Last 2 days I played, and I wrote a toy sed (stream-editor). I did use and learn sed, and to convince myself if I understood it, I wanted to write an own sed. My purpose was to write the machine that makes the computations, and not to write a complete sed. Its parser that generates tokens for example does not jump over the spaces. It's just a toy sed. The machine generates the internal structure that can be used by a virtual machine to render every sed command. I did not write neither the virtual machine (I wrote just a little sketch for a vm, and a sketch of lazy-evaluator of the special forms of conditional and non conditional branch "s label" and "t label"), and neither the action functions, that should be called by this machine via apply. I wrote only the kernel of sed. For me it became clear, and I do not want any more to work on. The virtual machine that evaluates the data structure that I generated can be written to use Emacs internal buffers or elisp strings, instead of files, as the GNU/sed does. The data structure I generated can also be used quite directly to generate the precise indentation of sed scripts, without defining the *action functions for every command, using the same logic I used when I wrote the indentation of lisp code ( ignored! ): http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.devel/100252. I attach the backus-naur form I wrote last days. In order to understand the code, you have to look in the same time to bn-form. I wrote a major mode called "backus naur mode" to browse the backus-naur forms. The most difficult part of the implementation was to generate the graph with the mutual recursive function Command and Command_block. This is why I used artist-mode to draw a picture of the data structures, starting from atomic expressions of sed, upto the creation of the branches of Blocks. I attach the implementation of sed, and the grammar of sed in bn-form, and a file bn-mode.el , in order for those of you who are interested to be able to browse the grammar. I posted the bn-mode long time ago, but the post was ignored. Do you consider, an internal stream editor would be good for emacs? Alin