+a package can define @samp{Package-Version}; it will be used instead.
+This is handy if @samp{Version} is an RCS id or something else that
+cannot be parsed by @code{version-to-list}.  @xref{Packaging Basics}.
+
+@item Package-Requires
+If this exists, it names packages on which the current package depends
+for proper operation.  @xref{Packaging Basics}.  This is used by the
+package manager both at download time (to ensure that a complete set
+of packages is downloaded) and at activation time (to ensure that a
+package is activated if and only if all its dependencies have been).
+
+Its format is a list of lists.  The @code{car} of each sub-list is the
+name of a package, as a symbol.  The @code{cadr} of each sub-list is
+the minimum acceptable version number, as a string.  For instance:
+
+@smallexample
+;; Package-Requires: ((gnus "1.0") (bubbles "2.7.2"))
+@end smallexample
+
+The package code automatically defines a package named @samp{emacs}
+with the version number of the currently running Emacs.  This can be
+used to require a minimal version of Emacs for a package.
 @end table
 
   Just about every Lisp library ought to have the @samp{Author} and

=== modified file 'doc/lispref/vol1.texi'
--- doc/lispref/vol1.texi	2010-07-10 18:52:53 +0000
+++ doc/lispref/vol1.texi	2010-07-31 01:32:31 +0000
@@ -180,6 +180,8 @@
 * System Interface::        Getting the user id, system type, environment
                               variables, and other such things.
 
+* Packaging::               Preparing Lisp code for distribution.
+
 Appendices
 
 * Antinews::                Info for users downgrading to Emacs 22.
@@ -1415,6 +1417,12 @@
 * Session Management::      Saving and restoring state with
                               X Session Management.
 
+Preparing Lisp code for distribution
+
+* Packaging Basics::        The basic concepts of Emacs Lisp packages.
+* Simple Packages::         How to package a single .el file.
+* Multi-file Packages::     How to package multiple files.
+
 Starting Up Emacs
 
 * Startup Summary::         Sequence of actions Emacs performs at startup.

=== modified file 'doc/lispref/vol2.texi'
--- doc/lispref/vol2.texi	2010-07-10 18:52:53 +0000
+++ doc/lispref/vol2.texi	2010-07-31 01:32:50 +0000
@@ -179,6 +179,8 @@
 * System Interface::        Getting the user id, system type, environment
                               variables, and other such things.
 
+* Packaging::               Preparing Lisp code for distribution.
+
 Appendices
 
 * Antinews::                Info for users downgrading to Emacs 22.
@@ -1414,6 +1416,12 @@
 * Session Management::      Saving and restoring state with
                               X Session Management.
 
+Preparing Lisp code for distribution
+
+* Packaging Basics::        The basic concepts of Emacs Lisp packages.
+* Simple Packages::         How to package a single .el file.
+* Multi-file Packages::     How to package multiple files.
+
 Starting Up Emacs
 
 * Startup Summary::         Sequence of actions Emacs performs at startup.