I have been experiencing the same issue for the past few days.  Emacs compiled (to a nextstep application) from master on MacOS occasionally hangs while retrieving mail (headers) from an IMAP server in Gnus.  When this happens, I can get out of the hang once by sending it a TERM signal (kill $(pgrep Emacs)).  But if this happens a second time, this actually kills Emacs.  Here's an all-threads backtrace after running it under the debugger, waiting for Emacs to hang, and then interrupting the process in the debugger:

(lldb) thread list
Process 68250 stopped
* thread #1: tid = 0x1b50e0, 0x00007fff70d9681e libsystem_kernel.dylib`read + 10, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = signal SIGSTOP
  thread #4: tid = 0x1b51a3, 0x00007fff70d9c3d6 libsystem_kernel.dylib`poll + 10, name = 'gmain'
  thread #8: tid = 0x1b51b1, 0x00007fff70d9e0fe libsystem_kernel.dylib`__select + 10
  thread #11: tid = 0x1b51c4, 0x00007fff70d95dfa libsystem_kernel.dylib`mach_msg_trap + 10, name = 'com.apple.NSEventThread'
  thread #28: tid = 0x1b5a50, 0x00007fff70d974ce libsystem_kernel.dylib`__workq_kernreturn + 10
  thread #33: tid = 0x1b5a6d, 0x00007fff70d974ce libsystem_kernel.dylib`__workq_kernreturn + 10
(lldb) thread backtrace all
* thread #1, queue = 'com.apple.main-thread', stop reason = signal SIGSTOP
  * frame #0: 0x00007fff70d9681e libsystem_kernel.dylib`read + 10
    frame #1: 0x00000001000e1d5e Emacs`emacs_read [inlined] emacs_intr_read(fd=25, buf=0x00007ffeefbfd1bf, nbyte=1, interruptible=false) at sysdep.c:2486:16 [opt]
    frame #2: 0x00000001000e1d44 Emacs`emacs_read(fd=25, buf=0x00007ffeefbfd1bf, nbyte=1) at sysdep.c:2500 [opt]
    frame #3: 0x00000001001a0f66 Emacs`child_signal_read(fd=<unavailable>, data=<unavailable>) at process.c:7196:7 [opt]
    frame #4: 0x000000010019cd1e Emacs`wait_reading_process_output(time_limit=<unavailable>, nsecs=<unavailable>, read_kbd=<unavailable>, do_display=false, wait_for_cell=0x0000000000000000, wait_proc=<unavailable>, just_wait_proc=0) at process.c:5719:13 [opt]
    frame #5: 0x000000010019b5b9 Emacs`Faccept_process_output(process=0x0000000105ef1a95, seconds=0x000000010584b187, millisec=<unavailable>, just_this_one=<unavailable>) at process.c:4790:7 [opt]
    frame #6: 0x000000010014eea1 Emacs`funcall_subr(subr=0x0000000100271f28, numargs=2, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:2990:19 [opt]
    frame #7: 0x000000010014e491 Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:2909:11 [opt]
    frame #8: 0x00000001001937b2 Emacs`exec_byte_code(bytestr=0x000000010ddb8cc4, vector=0x00000001064de805, maxdepth=<unavailable>, args_template=<unavailable>, nargs=0, args=<unavailable>) at bytecode.c:632:12 [opt]
    frame #9: 0x000000010014f2ba Emacs`funcall_lambda [inlined] fetch_and_exec_byte_code(fun=<unavailable>, syms_left=0x0000000000000000, nargs=0, args=0x0000000000000000) at eval.c:3031:10 [opt]
    frame #10: 0x000000010014f28e Emacs`funcall_lambda(fun=0x00000001064de3d5, nargs=1, arg_vector=0x00007ffeefbfd8e0) at eval.c:3181 [opt]
    frame #11: 0x000000010014e42f Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:0:4 [opt]
    frame #12: 0x00000001001937b2 Emacs`exec_byte_code(bytestr=0x0000000158641c54, vector=0x0000000107a8091d, maxdepth=<unavailable>, args_template=<unavailable>, nargs=0, args=<unavailable>) at bytecode.c:632:12 [opt]
    frame #13: 0x000000010014f2ba Emacs`funcall_lambda [inlined] fetch_and_exec_byte_code(fun=<unavailable>, syms_left=0x0000000000000000, nargs=0, args=0x0000000000000000) at eval.c:3031:10 [opt]
    frame #14: 0x000000010014f28e Emacs`funcall_lambda(fun=0x0000000107a80a55, nargs=1, arg_vector=0x00007ffeefbfdb80) at eval.c:3181 [opt]
    frame #15: 0x000000010014e42f Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:0:4 [opt]
    frame #16: 0x00000001001937b2 Emacs`exec_byte_code(bytestr=0x0000000158641b64, vector=0x000000010342e7dd, maxdepth=<unavailable>, args_template=<unavailable>, nargs=0, args=<unavailable>) at bytecode.c:632:12 [opt]
    frame #17: 0x000000010014f2ba Emacs`funcall_lambda [inlined] fetch_and_exec_byte_code(fun=<unavailable>, syms_left=0x0000000000000000, nargs=0, args=0x0000000000000000) at eval.c:3031:10 [opt]
    frame #18: 0x000000010014f28e Emacs`funcall_lambda(fun=0x0000000107a8012d, nargs=1, arg_vector=0x00007ffeefbfdd00) at eval.c:3181 [opt]
    frame #19: 0x000000010014e42f Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:0:4 [opt]
    frame #20: 0x00000001001937b2 Emacs`exec_byte_code(bytestr=0x0000000158641aa4, vector=0x0000000107a8007d, maxdepth=<unavailable>, args_template=<unavailable>, nargs=0, args=<unavailable>) at bytecode.c:632:12 [opt]
    frame #21: 0x000000010014f2ba Emacs`funcall_lambda [inlined] fetch_and_exec_byte_code(fun=<unavailable>, syms_left=0x0000000000000000, nargs=0, args=0x0000000000000000) at eval.c:3031:10 [opt]
    frame #22: 0x000000010014f28e Emacs`funcall_lambda(fun=0x0000000107a80105, nargs=1, arg_vector=0x00007ffeefbfded0) at eval.c:3181 [opt]
    frame #23: 0x000000010014e42f Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:0:4 [opt]
    frame #24: 0x00000001001937b2 Emacs`exec_byte_code(bytestr=0x000000015863f874, vector=0x0000000107a70e2d, maxdepth=<unavailable>, args_template=<unavailable>, nargs=0, args=<unavailable>) at bytecode.c:632:12 [opt]
    frame #25: 0x000000010014f2ba Emacs`funcall_lambda [inlined] fetch_and_exec_byte_code(fun=<unavailable>, syms_left=0x0000000000000000, nargs=0, args=0x0000000000000000) at eval.c:3031:10 [opt]
    frame #26: 0x000000010014f28e Emacs`funcall_lambda(fun=0x0000000107a70e7d, nargs=2, arg_vector=0x00007ffeefbfe070) at eval.c:3181 [opt]
    frame #27: 0x000000010014e42f Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:0:4 [opt]
    frame #28: 0x00000001001937b2 Emacs`exec_byte_code(bytestr=0x0000000105219df4, vector=0x000000015903059d, maxdepth=<unavailable>, args_template=<unavailable>, nargs=0, args=<unavailable>) at bytecode.c:632:12 [opt]
    frame #29: 0x000000010014f2ba Emacs`funcall_lambda [inlined] fetch_and_exec_byte_code(fun=<unavailable>, syms_left=0x0000000000000000, nargs=0, args=0x0000000000000000) at eval.c:3031:10 [opt]
    frame #30: 0x000000010014f28e Emacs`funcall_lambda(fun=0x00000001067fb845, nargs=1, arg_vector=0x00007ffeefbfe7b0) at eval.c:3181 [opt]
    frame #31: 0x000000010014e42f Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:0:4 [opt]
    frame #32: 0x00000001001937b2 Emacs`exec_byte_code(bytestr=0x0000000102f23484, vector=0x000000010380cf95, maxdepth=<unavailable>, args_template=<unavailable>, nargs=0, args=<unavailable>) at bytecode.c:632:12 [opt]
    frame #33: 0x000000010014e42f Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:0:4 [opt]
    frame #34: 0x0000000100147699 Emacs`Ffuncall_interactively(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at callint.c:253:32 [opt]
    frame #35: 0x000000010014e491 Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:2909:11 [opt]
    frame #36: 0x0000000100147b7d Emacs`Fcall_interactively(function=0x00000000072787f0, record_flag=0x0000000000000000, keys=0x00000001062b65c5) at callint.c:346:36 [opt]
    frame #37: 0x000000010014eed1 Emacs`funcall_subr(subr=0x000000010026e9e8, numargs=3, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:2987:19 [opt]
    frame #38: 0x000000010014e491 Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:2909:11 [opt]
    frame #39: 0x00000001001937b2 Emacs`exec_byte_code(bytestr=0x00000001042672bc, vector=0x0000000104266add, maxdepth=<unavailable>, args_template=<unavailable>, nargs=1, args=<unavailable>) at bytecode.c:632:12 [opt]
    frame #40: 0x000000010014e42f Emacs`Ffuncall(nargs=<unavailable>, args=<unavailable>) at eval.c:0:4 [opt]
    frame #41: 0x000000010014eb0c Emacs`call1(fn=<unavailable>, arg1=<unavailable>) at eval.c:2769:10 [opt]
    frame #42: 0x00000001000c724e Emacs`command_loop_1 at keyboard.c:1466:13 [opt]
    frame #43: 0x000000010014c8a7 Emacs`internal_condition_case(bfun=(Emacs`command_loop_1 at keyboard.c:1239), handlers=0x0000000000000090, hfun=(Emacs`cmd_error at keyboard.c:922)) at eval.c:1441:25 [opt]
    frame #44: 0x00000001000d6e70 Emacs`command_loop_2(ignore=<unavailable>) at keyboard.c:1094:11 [opt]
    frame #45: 0x000000010014c082 Emacs`internal_catch(tag=0x000000000000cae0, func=<unavailable>, arg=<unavailable>) at eval.c:1185:25 [opt]
    frame #46: 0x0000000100212885 Emacs`command_loop.cold.1 + 69
    frame #47: 0x00000001000c60a3 Emacs`command_loop at keyboard.c:1070:5 [opt]
    frame #48: 0x00000001000c5fd3 Emacs`recursive_edit_1 at keyboard.c:720:9 [opt]
    frame #49: 0x00000001000c622b Emacs`Frecursive_edit at keyboard.c:789:3 [opt]
    frame #50: 0x00000001000c4dbc Emacs`main(argc=<unavailable>, argv=0x00007ffeefbff358) at emacs.c:2049:3 [opt]
    frame #51: 0x00007fff70c54cc9 libdyld.dylib`start + 1
    frame #52: 0x00007fff70c54cc9 libdyld.dylib`start + 1
  thread #4, name = 'gmain'
    frame #0: 0x00007fff70d9c3d6 libsystem_kernel.dylib`poll + 10
    frame #1: 0x0000000102011fc1 libglib-2.0.0.dylib`g_main_context_iterate + 433
    frame #2: 0x00000001020120c6 libglib-2.0.0.dylib`g_main_context_iteration + 102
    frame #3: 0x00000001020140e1 libglib-2.0.0.dylib`glib_worker_main + 33
    frame #4: 0x000000010203ec32 libglib-2.0.0.dylib`g_thread_proxy + 66
    frame #5: 0x00007fff70e59109 libsystem_pthread.dylib`_pthread_start + 148
    frame #6: 0x00007fff70e54b8b libsystem_pthread.dylib`thread_start + 15
  thread #8
    frame #0: 0x00007fff70d9e0fe libsystem_kernel.dylib`__select + 10
    frame #1: 0x00000001001da3ef Emacs`-[EmacsApp fd_handler:](self=<unavailable>, _cmd=<unavailable>, unused=<unavailable>) at nsterm.m:6156:20 [opt]
    frame #2: 0x00007fff392367b2 Foundation`__NSThread__start__ + 1064
    frame #3: 0x00007fff70e59109 libsystem_pthread.dylib`_pthread_start + 148
    frame #4: 0x00007fff70e54b8b libsystem_pthread.dylib`thread_start + 15
  thread #11, name = 'com.apple.NSEventThread'
    frame #0: 0x00007fff70d95dfa libsystem_kernel.dylib`mach_msg_trap + 10
    frame #1: 0x00007fff70d96170 libsystem_kernel.dylib`mach_msg + 60
    frame #2: 0x00007fff36ba4ef5 CoreFoundation`__CFRunLoopServiceMachPort + 247
    frame #3: 0x00007fff36ba39c2 CoreFoundation`__CFRunLoopRun + 1319
    frame #4: 0x00007fff36ba2e3e CoreFoundation`CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 462
    frame #5: 0x00007fff33fb6954 AppKit`_NSEventThread + 132
    frame #6: 0x00007fff70e59109 libsystem_pthread.dylib`_pthread_start + 148
    frame #7: 0x00007fff70e54b8b libsystem_pthread.dylib`thread_start + 15
  thread #28
    frame #0: 0x00007fff70e54b68 libsystem_pthread.dylib`start_wqthread
  thread #33
    frame #0: 0x00007fff70d974ce libsystem_kernel.dylib`__workq_kernreturn + 10
    frame #1: 0x00007fff70e55aa1 libsystem_pthread.dylib`_pthread_wqthread + 390
    frame #2: 0x00007fff70e54b77 libsystem_pthread.dylib`start_wqthread + 15
(lldb) 

emacs-repository-version is 8f4b3b812aab62a5a205bc2f8690c3b4c460ba09
-- 
Simon.