Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Juan Manuel Macías]

I normally use the greek-ibycus4 input method. It is quite comfortable
and uses the beta code system to write polytonic Greek:

(describe-input-method 'greek-ibycus4)

BTW, in case it's useful to anyone, I wrote this abbrev table a while
ago to introduce diacritics in prepositions, articles, adverbs and other
particles:

https://gitlab.com/-/snippets/1877446

Best regards,

Juan Manuel 

-- 
Juan Manuel Macías 

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Richard Stallman]

[[[ To any NSA and FBI agents reading my email: please consider    ]]]
[[[ whether defending the US Constitution against all enemies,     ]]]
[[[ foreign or domestic, requires you to follow Snowden's example. ]]]

  > I normally use the greek-ibycus4 input method.

That name is rather cryptic.  Would it be beneficial to rename it to
greek-classical-betacode?

  > BTW, in case it's useful to anyone, I wrote this abbrev table a while
  > ago to introduce diacritics in prepositions, articles, adverbs and other
  > particles:

  > https://gitlab.com/-/snippets/1877446

Thanks for not using github!  But gitlab has grave flaws too -- see
https://www.gnu.org/software/repo-criteria-evaluation.html.  There are
better sites llsted there too.

Should that package be included in Emacs?  Perhaps selected
automatically by default by the input methods for classical Greek?  If
that change is not inconvenient, it could be worth doing to simplify
the interface users need to learn.

-- 
Dr Richard Stallman (https://stallman.org)
Chief GNUisance of the GNU Project (https://gnu.org)
Founder, Free Software Foundation (https://fsf.org)
Internet Hall-of-Famer (https://internethalloffame.org)

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.org> writes:

> [[[ To any NSA and FBI agents reading my email: please consider    ]]]
> [[[ whether defending the US Constitution against all enemies,     ]]]
> [[[ foreign or domestic, requires you to follow Snowden's example. ]]]
>
>   > I normally use the greek-ibycus4 input method.
>
> That name is rather cryptic.  Would it be beneficial to rename it to
> greek-classical-betacode?
>

I'm not sure renaming a current input methods would be beneficial.  I've
been taking a closer look to Unicode & how Unicode Greek Extended[1] should be
implemented in Emacs.

Greek polytonic support has the addition of 96 Upper case glyphs:

   ἈἉἊἋἌἍἎἏᾺΆᾸᾹᾼᾈᾉᾊᾋᾌᾍᾎᾏ
   ἘἙἚἛἜἝῈΈ
   ἨἩἪἫἬἭἮἯῊΉῌᾘᾙᾚᾛᾜᾝᾞᾟ
   ἸἹἺἻἼἽἾἿῚΊῘῙ
   ὈὉὊὋὌὍῸΌ
   Ῥ
   ὙὛὝὟῪΎῨῩ
   ὨὩὪὫὬὭὮὯῺΏῼᾨᾩᾪᾫᾬᾭᾮᾯ

and 121 lower case:

   ἀἁἂἃἄἅἆἇὰάᾰᾱᾶᾳᾲᾴᾀᾁᾂᾃᾄᾅᾆᾇᾷ
   ἐἑἒἓἔἕὲέ
   ἠἡἢἣἤἥἦἧὴήῆῃῂῄᾐᾑᾒᾓᾔᾕᾖᾗῇ
   ἰἱἲἳἴἵἶἷὶίῐῑῖῒΐῗ
   ὀὁὂὃὄὅὸό
   ῥῤ
   ὑὓὕὗὺύῠῡὐὒὔὖῦῢΰῧ
   ὠὡὢὣὤὥὦὧὼώῶῳῲῴᾠᾡᾢᾣᾤᾥᾦᾧῷ

A greek-polytonic input method should also adjust for having diacritic
combinations, such as for ῝ (U+1FDD).

Additionally, I do not think it's proper to call it Classical Greek,
since it's the same script used by the current "greek" input method,
just with the addition of extra diacritics (many "tonous", polytonic).

I'm currently working on a greek-polytonic input method
  <https://git.thanosapollo.org/greek-polytonic.el/tree/greek-polytonic.el>

It's not finished, I'm not working full time on this for I'm under a
university exam period.  I'm digitizing a couple of older Greek
manuscripts & books that I have using this input method, when I've added
complete support for Greek Extended unicode characters & I find the
keybindings to be feeling "natural" for touch typing I will be
submitting it for inclusion in greek.el as a new input method.


[...]
> Should that package be included in Emacs?  Perhaps selected
> automatically by default by the input methods for classical Greek?  If
> that change is not inconvenient, it could be worth doing to simplify
> the interface users need to learn.
>

I'm not sure if including abbrevs for Greek could be done properly.
Greek vocabulary is rather extensive and one might end up with a file
with 1.000.000+ lines of abbrevs, due to Greek extensive grammatical
cases & vocabulary.

Instead I was thinking of making a "greek-extras" package, which will
include improved support for searching Greek, such as to match all
versions of "ε" with versions that include diacritics (έ ὲ ἔ etc) when
doing isearch-forward etc & to automatically add diacritics to any Greek
text.

Greek diacritics are not random, they follow a specific set of rules,
one could code a greek-polytonic-buffer to just scan every word
in a buffer & replace the wrong glyphs with the proper ones with
diacritics, depending on how the word is structured.


[1] https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1F00.pdf
-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Robert Pluim]

>>>>> On Wed, 09 Oct 2024 08:41:43 +0300, Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org> said:

    Thanos> Instead I was thinking of making a "greek-extras" package, which will
    Thanos> include improved support for searching Greek, such as to match all
    Thanos> versions of "ε" with versions that include diacritics (έ ὲ ἔ etc) when
    Thanos> doing isearch-forward etc & to automatically add diacritics to any Greek
    Thanos> text.

The first one already exists: see `search-default-mode' and
`char-fold-to-regexp', and "M-s '" (inside isearch).

Robert
-- 

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Robert Pluim <rpluim@gmail.com> writes:

[...]
>
> The first one already exists: see `search-default-mode' and
> `char-fold-to-regexp', and "M-s '" (inside isearch).
>

Perfect!  Thanks Robert.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Juan Manuel Macías]

Thanos Apollo writes:

> Greek polytonic support has the addition of 96 Upper case glyphs:
>
>    ἈἉἊἋἌἍἎἏᾺΆᾸᾹᾼᾈᾉᾊᾋᾌᾍᾎᾏ
>    ἘἙἚἛἜἝῈΈ
>    ἨἩἪἫἬἭἮἯῊΉῌᾘᾙᾚᾛᾜᾝᾞᾟ
>    ἸἹἺἻἼἽἾἿῚΊῘῙ
>    ὈὉὊὋὌὍῸΌ
>    Ῥ
>    ὙὛὝὟῪΎῨῩ
>    ὨὩὪὫὬὭὮὯῺΏῼᾨᾩᾪᾫᾬᾭᾮᾯ
>
> and 121 lower case:
>
>    ἀἁἂἃἄἅἆἇὰάᾰᾱᾶᾳᾲᾴᾀᾁᾂᾃᾄᾅᾆᾇᾷ
>    ἐἑἒἓἔἕὲέ
>    ἠἡἢἣἤἥἦἧὴήῆῃῂῄᾐᾑᾒᾓᾔᾕᾖᾗῇ
>    ἰἱἲἳἴἵἶἷὶίῐῑῖῒΐῗ
>    ὀὁὂὃὄὅὸό
>    ῥῤ
>    ὑὓὕὗὺύῠῡὐὒὔὖῦῢΰῧ
>    ὠὡὢὣὤὥὦὧὼώῶῳῲῴᾠᾡᾢᾣᾤᾥᾦᾧῷ



> A greek-polytonic input method should also adjust for having diacritic
> combinations, such as for ῝ (U+1FDD).

All of these characters can be obtained with the greek-ibycus4 input
method, which I mentioned. The advantage is that it comes out of the box
in Emacs. For example:

ᾆ   <   a)=|

῝   <   (`

Also, this input method uses the ‘oxia’ accent, not the ‘tonos’,
which is correct. It is common for both accents to be confused, since
graphically they are usually identical, although not always. Some fonts
have different glyphs for tonos and oxia, the former somewhat more
vertical. I agree with Yannis Haralambous [vid. Haralambous, Y. (1998).
From unicode to typography, a case study: the greek script. In
Fourteenth International Unicode Conference], when he says that this
confusion comes from a Unicode inconsistency, fictitiously
distinguishing between tonos and oxia. What the monotonic reform did was
eliminate accents, not create a new accent (tonos).

> Additionally, I do not think it's proper to call it Classical Greek,
> since it's the same script used by the current "greek" input method,
> just with the addition of extra diacritics (many "tonous", polytonic).

Indeed, Classical Greek and polytonic ‘modern’ Greek (before monotonic
reform) use the same polytonic system. The correct thing would be, from
a purely graphic point of view, ‘polytonic’. However, I agree with RMS
that "ibycus4" sounds quite cryptic and should be renamed, maybe
polytonic-greek?

Best regards,

Juan Manuel

--
Juan Manuel Macías -- Composición tipográfica, tratamiento de datos, diseño editorial y ortotipografía

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Juan Manuel Macías <maciaschain@posteo.net> writes:


[...]
>
> All of these characters can be obtained with the greek-ibycus4 input
> method, which I mentioned. The advantage is that it comes out of the box
> in Emacs. For example:

Not true, there are missing glyphs such as with macros & vrachy, e.g Ᾰ Ᾱ
Ῠ Ῡ.  Issues with greek-ibycus4 include:

- Having "K+" translating into "Ϟ" (koppa, an archaic Greek letter) and
  other similar keybindings, just try to imagine writing chemistry using
  greek-ibycus4.
  
- Not including binds for keys such as "J", there is no J letter in
  Greek or Coptic.

- Not following the standard keybindings for greek letters found in
  Greek keyboards.

Not including macros & vrachy letters would be acceptable if it did not
try to include archaic Greek & Coptic letters.  This is not a greek
polytonic input method for it can't be used for daily workloads, this is
a niche greek-like input method.

Schools & some newspapers in Greece still use polytonic, we can't expect
users who type Greek daily to switch to greek-ibycus4.  =greek-polytonic
input method should follow the standard greek qwerty keyboard, which is
already implemented in "greek", just without the extra diacritics.

[...]

> What the monotonic reform did was eliminate accents, not create a new
> accent (tonos).

Oxia is a tonos, just like varia and perispomeni.  Greek Unicode also
includes Coptic, which is Egyptian with Greek letters (currently used by
the Coptic Church) as well as "calligraphy", ligature & archaic letters.
A greek input method should only include the 24 letters of the Greek
alphabet & prefer the oxia from Greek Extended over the "tonos" of
that is included in Unicode "Greek and Coptic" (Range: 0370–03FF).

>
>> Additionally, I do not think it's proper to call it Classical Greek,
>> since it's the same script used by the current "greek" input method,
>> just with the addition of extra diacritics (many "tonous", polytonic).

[...]

>  However, I agree with RMS that "ibycus4" sounds quite cryptic and
> should be renamed, maybe polytonic-greek?

No, ibycus4 cannot be used as a greek polytonic method nor do I think it
tries to do that.

When GNU Emacs started Greek "polytonic" was the official language.
Polytonic might be the official system once more in Greece, that's why
we should implement it correctly.

I've already replaced "greek" with my implementations and it's almost
1:1 compatible, just haven't added all the Greek Extended characters as
I'm still testing the keybindings.  Feel free to try it out and share
your thoughts.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: rms@gnu.org, emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Wed, 09 Oct 2024 22:08:17 +0300
> 
> > All of these characters can be obtained with the greek-ibycus4 input
> > method, which I mentioned. The advantage is that it comes out of the box
> > in Emacs. For example:
> 
> Not true, there are missing glyphs such as with macros & vrachy, e.g Ᾰ Ᾱ
> Ῠ Ῡ.  Issues with greek-ibycus4 include:
> 
> - Having "K+" translating into "Ϟ" (koppa, an archaic Greek letter) and
>   other similar keybindings, just try to imagine writing chemistry using
>   greek-ibycus4.
>   
> - Not including binds for keys such as "J", there is no J letter in
>   Greek or Coptic.
> 
> - Not following the standard keybindings for greek letters found in
>   Greek keyboards.

Our input methods are not carved in stone, so if you think some
sequences are missing, feel free to submit patches that add them.
There's no reason to complain about stuff we can easily fix, right?

> > What the monotonic reform did was eliminate accents, not create a new
> > accent (tonos).
> 
> Oxia is a tonos, just like varia and perispomeni.  Greek Unicode also
> includes Coptic, which is Egyptian with Greek letters (currently used by
> the Coptic Church) as well as "calligraphy", ligature & archaic letters.
> A greek input method should only include the 24 letters of the Greek
> alphabet & prefer the oxia from Greek Extended over the "tonos" of
> that is included in Unicode "Greek and Coptic" (Range: 0370–03FF).

It could make sense to have a separate Coptic input method.  The fact
that Greek and Coptic use the same script doesn't mean a single input
method must support both.  Emacs input methods are specific to
languages, not to scripts (i.e. Unicode blocks).

> When GNU Emacs started Greek "polytonic" was the official language.

AFAIK, Greek monotonic was make official around 1984, which is way
before Emacs started supporting multiple languages (about 12 years
later) and input methods.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:


[...]
>
> Our input methods are not carved in stone, so if you think some
> sequences are missing, feel free to submit patches that add them.
> There's no reason to complain about stuff we can easily fix, right?
>

I appreciate all the work it's done with Emacs & the support it
provides.  Do not see this is as complaning, but as "why this is not a
greek-polytonic input method" instead of the word "issues" that I used.

[...]
>
> It could make sense to have a separate Coptic input method.  The fact
> that Greek and Coptic use the same script doesn't mean a single input
> method must support both.  Emacs input methods are specific to
> languages, not to scripts (i.e. Unicode blocks).

Some input methods want to support a mix of both with the addition of
latin characters, others also include japanese characters.  There is
nothing wrong with that, I'm just stating why they should not be
regarded as greek-polytonic.

Most input methods in greek.el except "greek" do not really want to be
Greek but a mixture of different things + Greek to support their authors
use case.  There is no need to change them since they serve their
purpose just fine.

>
>> When GNU Emacs started Greek "polytonic" was the official language.
>
> AFAIK, Greek monotonic was make official around 1984, which is way
> before Emacs started supporting multiple languages (about 12 years
> later) and input methods.

I was born in the 2000s, Emacs is twice my age.  What I meant is within
the Emacs existence the official greek was polytonic & should not be
viewed as an "exotic" input method, but instead similarly to "greek",
since there are people who use it on their day jobs.

polytonic-greek might be the "greek" in the future, that's why we need a
new input method that's compatible with the current "greek".  This way
there won't be complaining if that ever happens.

I'm just trying to help, if I didn't I wouldn't spent any time trying to
explain the current issues & trying to provide solutions.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: maciaschain@posteo.net, rms@gnu.org, emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Wed, 09 Oct 2024 23:03:21 +0300
> 
> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
> 
> > It could make sense to have a separate Coptic input method.  The fact
> > that Greek and Coptic use the same script doesn't mean a single input
> > method must support both.  Emacs input methods are specific to
> > languages, not to scripts (i.e. Unicode blocks).
> 
> Some input methods want to support a mix of both with the addition of
> latin characters, others also include japanese characters.  There is
> nothing wrong with that, I'm just stating why they should not be
> regarded as greek-polytonic.
> 
> Most input methods in greek.el except "greek" do not really want to be
> Greek but a mixture of different things + Greek to support their authors
> use case.  There is no need to change them since they serve their
> purpose just fine.

I proposed to consider having a separate input method for Coptic
because I understood your comments about that as meaning that having
both Coptic and Greek in the same input method causes technical
difficulties that might be hard to resolve.  If there's no problem
having both languages supported by a single input method, there's no
problem to do that, either.  We already have similar multi-lingual
support in input methods like latin-*.

> I'm just trying to help, if I didn't I wouldn't spent any time trying to
> explain the current issues & trying to provide solutions.

Your comments and help are very much appreciated, thank you.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:

[...]
> I proposed to consider having a separate input method for Coptic
> because I understood your comments about that as meaning that having
> both Coptic and Greek in the same input method causes technical
> difficulties that might be hard to resolve.  If there's no problem
> having both languages supported by a single input method, there's no
> problem to do that, either.  We already have similar multi-lingual
> support in input methods like latin-*.
>

Oh my bad.  There is already a separate Coptic input method.  It causes
technical difficulties if someone wants to write only Greek using
polytonic or monotonic, but I do not think that's what those input
methods are meant for.

A Greek Polytonic keyboard for Emacs would look like this:

·~: 1!  2@  3#  4$  5%  6^  7&  8*  9(  0)  -_  =+  
   `῾  ῀ι  εΕ  ρΡ  τΤ  υΥ  θΘ  ιΙ  οΟ  πΠ  [{  ]}
    αΑ  σΣ  δΔ  φΦ  γΓ  ηΗ  ξΞ  κΚ  λΛ  ΄᾿  ’¨  \|
     ζΖ  χΧ  ψΨ  ωΩ  βΒ  νΝ  μΜ  ,<  .>  /;

The current Greek (monotonic) input method in Emacs is this:

`~ 1!  2@  3#  4$  5%  6^  7&  8*  9(  0)  -_  =+  
   ;:  ςΣ  εΕ  ρΡ  τΤ  υΥ  θΘ  ιΙ  οΟ  πΠ  [{  ]}
    αΑ  σΣ  δΔ  φΦ  γΓ  ηΗ  ξΞ  κΚ  λΛ  ΄¨  '"  \|
     ζΖ  χΧ  ψΨ  ωΩ  βΒ  νΝ  μΜ  ,<  .>  /?

This way users accustomed to Greek keyboards will feel right at home &
one can write Greek monotonic using the polytonic keyboard with no
issue.  Some might not even notice the difference, since this is similar
to how iPad's digital keyboards deal with Greek.

When adding a new Greek input method, I'd recommend not deviating too
far off of the current "greek" input method.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Juan Manuel Macías]

Thanos Apollo writes:

> Juan Manuel Macías <maciaschain@posteo.net> writes:
>
>
> [...]
>>
>> All of these characters can be obtained with the greek-ibycus4 input
>> method, which I mentioned. The advantage is that it comes out of the box
>> in Emacs. For example:
>
> Not true, there are missing glyphs such as with macros & vrachy, e.g Ᾰ Ᾱ
> Ῠ Ῡ.  Issues with greek-ibycus4 include:
>
> - Having "K+" translating into "Ϟ" (koppa, an archaic Greek letter) and
>   other similar keybindings, just try to imagine writing chemistry using
>   greek-ibycus4.
>
> - Not including binds for keys such as "J", there is no J letter in
>   Greek or Coptic.
>
> - Not following the standard keybindings for greek letters found in
>   Greek keyboards.
>
> Not including macros & vrachy letters would be acceptable if it did not
> try to include archaic Greek & Coptic letters.  This is not a greek
> polytonic input method for it can't be used for daily workloads, this is
> a niche greek-like input method.
>
> Schools & some newspapers in Greece still use polytonic, we can't expect
> users who type Greek daily to switch to greek-ibycus4.  =greek-polytonic
> input method should follow the standard greek qwerty keyboard, which is
> already implemented in "greek", just without the extra diacritics.

Different users may have different requirements for writing polytonic
Greek. Even inside and outside of Greece. As far as I know (I could be
wrong), ibycus4 is based on beta code, with some quirks. beta code is a
system for transliterating classical Greek into ASCII, very popular
among classicists. For a classical philologist (I am a classical
philologist) it may be more than enough. For those who dedicate
themselves to epigraphy, papyrology or linguistics, it probably won't be
enough. What I mean is that with ibycus4 anyone, with the necessary
patience, could write all the tragedies of Aeschylus in GNU Emacs. Which
makes it a legitimate input method for writing polytonic Greek.

Of course, I don't see why different input methods can't coexist for
different requirements in polytonic Greek.

> I've already replaced "greek" with my implementations and it's almost
> 1:1 compatible, just haven't added all the Greek Extended characters as
> I'm still testing the keybindings.  Feel free to try it out and share
> your thoughts.

Thanks, I will do it.

Best regards,

Juan Manuel

--
Juan Manuel Macías -- Composición tipográfica, tratamiento de datos, diseño editorial y ortotipografía

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Juan Manuel Macías <maciaschain@posteo.net> writes:


[...]

[...]

> For a classical philologist (I am a classical philologist)

That's interesting, if possible I'd appreciate you providing some input

- Do you use archaic Greek letters, such as digamma or koppa?  Is this
  essential to your workflow?

- Do you use ligature letters, such as stigma?  Is this essential to
  your workflow?  

- What are the reasons you prefer greek-ibycus4 over greek-babel (except
  beta code).

> more than enough. For those who dedicate themselves to epigraphy,
> papyrology or linguistics, it probably won't be enough. What I mean is
> that with ibycus4 anyone, with the necessary patience, could write all
> the tragedies of Aeschylus in GNU Emacs. Which makes it a legitimate
> input method for writing polytonic Greek.

I cannot speak for papyrologist or hardcore linguists.  I just want to
be able to write my mother tongue & do my work in Emacs, similarly to
how I did in proprietary software, either that's writing the Gospels,
replying to an email or chatting in IRC.

You can type English texts using a Spanish dvorak keyboard, but I
wouldn't call that keyboard as an English keyboard.  It has extra
letters that are not part of the English alphabet & the keys are not
what your average user expects.

A greek-polytonic input method should be 1:1 compatible with greek (same
keys for letters & oxia), just with the addition of extra tonous,
pneumata & ypogegrammeni.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Juan Manuel Macías]

Thanos Apollo writes:

> Juan Manuel Macías <maciaschain@posteo.net> writes:
>
>
> [...]
>
> [...]
>
>> For a classical philologist (I am a classical philologist)
>
> That's interesting, if possible I'd appreciate you providing some input
>
> - Do you use archaic Greek letters, such as digamma or koppa?  Is this
>   essential to your workflow?
>
> - Do you use ligature letters, such as stigma?  Is this essential to
>   your workflow?

I will answer these two questions in general terms, because everything
depends on each person's field of study (in addition, now I am not
dedicated to active philology, but rather to editorial production and
translation). Some archaic letters are necessary in certain texts. To
give a simple example, Sappho's poems are edited with the digamma to
note the sound of the semivowel /w/, a sound present in the Lesbian
dialect. In editions of papyracean fragments, the lunate sigma is used,
since many times it cannot be determined whether a sigma is in the
middle or final position. Etc. But If you study Aristotle (for example)
you will not need to use those characters in your workflow.

> - What are the reasons you prefer greek-ibycus4 over greek-babel (except
>   beta code).

I answer this question below.

>> more than enough. For those who dedicate themselves to epigraphy,
>> papyrology or linguistics, it probably won't be enough. What I mean is
>> that with ibycus4 anyone, with the necessary patience, could write all
>> the tragedies of Aeschylus in GNU Emacs. Which makes it a legitimate
>> input method for writing polytonic Greek.
>
> I cannot speak for papyrologist or hardcore linguists.  I just want to
> be able to write my mother tongue & do my work in Emacs, similarly to
> how I did in proprietary software, either that's writing the Gospels,
> replying to an email or chatting in IRC.
>

If I have not misunderstood (correct me if I am wrong) your proposal is
focused on the native Greek speaker. Of course, an input method of these
characteristics would be enriching, taking into account that there seems
to be certain divergences in how Greek is typed in Greece or outside of
Greece (especially among classicists). In my case, I prefer ibycus4
because it has a key combination that I am used to. I find it
comfortable. But it doesn't have to be comfortable for a native speaker.
Touch typing issues also influence. I, as a native Spanish speaker,
would find it shocking if the ‘ñ’ letter were in another position. For
those of us who are used to beta code (which was developed by someone
who is not a native Greek speaker), ibycus4 is probably the closest. But
beta code may be as alien for others users as a ‘misplaced’ Spanish
keyboard for me. I don't know if these ideas can serve to guide the
discussion...

Best regards,

Juan Manuel

--
Juan Manuel Macías -- Composición tipográfica, tratamiento de datos, diseño editorial y ortotipografía

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Juan Manuel Macías <maciaschain@posteo.net> writes:

[...]
> I will answer these two questions in general terms, because everything
> depends on each person's field of study (in addition, now I am not
> dedicated to active philology, but rather to editorial production and
> translation). Some archaic letters are necessary in certain texts. To
> give a simple example, Sappho's poems are edited with the digamma to
> note the sound of the semivowel /w/, a sound present in the Lesbian
> dialect. In editions of papyracean fragments, the lunate sigma is used,
> since many times it cannot be determined whether a sigma is in the
> middle or final position. Etc. But If you study Aristotle (for example)
> you will not need to use those characters in your workflow.

Interesting, most of the work that I'm familiar with is with Aristotle,
early Roman period (Epictetus, Marcus Aurelius), Eastern Roman Empire,
(Procopius, Agathias, Anna Komnene) plus the Gospels & Septuagint.  The
only time ligature letters are used are to represent numbers, such as
the number of the beast in the Gospels (χξϛ) using stigma (ϛ) for 6.

One could code στ to become ϛ, but this is not an expected behavior in
current keyboards.  Maybe this could be done by having a
greek-polytonic-ligatures variable that can be either nil or t?

After switching to Arabic numerals (~11th century) Greek does not use
ligature letters, they are considered calligraphy-like letters and
stigma ϛ is considered the same as στ.  You will find the same text
written with either or, depending on the publisher & the font they
prefer.  A classic example case for this is Adamantios Korais
biographies, such as for Hippocrates, which you can find using ϛ or στ
depending on the publisher, both considered just as historically
accurate, kinda like using ϒ or Υ.

If anyone has any ideas on how to implement ligature letters I'm all
ears.  In most Greek keyboards you'd use a modifier key (which we can't
in quail) for them and they are really, really uncommon, especially
today.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: rms@gnu.org, emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2024 05:48:37 +0300
> 
> If anyone has any ideas on how to implement ligature letters I'm all
> ears.

One way is to define composition rules, like those we have for Latin
accents.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Robert Pluim]

>>>>> On Thu, 10 Oct 2024 09:14:45 +0300, Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> said:

    >> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
    >> Cc: rms@gnu.org, emacs-devel@gnu.org
    >> Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2024 05:48:37 +0300
    >> 
    >> If anyone has any ideas on how to implement ligature letters I'm all
    >> ears.

    Eli> One way is to define composition rules, like those we have for Latin
    Eli> accents.

That would work for the visual aspect. If you really want στ to
produce ϛ then an input method can do that easily enough, so I guess
Iʼm not understanding where the difficulty is coming from.

Robert
-- 

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[tomas]

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On Thu, Oct 10, 2024 at 02:55:35PM +0200, Robert Pluim wrote:
> >>>>> On Thu, 10 Oct 2024 09:14:45 +0300, Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> said:
> 
>     >> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
>     >> Cc: rms@gnu.org, emacs-devel@gnu.org
>     >> Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2024 05:48:37 +0300
>     >> 
>     >> If anyone has any ideas on how to implement ligature letters I'm all
>     >> ears.
> 
>     Eli> One way is to define composition rules, like those we have for Latin
>     Eli> accents.
> 
> That would work for the visual aspect. If you really want στ to
> produce ϛ then an input method can do that easily enough, so I guess
> Iʼm not understanding where the difficulty is coming from.

I don't know about stigma, but in other languages, ligatures sometimes
carry semantics -- i.e. sometimes you want them, sometimes not (in old
German writing it depends, among other things on whether the ligature
lies across a word composition). And then, there are things like ß, which
used to be a ligature.

The more you look into it the messier :-)

Cheers
-- 
t

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
> Cc: public@thanosapollo.org, emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Tue, 08 Oct 2024 23:29:05 -0400
> 
> Should that package be included in Emacs?

There should be no reason not to include an input method, any input
method, in Emacs.

> Perhaps selected automatically by default by the input methods for
> classical Greek?

We don't have such a language-environment in Emacs.  We only have
Greek.  So we can have only one default for Greek input methods.  I
don't know if this one would be a better candidate than what we
currently define as the default (which is the Greek IM).

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Juan Manuel Macías]

Richard Stallman writes:

> Thanks for not using github!  But gitlab has grave flaws too -- see
> https://www.gnu.org/software/repo-criteria-evaluation.html.  There are
> better sites llsted there too.

Thank you very much for the recommendation. I have been looking for more
ethical alternatives to GitLab, to move the (few) projects I maintain
there.

Best regards,

Juan Manuel

--
Juan Manuel Macías -- Composición tipográfica, tratamiento de datos, diseño editorial y ortotipografía

Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Hello emacs-devel,


Emacs offers an option to write in Greek/Hellenic using
set-input-method, but it seems there is no support for the polytonic
system despite mentions of classical Greek support.

To use polytonic Greek in GNU Guix System, with Sway, I currently use
this configuration:

    input "type:keyboard" {
          xkb_layout us,gr
          xkb_options grp:win_space_toggle
          xkb_variant altgr-intl,polytonic
    }

Unless I'm missing something and there is already built in support, I
would also suggest having a greek-polytonic-mode.  This mode
automatically changes text written in Greek into polytonic Greek.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Greg Farough]

On Thu, Sep 19 2024, Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org> wrote:

> Hello emacs-devel,
>
>
> Emacs offers an option to write in Greek/Hellenic using
> set-input-method, but it seems there is no support for the polytonic
> system despite mentions of classical Greek support.
>
> To use polytonic Greek in GNU Guix System, with Sway, I currently use
> this configuration:
>
>     input "type:keyboard" {
>           xkb_layout us,gr
>           xkb_options grp:win_space_toggle
>           xkb_variant altgr-intl,polytonic
>     }
>
> Unless I'm missing something and there is already built in support, I
> would also suggest having a greek-polytonic-mode.  This mode
> automatically changes text written in Greek into polytonic Greek.

I've always used the "greek-babel" input method, and have never
encountered any classical Greek I couldn't easily type in with that.

-g

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Greg Farough <gregf@gnu.org> writes:

> On Thu, Sep 19 2024, Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org> wrote:
>
[...]
>
> I've always used the "greek-babel" input method, and have never
> encountered any classical Greek I couldn't easily type in with that.
>

Maybe I'm missing something, it seems that it does not have support for
perispomeni (e.g ῶ) that we can do with "[" + "ω" in usual polytonic
keyboards.  Psili, dasia, different types of periods, ypogegrammeni &
varys tonos, seem to be missing as well.

e.g phrase from Mathew (Bible) in Greek.

1.1 Βίβλος γενέσεως ᾽Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ υἱοῦ Δαυὶδ υἱοῦ ᾽Αβραάμ. 1.2
᾽Αβραὰμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ᾽Ισαάκ, ᾽Ισαὰκ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ᾽Ιακώβ, ᾽Ιακὼβ
δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ᾽Ιούδαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ

There is support for some accent's in greek-babel input method, as well
in other greek methods, but most of the greek accents are missing.

Maybe I'm missing something with the keybindings?

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Greg Farough]

On Thu, Sep 19 2024, Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org> wrote:

> Greg Farough <gregf@gnu.org> writes:
>
>> On Thu, Sep 19 2024, Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org> wrote:
>>
> [...]
>>
>> I've always used the "greek-babel" input method, and have never
>> encountered any classical Greek I couldn't easily type in with that.
>>
>
> Maybe I'm missing something, it seems that it does not have support for
> perispomeni (e.g ῶ) that we can do with "[" + "ω" in usual polytonic
> keyboards.  Psili, dasia, different types of periods, ypogegrammeni &
> varys tonos, seem to be missing as well.
>
> e.g phrase from Mathew (Bible) in Greek.
>
> 1.1 Βίβλος γενέσεως ᾽Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ υἱοῦ Δαυὶδ υἱοῦ ᾽Αβραάμ. 1.2
> ᾽Αβραὰμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ᾽Ισαάκ, ᾽Ισαὰκ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ᾽Ιακώβ, ᾽Ιακὼβ
> δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ᾽Ιούδαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ
>
> There is support for some accent's in greek-babel input method, as well
> in other greek methods, but most of the greek accents are missing.
>
> Maybe I'm missing something with the keybindings?

The keybindings are quite different than polytonic input methods in
other programs. M-x describe-input-method covers them all.

For example, small omega with perispomeni in greek-babel is: "~" +
"w" = ῶ

These can be combined. So small alpha with dasia and perispomeni would
be: "<" + "~" + "a" = ἇ

Small rho with psili: ">" + "r" = ῤ

But maybe I'm missing something?

-g

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 17:43:14 +0300
> 
> Emacs offers an option to write in Greek/Hellenic using
> set-input-method, but it seems there is no support for the polytonic
> system despite mentions of classical Greek support.
> 
> To use polytonic Greek in GNU Guix System, with Sway, I currently use
> this configuration:
> 
>     input "type:keyboard" {
>           xkb_layout us,gr
>           xkb_options grp:win_space_toggle
>           xkb_variant altgr-intl,polytonic
>     }
> 
> Unless I'm missing something and there is already built in support, I
> would also suggest having a greek-polytonic-mode.  This mode
> automatically changes text written in Greek into polytonic Greek.

AFAIK, there's the greek-polytonic package on GNU ELPA.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:


[...]

> AFAIK, there's the greek-polytonic package on GNU ELPA.

Do you have a link for this package?  I cannot seem to find it using:
<https://elpa.gnu.org/packages/> nor via list-packages.

/If/ there is a way to use greek accents in emacs, the keybindings are too
different from the usual keyboard used for Greek.

The keybindings that are being taught for Greek polytonic using non gnu
software can be found here[1].


[1]<https://e-philologist.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C-%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1-%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC-%CF%83%CE%B5-%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82.pdf>

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Robert Pluim]

>>>>> On Thu, 19 Sep 2024 19:32:31 +0300, Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org> said:

    Thanos> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
    Thanos> [...]

    >> AFAIK, there's the greek-polytonic package on GNU ELPA.

    Thanos> Do you have a link for this package?  I cannot seem to find it using:
    Thanos> <https://elpa.gnu.org/packages/> nor via list-packages.

Itʼs on MELPA. The source is here: https://github.com/jhanschoo/greek-polytonic

Robert
-- 

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 19:32:31 +0300
> 
> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
> 
> 
> [...]
> 
> > AFAIK, there's the greek-polytonic package on GNU ELPA.
> 
> Do you have a link for this package?  I cannot seem to find it using:
> <https://elpa.gnu.org/packages/> nor via list-packages.

Sorry, you are right.  There was a discussion to add such a package to
ELPA back in 2018, but I guess that never happened.  However, you can
find a URL of the package in that discussion:

  https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2018-07/msg00528.html
  https://github.com/jhanschoo/greek-polytonic/tree/fsf

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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[...]
> Sorry, you are right.  There was a discussion to add such a package to
> ELPA back in 2018, but I guess that never happened.  However, you can
> find a URL of the package in that discussion:
>
>   https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2018-07/msg00528.html
>   https://github.com/jhanschoo/greek-polytonic/tree/fsf

Thank you, after a quick try of this package it still does not provide
proper polytonic support.  Also, it does not follow the standard polytonic
keyboard, that is used in the education system in Greece, which is also
offered by other proprietary alternatives to emacs.  There are also some
major bugs that one might encounter, e.g stacking accents:

έ́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́


Are there any plans to include proper support for the Greek language in
Emacs, similar to the support available in the rest of the GNU system
(e.g., xkb)?  I am interested in helping with this effort.

The lack of proper Greek support in Emacs, particularly polytonic Greek,
has been a significant drawback for several of my friends and
colleagues.  They need to use polytonic Greek for their school subjects,
projects & work.

This also makes emacs a non-viable option for it being taught in
schools, something that I wanted to promote in my local area.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 20:05:19 +0300
> 
> Are there any plans to include proper support for the Greek language in
> Emacs, similar to the support available in the rest of the GNU system
> (e.g., xkb)?  I am interested in helping with this effort.

There are no on-going activity in this direction, AFAIK.  Patches to
add this support to Emacs are welcome, of course.

> The lack of proper Greek support in Emacs, particularly polytonic Greek,
> has been a significant drawback for several of my friends and
> colleagues.  They need to use polytonic Greek for their school subjects,
> projects & work.
> 
> This also makes emacs a non-viable option for it being taught in
> schools, something that I wanted to promote in my local area.

You don't need to convince us.  Adding input methods and support for
additional scripts is always welcome.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:


[...]
>
> There are no on-going activity in this direction, AFAIK.  Patches to
> add this support to Emacs are welcome, of course.
>

Thank you, I will start working on a greek-polytonic method after I
complete my university exams at the end of this month.

I will checkout out greek.el and the rest of greek input methods.  Do
you have any advice on things to avoid & aim for when creating an emacs
input method?  I'm not a developer, just a hobbyist, any advice &
resource to study is welcome.

[...]

> You don't need to convince us.  Adding input methods and support for
> additional scripts is always welcome.

Appreciate that.


Wish you all the best,

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 21:06:24 +0300
> 
> > There are no on-going activity in this direction, AFAIK.  Patches to
> > add this support to Emacs are welcome, of course.
> >
> 
> Thank you, I will start working on a greek-polytonic method after I
> complete my university exams at the end of this month.
> 
> I will checkout out greek.el and the rest of greek input methods.  Do
> you have any advice on things to avoid & aim for when creating an emacs
> input method?  I'm not a developer, just a hobbyist, any advice &
> resource to study is welcome.

I think if you look at the existing input methods, you will see how
easy it is to create one, at least for the usual cases.  Feel free to
ask questions here if you encounter problems you couldn't figure out.

I would also suggest that you start your copyright assignment
paperwork now, so that we could accept your contributions without
limitations.  If you agree, I will send you the form to fill with the
instructions to go with it.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:


[...]
> I think if you look at the existing input methods, you will see how
> easy it is to create one, at least for the usual cases.  Feel free to
> ask questions here if you encounter problems you couldn't figure out.
>

Okay, thank you.

> I would also suggest that you start your copyright assignment
> paperwork now, so that we could accept your contributions without
> limitations.  If you agree, I will send you the form to fill with the
> instructions to go with it.

Agreed.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 22:04:18 +0300
> 
> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
> 
> > I would also suggest that you start your copyright assignment
> > paperwork now, so that we could accept your contributions without
> > limitations.  If you agree, I will send you the form to fill with the
> > instructions to go with it.
> 
> Agreed.

Thanks, form sent off-list.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Visuwesh]

[வியாழன் செப்டம்பர் 19, 2024] Thanos Apollo wrote:

> [...]
>> Sorry, you are right.  There was a discussion to add such a package to
>> ELPA back in 2018, but I guess that never happened.  However, you can
>> find a URL of the package in that discussion:
>>
>>   https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2018-07/msg00528.html
>>   https://github.com/jhanschoo/greek-polytonic/tree/fsf
>
> Thank you, after a quick try of this package it still does not provide
> proper polytonic support.  Also, it does not follow the standard polytonic
> keyboard, that is used in the education system in Greece, which is also
> offered by other proprietary alternatives to emacs.  There are also some
> major bugs that one might encounter, e.g stacking accents:
>
> έ́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́
>
>
> Are there any plans to include proper support for the Greek language in
> Emacs, similar to the support available in the rest of the GNU system
> (e.g., xkb)?  I am interested in helping with this effort.

Creating a Quail input method is fairly straightforward.  For the most
part, it involves writing a set of "translation rules" which are
essentially a mapping from the English text to Greek (in your case).
There are simple and easy-to-understand examples in core: have a look at
the dvorak input method.

As for disallowing accent stacking, a custom UPDATE-TRANSLATION-FUNCTION
(see `quail-define-package') for the input method would do the job
AFAIU.  I am not sure if there is a simpler way to achieve the same.
Examples of such a function can be found in the Japanese input methods,
and in malayalam-mozhi input method in Emacs.  You may also take a look
at the tamil99 input method I wrote as another example
   
    https://github.com/9viz/tamil99

where I've tried to comment the UPDATE-TRANSLATION-FUNCTION as much as
possible.

HTH.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Visuwesh]

[வியாழன் செப்டம்பர் 19, 2024] Visuwesh wrote:

> As for disallowing accent stacking, a custom UPDATE-TRANSLATION-FUNCTION
> (see `quail-define-package') for the input method would do the job
> AFAIU.  I am not sure if there is a simpler way to achieve the same.
> Examples of such a function can be found in the Japanese input methods,
> and in malayalam-mozhi input method in Emacs.

You can set up the translation rules so that only e.g., e followed by ~
inserts epsilon with the accent.  This would avoid the problem
altogether.  (This has the disadvantage that you can no longer type ~
after an epsilon to insert the respective accent: you would need to
retype e~ to get epsilon with an accent.)  This approach is used by the
tamil99 input method in core.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Visuwesh <visuweshm@gmail.com> writes:


[...]
>     https://github.com/9viz/tamil99

Bookmarked, thank you
-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 20:05:19 +0300
> 
> There are also some major bugs that one might encounter, e.g
> stacking accents:
> 
> έ́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́

Which problems do you see here?

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:

>> 
>> έ́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́
>
> Which problems do you see here?

It's not possible to stack accents of the same type in Greek.  There are
many grammatical rules that are ignored in most input methods that I've
checkout out, such as using specific accents in non vowels.

There are specific rules that should be followed on which accents are
used.  Depending on the structure of the word & sentence, e.g a greek
input method should not allow to have a "tonos (΄)" in a non-vowel.

Also, some input methods have include sampi instead of "!" which is not
really used in Greek since the 5th century BC (and even then it was not
common).

A greek-polytonic input method should follow the keybindings that are
already used in greek polytonic keyboards & only allow certain accents
depending on the character.

A simple guide on polytonic can be found here[1] for anyone interested.

[1]<https://www.polytoniko.org/mathi.php?newlang=el>

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 22:02:18 +0300
> 
> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
> 
> >> 
> >> έ́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́
> >
> > Which problems do you see here?
> 
> It's not possible to stack accents of the same type in Greek.  There are
> many grammatical rules that are ignored in most input methods that I've
> checkout out, such as using specific accents in non vowels.

But that is a problem for the user who is typing the sequence to
solve.  Emacs allows users to type such sequences even if they are
disallowed by the script or language rules.  An input method can
decide not to support that or make it hard or impossible to type, but
I can always work around that by typing the character code directly,
e.g., using "C-x 8 RET".  And if I do, Emacs should obey.  For
example, one situation where one could want to type such "forbidden"
sequences is to document that they are forbidden.

> There are specific rules that should be followed on which accents are
> used.  Depending on the structure of the word & sentence, e.g a greek
> input method should not allow to have a "tonos (΄)" in a non-vowel.

Again, it would be hard for an input method to disallow some sequence.
The most it can do is not to provide pre-prepared sequences for such
accented characters.  But as soon as you allow to type the tonos, the
user can type it any number of times anywhere.  And even if the input
method itself doesn't provide a way to type the tonos, the user could
type it directly.

> A greek-polytonic input method should follow the keybindings that are
> already used in greek polytonic keyboards & only allow certain accents
> depending on the character.

There's no argument about that.  My point is that users have more ways
of typing characters than a single input method provides, and
therefore they can break the rules of any input method or language
quite easily.  And that is okay, from where I stand: the correctness
of the text typed by users is the responsibility of those users, not
of Emacs.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:

>> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
>> Cc: emacs-devel@gnu.org
>> Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2024 22:02:18 +0300
>> 
>> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
>> 
>> >> 
>> >> έ́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́
>> >
>> > Which problems do you see here?
>> 
>> It's not possible to stack accents of the same type in Greek.  There are
>> many grammatical rules that are ignored in most input methods that I've
>> checkout out, such as using specific accents in non vowels.
>
> But that is a problem for the user who is typing the sequence to
> solve.

Hmmm....  I guess we probably see this differently (literally).  I
understood the issue when reading this email in emacs-devel web archive.

I'm attaching an image for you to see what it usually looks like with
Iosevka Aile font.  In K9 the accents are even covering your own name, this is a bug,
most fonts do not support this and users should be able to easily type
"stacking" accents of the same type.

Depending on which greek input is used, the way to type accents is
different.  For example, in greek-polytonic that was recommended
previously, to add an oxia (΄), using ";" in us qwerty keyboards, you first
have to type the vowel & then press ";".  That's the opposite of how
Greek input methods work, we first type ";" (or the any other character
representing the accent(s) we want) and then the vowel.

You can try that by using the "greek" input method or by using
"setxkbmap gr" to see the differences with greek-polytonic in typing a
vowel with oxia.

greek-babel appears to support polytonic accents, but I haven't fully
tested it due to unfamiliarity with its keybindings.  I will start
working on a new greek-polytonic input method similar to what is
commonly used in proprietary software that most users are familiar
with. I'm attaching an image of the keybindings commonly used.



Cheers,

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-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Emanuel Berg]

Thanos Apollo wrote:

> Depending on which greek input is used [...]

Thanos Apollo, do you have this?

(defun char-to-greek (c)
  "Convert C to the corresponding Greek char."
  (when (and (<= ?A c)
             (<= c ?Y))
    (+ c 848)))

-- 
underground experts united
https://dataswamp.org/~incal

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 12:18:40 +0300
> 
> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
> 
> >> It's not possible to stack accents of the same type in Greek.  There are
> >> many grammatical rules that are ignored in most input methods that I've
> >> checkout out, such as using specific accents in non vowels.
> >
> > But that is a problem for the user who is typing the sequence to
> > solve.
> 
> Hmmm....  I guess we probably see this differently (literally).  I
> understood the issue when reading this email in emacs-devel web archive.
> 
> I'm attaching an image for you to see what it usually looks like with
> Iosevka Aile font.  In K9 the accents are even covering your own name, this is a bug,
> most fonts do not support this and users should be able to easily type
> "stacking" accents of the same type.

Again, why is it our problem?  If the user wants to have this sequence
for some reason, it is up to the user to select the font that displays
this properly.  Emacs has no business preventing users from typing
nonsensical sequences of codepoints.

> Depending on which greek input is used, the way to type accents is
> different.  For example, in greek-polytonic that was recommended
> previously, to add an oxia (΄), using ";" in us qwerty keyboards, you first
> have to type the vowel & then press ";".  That's the opposite of how
> Greek input methods work, we first type ";" (or the any other character
> representing the accent(s) we want) and then the vowel.
> 
> You can try that by using the "greek" input method or by using
> "setxkbmap gr" to see the differences with greek-polytonic in typing a
> vowel with oxia.
> 
> greek-babel appears to support polytonic accents, but I haven't fully
> tested it due to unfamiliarity with its keybindings.  I will start
> working on a new greek-polytonic input method similar to what is
> commonly used in proprietary software that most users are familiar
> with. I'm attaching an image of the keybindings commonly used.

I'm not sure this is related.  As I wrote, it is okay for the input
method not to support more than one tonos following a base character.
But that does not (and should not) prevent the user from typing as
many tonos accents as he/she pleases by other means.  The only
requirement from Emacs is not to crash as result of displaying such
sequences.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:


[...]
>
> Again, why is it our problem?  If the user wants to have this sequence
> for some reason, it is up to the user to select the font that displays
> this properly.  Emacs has no business preventing users from typing
> nonsensical sequences of codepoints.
>

Because it does not make linguistic sense, similarly to Spanish input
methods which AFAIK does not allow for multiple acute accents (acento
agudo, á) on a single letter.  I understand that Emacs has no business
preventing users from typing nonsensical keys in Greek, but those keys/characters
should exist in the Greek language.  The current implementation of "greek"
input method does not allow for stacking accents either.

[...]
> I'm not sure this is related.  As I wrote, it is okay for the input
> method not to support more than one tonos following a base character.
> But that does not (and should not) prevent the user from typing as
> many tonos accents as he/she pleases by other means.  The only
> requirement from Emacs is not to crash as result of displaying such
> sequences.

Polytonic input methods have hard coded accent combinations.
Combinations of accents have specific keybinding e.g "M-Shift-q" + a for
oxia and ypogegrameni with α (e.g ᾴ).  Which btw I'm not sure how I can
replicate in quail.


-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:

>
> I'm not sure this is related.  As I wrote, it is okay for the input
> method not to support more than one tonos following a base character.
> But that does not (and should not) prevent the user from typing as
> many tonos accents as he/she pleases by other means.  The only
> requirement from Emacs is not to crash as result of displaying such
> sequences.

I think there is also a misunderstanding here about how we input
accents.  First we define the accent e.g "´" and then we add the vowel
"α" -> "ά".  We do not add a vowel and then "throw" accents at it, thus
it's not possible to add multiple tonos etc.

Combinations of accents have specific keybindings, usually using
modifier keys (Meta, Control).  Do you have any examples of quail or any
other input method that uses modifier keys?

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Robert Pluim]

>>>>> On Fri, 20 Sep 2024 15:24:13 +0300, Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org> said:

    Thanos> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
    >> 
    >> I'm not sure this is related.  As I wrote, it is okay for the input
    >> method not to support more than one tonos following a base character.
    >> But that does not (and should not) prevent the user from typing as
    >> many tonos accents as he/she pleases by other means.  The only
    >> requirement from Emacs is not to crash as result of displaying such
    >> sequences.

    Thanos> I think there is also a misunderstanding here about how we input
    Thanos> accents.  First we define the accent e.g "´" and then we add the vowel
    Thanos> "α" -> "ά".  We do not add a vowel and then "throw" accents at it, thus
    Thanos> it's not possible to add multiple tonos etc.

Then thereʼs no issue. Just define "´´" -> "´" etc

    Thanos> Combinations of accents have specific keybindings, usually using
    Thanos> modifier keys (Meta, Control).  Do you have any examples of quail or any
    Thanos> other input method that uses modifier keys?

I donʼt think thatʼs currently possible in quail. "quail.el"
explicitly says "ASCII key string".


Robert
-- 

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Robert Pluim <rpluim@gmail.com> writes:

>>>>>> On Fri, 20 Sep 2024 15:24:13 +0300, Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org> said:
>
>     Thanos> Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:
>     >> 
>     >> I'm not sure this is related.  As I wrote, it is okay for the input
>     >> method not to support more than one tonos following a base character.
>     >> But that does not (and should not) prevent the user from typing as
>     >> many tonos accents as he/she pleases by other means.  The only
>     >> requirement from Emacs is not to crash as result of displaying such
>     >> sequences.
>
>     Thanos> I think there is also a misunderstanding here about how we input
>     Thanos> accents.  First we define the accent e.g "´" and then we add the vowel
>     Thanos> "α" -> "ά".  We do not add a vowel and then "throw" accents at it, thus
>     Thanos> it's not possible to add multiple tonos etc.
>
> Then thereʼs no issue. Just define "´´" -> "´" etc
>

The issue is that some greek input methods, such as greek-polytinic
that was recommended, have that in reverse.  They first add a character
and then the user can throw unlimited accents at it, e.g

ᾴ́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́̔̔̔̔̔̔̔̔̔̔̓̓̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈ͅͅͅͅͅͅͅͅ

This should be considered a different language, not Greek.

>     Thanos> Combinations of accents have specific keybindings, usually using
>     Thanos> modifier keys (Meta, Control).  Do you have any examples of quail or any
>     Thanos> other input method that uses modifier keys?
>
> I donʼt think thatʼs currently possible in quail. "quail.el"
> explicitly says "ASCII key string".
>

Thank you, do you have any ideas of how to approach creating an input method that
uses modifier keys?

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Robert Pluim]

>>>>> On Fri, 20 Sep 2024 15:55:31 +0300, Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org> said:
    >> 
    >> Then thereʼs no issue. Just define "´´" -> "´" etc
    >> 

    Thanos> The issue is that some greek input methods, such as greek-polytinic
    Thanos> that was recommended, have that in reverse.  They first add a character
    Thanos> and then the user can throw unlimited accents at it, e.g

    Thanos> ᾴ́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́́̔̔̔̔̔̔̔̔̔̔̓̓̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈̈ͅͅͅͅͅͅͅͅ

    Thanos> This should be considered a different language, not Greek.

"what do you care what other people think, Mr Feynman?". If youʼre
going to define a new input method, it doesnʼt matter what the
existing ones do.

    Thanos> Combinations of accents have specific keybindings, usually using
    Thanos> modifier keys (Meta, Control).  Do you have any examples of quail or any
    Thanos> other input method that uses modifier keys?
    >> 
    >> I donʼt think thatʼs currently possible in quail. "quail.el"
    >> explicitly says "ASCII key string".
    >> 

    Thanos> Thank you, do you have any ideas of how to approach creating an input method that
    Thanos> uses modifier keys?

Iʼd take a look at input methods that have SIMPLE = nil, maybe that allows
using modifier keys.

`key-translation-map' allows it, so it should be possible with quail
as well:

    (define-prefix-command 'meta-q-map)
    (define-key key-translation-map (kbd "M-Q") meta-q-map)
    (define-key meta-q-map "a" "ᾴ")

Of course, then you get the issue that your modifier keys are likely
already bound to commands in emacs.

Robert
-- 

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Cc: emacs-devel@gnu.org
> Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2024 15:24:13 +0300
> 
> I think there is also a misunderstanding here about how we input
> accents.  First we define the accent e.g "´" and then we add the vowel
> "α" -> "ά".  We do not add a vowel and then "throw" accents at it, thus
> it's not possible to add multiple tonos etc.

What happens if you type several accents and only after that the
vowel?

Also, there could be a "postfix" input method, where you type the base
character first and the accents after that.

In any case, I have nothing against an input method disallowing
sequences with multiple accents.  My point was that users can easily
work around that, and Emacs should not prevent such workarounds.

> Combinations of accents have specific keybindings, usually using
> modifier keys (Meta, Control).  Do you have any examples of quail or any
> other input method that uses modifier keys?

Only with Shift, AFAIK.  But I don't consider myself a Quail expert.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> writes:


[...]
>
> What happens if you type several accents and only after that the
> vowel?
>

The accent is inserted as signle character until there is a valid
character for it to "combine" e.g ΄΄΄ά.  If a valid character, such as
vowel, is inserted after the accent, they combine into one character
(ά), if the user inserts a character that takes no accents, such as
pi(π), the accent is inserted as a signle character as well (e.g ΄π).

There are no characters in Greek with multiple accents of the same type.

[...]
>
> Only with Shift, AFAIK.  But I don't consider myself a Quail expert.

Thank you, I will see if I can create something useful and I will be
contacting you.


Cheers,

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Emanuel Berg]

Thanos Apollo wrote:

> The accent is inserted as signle character until there is
> a valid character for it to "combine" e.g ΄΄΄ά. If a valid
> character, such as vowel, is inserted after the accent, they
> combine into one character (ά),

The compose key does this. I have it for Swedish chars in the
Linux VT. Hääj! Those I insert with compose " a. Compose o and
a is å. Very clever! Whoever came up with it (the compose
key).

But the Swedish abc cannot be compared to the Greek as that is
a whole alphabet of its own. Depending on how often you have
to do this, the compose key is not a bad solution.

It is handy not to have to change back and forth between
keyboards, if you can avoid that with the compose key, it is
all good.

-- 
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https://dataswamp.org/~incal

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Emanuel Berg <incal@dataswamp.org> writes:


[...]
> The compose key does this. I have it for Swedish chars in the
> Linux VT. Hääj! Those I insert with compose " a. Compose o and
> a is å. Very clever! Whoever came up with it (the compose
> key).
>

This is exactly what I was looking for, thank you Emanuel!

> But the Swedish abc cannot be compared to the Greek as that is
> a whole alphabet of its own. Depending on how often you have
> to do this, the compose key is not a bad solution.
>

Actually the Latin alphabet has 26 characters, the greek alphabet has
only 24, leaving 2 extra keys for accents/punctuation.

Apologies for not inputting my thoughts on the issue properly before.  I
will try to reiterate.

When creating a new Greek input method for Emacs, several issues and
goals need to be considered:
----------------------------

- Only include letters of the Greek alphabet.
  - greek-ibycus4 for example includes the character J, which is due to
    not including the letter "J" in quail-define-rules.  I believe this is
    a bug as well.
  - greek-babel includes many archaic greek letters that are not part of
    the Greek alphabet since the 5th century BC.
- Follow the Greek QWERTY layout for keybindings.
- If modifier/compose keys are not used in creating a new Greek
  polytonic input method, one could replace the characters "|", "{",
  "}", and "~" with hard-coded accent combinations, as these characters
  are not commonly used in Greek.
- Another tricky part is handling the letter Sigma ("Σ", "σ", "ς"). "Σ"
  is the capital version of sigma ("σ") while "ς" is used at the end of
  a word. In iOS, this is done automatically with one key.  Similarly,
  greek-ibycus4 attempts to implement this feature:

("j" ?ς) ("s " ["ς "]) ("s," ["ς,"]) ("s." ["ς."]) ("s?" ["ς;"]) ("s;"
["ς·"]) #line842 in greek.el


Using "j" and "s" as a keybinding as well does not make much sense.  The
commonly key usually used for sigma is "s".  Currently the "greek" input
method, which is used for monotonic greek, has duplicate keys including
("W" ?Σ) #line1208 and ("S" ?Σ)#line1220 in greek.el.  It'd be ideal to
have all 3 versions of sigma under the keybinding "s" in a new
greek-polytonic input method.

I propose a restructure/refactor of =greek.el= as follows:
----------------------------------------------------------

- Retain the "greek" input method as is.
  - It provides proper support for monotonic Greek and is familiar to most users.
- Retain "greek-postfix" as is.
  - Supports monotonic Greek with familiar postfix keybindings.
- Retain "greek-babel" as is.
  - Supports archaic Greek letters & polytonic accents.

For other input methods:

- "greek-mizuochi" and "greek-ibycus4" lack proper Greek support,
  including non-mapped keys.  Since "greek-babel" includes archaic Greek
  letters, they seem redundant.  They should be either rewritten or
  considered deprecated.
- "greek-jis" seems unique, with JIS likely standing for Japanese
  Industrial Standard.  However, it lacks support for Greek all accents
  and many Greek letters.  While this could be an interesting niche
  package, it may not belong in =greek.el= if it's not really Greek.

Introduce:
- Add "greek-polytonic".
  - This should support only the 24 letters of the Greek alphabet and
    polytonic accents, using keybindings for the standard QWERTY
    Greek keyboard as closely as possible.
- Add "greek-polytonic-postfix" _after_ establishing proper polytonic
  support.
  
-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2024 01:00:35 +0300
> 
> - Only include letters of the Greek alphabet.
>   - greek-ibycus4 for example includes the character J, which is due to
>     not including the letter "J" in quail-define-rules.  I believe this is
>     a bug as well.

If a key is not assigned in the input method, it should produce
itself.  This is not a bug.

> I propose a restructure/refactor of =greek.el= as follows:
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> 
> - Retain the "greek" input method as is.
>   - It provides proper support for monotonic Greek and is familiar to most users.
> - Retain "greek-postfix" as is.
>   - Supports monotonic Greek with familiar postfix keybindings.
> - Retain "greek-babel" as is.
>   - Supports archaic Greek letters & polytonic accents.
> 
> For other input methods:
> 
> - "greek-mizuochi" and "greek-ibycus4" lack proper Greek support,
>   including non-mapped keys.  Since "greek-babel" includes archaic Greek
>   letters, they seem redundant.  They should be either rewritten or
>   considered deprecated.
> - "greek-jis" seems unique, with JIS likely standing for Japanese
>   Industrial Standard.  However, it lacks support for Greek all accents
>   and many Greek letters.  While this could be an interesting niche
>   package, it may not belong in =greek.el= if it's not really Greek.

Please don't make any changes in existing Greek input methods except
if you find clear bugs.  In particular, we don't want to remove any
existing input methods, as the mere fact that they exist does no harm.
Deprecating input methods is meaningless (since we will not remove
them); instead, we can say in NEWS that this-and-that new input
methods should be used instead.  We can also add to the input method's
doc string some text which describes the its disadvantages and
deficiencies, or the special situations which the input method is
designed to support, and advises to use other input methods instead.

> Introduce:
> - Add "greek-polytonic".
>   - This should support only the 24 letters of the Greek alphabet and
>     polytonic accents, using keybindings for the standard QWERTY
>     Greek keyboard as closely as possible.
> - Add "greek-polytonic-postfix" _after_ establishing proper polytonic
>   support.

This is fine, thanks.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Emanuel Berg]

Thanos Apollo wrote:

> This is exactly what I was looking for, thank you Emanuel!

My pleasure, and however you solve this, you can post it here
if your countrymen in the future will google it.

> Actually the Latin alphabet has 26 characters

Okay, but it is not the total number but the number of chars
that would involve the compose key, and how often they
are used.

Too much compose key can a little annoying so better think of
a clever way to set it up. The rule is (1) it should work, and
(2) you should do it as not as often as possible. Other than
that, yeah, good solution.

> the greek alphabet has only 24, leaving 2 extra keys for
> accents/punctuation.

Swedish alphabet has the Latin ones and å ä and ö, so that
should (+ 26 3) 29.

The Norwegians use the Danish alphabet, maybe by now it is
Norwegian as well, This also has three extra chars at the end
so 29 again but their chars and ours are similar but not
identical. No idea what they do with their keyboards, here,
I've not heard that the compose key is so commonly in use.

Bulgarian  30
Russian    32 (or 33)
Serbian    30
Ukrainian  32

Are those similar to the Greek alphabet? Maybe to some
superficial extent but it is more beneficial to think of them
as different/distinct alphabets, or am I wrong?

-- 
underground experts united
https://dataswamp.org/~incal

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Max Nikulin]

On 19/09/2024 21:43, Thanos Apollo wrote:
>      input "type:keyboard" {
>            xkb_layout us,gr

I am curious what tool you are going to use to fix the "gr" layout 
specifically for Emacs windows (frames) while having both available for 
other applications? I assume that the purpose of Emacs input method is 
to have usual keybindings accessible without switching of keyboard 
layout while typing Greek.

As to input method using modifier keys, it might lead to conflicts with 
default key bindings for some commands.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Max Nikulin <manikulin@gmail.com> writes:

> As to input method using modifier keys, it might lead to conflicts with 
> default key bindings for some commands.

Yes, when I write in Greek I do not have access to emacs keybindings
(C-b etc).  That's why I would like to implement a new greek input
method in emacs.  It is even harder to use & configure Greek in emacs in
different OS, depending on how emacs was installed.

(I'm not familiar with other OS outside of the GNU ecosystem, but this
is what colleagues of mine claimed).

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Eli Zaretskii]

> From: Thanos Apollo <public@thanosapollo.org>
> Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2024 02:53:54 +0300
> 
> Max Nikulin <manikulin@gmail.com> writes:
> 
> > As to input method using modifier keys, it might lead to conflicts with 
> > default key bindings for some commands.
> 
> Yes, when I write in Greek I do not have access to emacs keybindings
> (C-b etc).  That's why I would like to implement a new greek input
> method in emacs.  It is even harder to use & configure Greek in emacs in
> different OS, depending on how emacs was installed.
> 
> (I'm not familiar with other OS outside of the GNU ecosystem, but this
> is what colleagues of mine claimed).

On MS-Windows, turning on an input method does not affect C-<KEY> and
M-<KEY> combinations, they still produce their previous keys.  But I
know that this is not so on X.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Max Nikulin]

On 21/09/2024 06:53, Thanos Apollo wrote:
> 
>> As to input method using modifier keys, it might lead to conflicts with
>> default key bindings for some commands.
> 
> Yes, when I write in Greek I do not have access to emacs keybindings
> (C-b etc).

I am sorry for my ignorance, I may confuse something since I have never 
tried to type Greek using "gr" keyboard layout. Writing on possible 
conflicts I have in mind mostly M-something keybindings. I am looking 
into /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/gr polytonic symbols. AltGr+s in Greek 
layout (<AC02> levels 3 and 4) are used to type "Ϛ ϛ STIGMATA". On the 
other hand the "us" layout does not have level 3 and 4 symbols for 
<AC02> "s" qwerty key. So I am not sure if it is possible for Emacs 
input method to add more variants to sigma using XKB AltGr key while 
"us" keyboard layout is active. On the other hand M-s is busy in Emacs, 
so using [Alt+s] to type "Ϛ" means issues with regular bindings.

[AltGr+"{"] and [AltGr+"}"] are defined as dead keys for accents, so it 
may cause similar issues.

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Max Nikulin <manikulin@gmail.com> writes:

[...]
>
> I am sorry for my ignorance, I may confuse something since I have never 
> tried to type Greek using "gr" keyboard layout. Writing on possible 
> conflicts I have in mind mostly M-something keybindings. I am looking 
> into /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/gr polytonic symbols. AltGr+s in Greek 
> layout (<AC02> levels 3 and 4) are used to type "Ϛ ϛ STIGMATA". On the 
> other hand the "us" layout does not have level 3 and 4 symbols for 
> <AC02> "s" qwerty key. 

Stigmata refers to bodily marks, it's not a letter.  =Stigma= is a
ligature letter (meaning a combination of 2 letters, similar to "æ",
but was used _only_ in minuscule manuscripts to save space by combining
sigma (σ) + tau (τ).  Stigma is not part of the Greek alphabet.

All letters of the Greek alphabet are currently supported both in Emacs
and in the GNU system.  Only the polytonic system is lacking (᾿ ` ῾ ῀ ͺ).

> [AltGr+"{"] and [AltGr+"}"] are defined as dead keys for accents, so
> it may cause similar issues.

Thanks to quail there is no need for dead keys or using Meta/Control
key.  My current implementations is almost 1:1 with the greek keyboard
(monotonic implementation) from greek.el, just removed duplicated keys
(e.g W=Σ & S=Σ) to make space for the polytonic accents.

I will be typing a couple of greek texts for a personal project of mine,
testing what feels most fluid to type & upon completion I will be
sharing it with emacs-devel.

P.S Polytonic Greek is the same as the current Greek monotonic
implementation, just with 5 more accent/diacritical marks (᾿ ` ῾ ῀ ͺ).
Not sure what is going on with some implementations of it.

-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Max Nikulin]

On 23/09/2024 21:02, Thanos Apollo wrote:
> Max Nikulin writes:
>> I am looking
>> into /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/gr polytonic symbols. AltGr+s in Greek
>> layout (<AC02> levels 3 and 4) are used to type "Ϛ ϛ STIGMATA". On the
>> other hand the "us" layout does not have level 3 and 4 symbols for
>> <AC02> "s" qwerty key.
[...]
> but was used _only_ in minuscule manuscripts to save space by combining
> sigma (σ) + tau (τ).  Stigma is not part of the Greek alphabet.

Thanks for explanation. I just had impression that you are going to 
achieve typing experience as close to other applications as possible. 
Perhaps there is really no point in support of some symbols.

>> [AltGr+"{"] and [AltGr+"}"] are defined as dead keys for accents, so
>> it may cause similar issues.
> 
> Thanks to quail there is no need for dead keys or using Meta/Control
> key.

My primary point was not dead keys, but several keys having level3 and 
level4 symbols. Just shift allows to have 2 symbols per key. Another 
modifier is required to get more.

However M-{ and M-} are not best examples, <AD11> and <AD12> have no 4th 
level, just 3rd one. An example for all 4 levels:

     key <AC11> { type[Group1]="FOUR_LEVEL",
                  [ dead_grave, dead_dasia, apostrophe, quotedbl  ] };

On 21/09/2024 05:00, Thanos Apollo wrote:
> "Σ" is the capital version of sigma ("σ") while "ς" is used at the end of
>  a word. In iOS, this is done automatically with one key.

I am curious if this specific feature is provided by input method or by 
the "autoreplace" feature of some applications (similar to "--" → "—")

Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[Thanos Apollo]

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Max Nikulin <manikulin@gmail.com> writes:

> On 23/09/2024 21:02, Thanos Apollo wrote:
>> Max Nikulin writes:
[...]
>> but was used _only_ in minuscule manuscripts to save space by combining
>> sigma (σ) + tau (τ).  Stigma is not part of the Greek alphabet.
>
> Thanks for explanation. I just had impression that you are going to 
> achieve typing experience as close to other applications as possible. 
> Perhaps there is really no point in support of some symbols.
>

As close as possible to what someone that types & knows Greek is used
to.

>>> [AltGr+"{"] and [AltGr+"}"] are defined as dead keys for accents, so
>>> it may cause similar issues.
>> 
>> Thanks to quail there is no need for dead keys or using Meta/Control
>> key.
>
> My primary point was not dead keys, but several keys having level3 and 
> level4 symbols. Just shift allows to have 2 symbols per key. Another 
> modifier is required to get more.
>
> However M-{ and M-} are not best examples, <AD11> and <AD12> have no 4th 
> level, just 3rd one. An example for all 4 levels:
>
>      key <AC11> { type[Group1]="FOUR_LEVEL",
>                   [ dead_grave, dead_dasia, apostrophe, quotedbl  ] };
>

Indeed, that's a bad design.  To implement a Greek polytonic keyboard just
copy the commonly used greek monotonic/basic one & add the extra
"tonos" & "spirits".  No need for extra modifier keys, I'm not sure what
the authors wanted to achieve when creating those keyboards.

Currently I'm using the keys "q" "w" ";" for spirits & tonos.  Combined
with shift it provides 6 keys, the exact amount that we need to
implement the polytonic system.  This is done without making any major
changes to the commonly used greek monotonic/basic keyboard, that most
users are familiar with.


-- 
Thanos Apollo
https://thanosapollo.org

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Re: Writting Greek in Emacs

[tomas]

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On Mon, Sep 23, 2024 at 05:02:13PM +0300, Thanos Apollo wrote:
> Max Nikulin <manikulin@gmail.com> writes:
> 
> [...]
> >
> > I am sorry for my ignorance, I may confuse something since I have never 
> > tried to type Greek using "gr" keyboard layout. Writing on possible 
> > conflicts I have in mind mostly M-something keybindings. I am looking 
> > into /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/gr polytonic symbols. AltGr+s in Greek 
> > layout (<AC02> levels 3 and 4) are used to type "Ϛ ϛ STIGMATA". On the 
> > other hand the "us" layout does not have level 3 and 4 symbols for 
> > <AC02> "s" qwerty key. 
> 
> Stigmata refers to bodily marks, it's not a letter.  =Stigma= is a
> ligature letter (meaning a combination of 2 letters, similar to "æ",
> but was used _only_ in minuscule manuscripts to save space by combining
> sigma (σ) + tau (τ).  Stigma is not part of the Greek alphabet.
> 
> All letters of the Greek alphabet are currently supported both in Emacs
> and in the GNU system.  Only the polytonic system is lacking (᾿ ` ῾ ῀ ͺ).

For the X11 keymaps, this [1] friendly person seems to have made
something. Perhaps you can build on it.

Cheers
[1] https://frame-poythress.org/keyboard-entry-of-polytonic-greek-and-biblical-hebrew-in-gnulinux-2014/
-- 
tomás

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