;;; ruby-mode.el --- Major mode for editing Ruby files

;; Copyright (C) 1994-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Authors: Yukihiro Matsumoto
;;	Nobuyoshi Nakada
;; URL: http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RubyMode
;; Created: Fri Feb  4 14:49:13 JST 1994
;; Keywords: languages ruby
;; Version: 1.2

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; Provides font-locking, indentation support, and navigation for Ruby code.
;;
;; If you're installing manually, you should add this to your .emacs
;; file after putting it on your load path:
;;
;;    (autoload 'ruby-mode "ruby-mode" "Major mode for ruby files" t)
;;    (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.rb$" . ruby-mode))
;;    (add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist '("ruby" . ruby-mode))
;;
;; Still needs more docstrings; search below for TODO.

;;; Code:

(eval-when-compile (require 'cl))

(defgroup ruby nil
  "Major mode for editing Ruby code."
  :prefix "ruby-"
  :group 'languages)

(defconst ruby-block-beg-keywords
  '("class" "module" "def" "if" "unless" "case" "while" "until" "for" "begin" "do")
  "Keywords at the beginning of blocks.")

(defconst ruby-block-beg-re
  (regexp-opt ruby-block-beg-keywords)
  "Regexp to match the beginning of blocks.")

(defconst ruby-non-block-do-re
  (regexp-opt '("while" "until" "for" "rescue") 'symbols)
  "Regexp to match keywords that nest without blocks.")

(defconst ruby-indent-beg-re
  (concat "^\\(\\s *" (regexp-opt '("class" "module" "def")) "\\|"
          (regexp-opt '("if" "unless" "case" "while" "until" "for" "begin"))
          "\\)\\_>")
  "Regexp to match where the indentation gets deeper.")

(defconst ruby-modifier-beg-keywords
  '("if" "unless" "while" "until")
  "Modifiers that are the same as the beginning of blocks.")

(defconst ruby-modifier-beg-re
  (regexp-opt ruby-modifier-beg-keywords)
  "Regexp to match modifiers same as the beginning of blocks.")

(defconst ruby-modifier-re
  (regexp-opt (cons "rescue" ruby-modifier-beg-keywords))
  "Regexp to match modifiers.")

(defconst ruby-block-mid-keywords
  '("then" "else" "elsif" "when" "rescue" "ensure")
  "Keywords where the indentation gets shallower in middle of block statements.")

(defconst ruby-block-mid-re
  (regexp-opt ruby-block-mid-keywords)
  "Regexp to match where the indentation gets shallower in middle of block statements.")

(defconst ruby-block-op-keywords
  '("and" "or" "not")
  "Regexp to match boolean keywords.")

(defconst ruby-block-hanging-re
  (regexp-opt (append ruby-modifier-beg-keywords ruby-block-op-keywords))
  "Regexp to match hanging block modifiers.")

(defconst ruby-block-end-re "\\_<end\\_>")

(defconst ruby-defun-beg-re
  '"\\(def\\|class\\|module\\)"
  "Regexp to match the beginning of a defun, in the general sense.")

(defconst ruby-singleton-class-re
  "class\\s *<<"
  "Regexp to match the beginning of a singleton class context.")

(eval-and-compile
  (defconst ruby-here-doc-beg-re
  "\\(<\\)<\\(-\\)?\\(\\([a-zA-Z0-9_]+\\)\\|[\"]\\([^\"]+\\)[\"]\\|[']\\([^']+\\)[']\\)"
  "Regexp to match the beginning of a heredoc.")

  (defconst ruby-expression-expansion-re
    "\\(?:[^\\]\\|\\=\\)\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\(#\\({[^}\n\\\\]*\\(\\\\.[^}\n\\\\]*\\)*}\\|\\(\\$\\|@\\|@@\\)\\(\\w\\|_\\)+\\)\\)"))

(defun ruby-here-doc-end-match ()
  "Return a regexp to find the end of a heredoc.

This should only be called after matching against `ruby-here-doc-beg-re'."
  (concat "^"
          (if (match-string 2) "[ \t]*" nil)
          (regexp-quote
           (or (match-string 4)
               (match-string 5)
               (match-string 6)))))

(defconst ruby-delimiter
  (concat "[?$/%(){}#\"'`.:]\\|<<\\|\\[\\|\\]\\|\\_<\\("
          ruby-block-beg-re
          "\\)\\_>\\|" ruby-block-end-re
          "\\|^=begin\\|" ruby-here-doc-beg-re))

(defconst ruby-negative
  (concat "^[ \t]*\\(\\(" ruby-block-mid-re "\\)\\>\\|"
          ruby-block-end-re "\\|}\\|\\]\\)")
  "Regexp to match where the indentation gets shallower.")

(defconst ruby-operator-re "[-,.+*/%&|^~=<>:]\\|\\\\$"
  "Regexp to match operators.")

(defconst ruby-symbol-chars "a-zA-Z0-9_"
  "List of characters that symbol names may contain.")

(defconst ruby-symbol-re (concat "[" ruby-symbol-chars "]")
  "Regexp to match symbols.")

(define-abbrev-table 'ruby-mode-abbrev-table ()
  "Abbrev table in use in Ruby mode buffers.")

(defvar ruby-use-smie t)

(defvar ruby-mode-map
  (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
    (unless ruby-use-smie
      (define-key map (kbd "M-C-b") 'ruby-backward-sexp)
      (define-key map (kbd "M-C-f") 'ruby-forward-sexp)
      (define-key map (kbd "M-C-q") 'ruby-indent-exp))
    (when ruby-use-smie
      (define-key map (kbd "M-C-d") 'smie-down-list))
    (define-key map (kbd "M-C-p") 'ruby-beginning-of-block)
    (define-key map (kbd "M-C-n") 'ruby-end-of-block)
    (define-key map (kbd "C-c {") 'ruby-toggle-block)
    map)
  "Keymap used in Ruby mode.")

(easy-menu-define
  ruby-mode-menu
  ruby-mode-map
  "Ruby Mode Menu"
  '("Ruby"
    ["Beginning of Block" ruby-beginning-of-block t]
    ["End of Block" ruby-end-of-block t]
    ["Toggle Block" ruby-toggle-block t]
    "--"
    ["Backward Sexp" ruby-backward-sexp
     :visible (not ruby-use-smie)]
    ["Backward Sexp" backward-sexp
     :visible ruby-use-smie]
    ["Forward Sexp" ruby-forward-sexp
     :visible (not ruby-use-smie)]
    ["Forward Sexp" forward-sexp
     :visible ruby-use-smie]
    ["Indent Sexp" ruby-indent-exp
     :visible (not ruby-use-smie)]
    ["Indent Sexp" prog-indent-sexp
     :visible ruby-use-smie]))

(defvar ruby-mode-syntax-table
  (let ((table (make-syntax-table)))
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\' "\"" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\" "\"" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\` "\"" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?# "<" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\n ">" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\\ "\\" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?$ "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?? "_" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?_ "_" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?: "_" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?< "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?> "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?& "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?| "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?% "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?= "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?/ "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?+ "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?* "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?- "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\; "." table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\( "()" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\) ")(" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\{ "(}" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\} "){" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\[ "(]" table)
    (modify-syntax-entry ?\] ")[" table)
    table)
  "Syntax table to use in Ruby mode.")

(defcustom ruby-indent-tabs-mode nil
  "Indentation can insert tabs in Ruby mode if this is non-nil."
  :type 'boolean :group 'ruby)

(defcustom ruby-indent-level 2
  "Indentation of Ruby statements."
  :type 'integer :group 'ruby)

(defcustom ruby-comment-column (default-value 'comment-column)
  "Indentation column of comments."
  :type 'integer :group 'ruby)

(defcustom ruby-deep-arglist t
  "Deep indent lists in parenthesis when non-nil.
Also ignores spaces after parenthesis when 'space."
  :group 'ruby)

(defcustom ruby-deep-indent-paren '(?\( ?\[ ?\] t)
  "Deep indent lists in parenthesis when non-nil.
The value t means continuous line.
Also ignores spaces after parenthesis when 'space."
  :group 'ruby)

(defcustom ruby-deep-indent-paren-style 'space
  "Default deep indent style."
  :options '(t nil space) :group 'ruby)

(defcustom ruby-encoding-map
  '((us-ascii       . nil)       ;; Do not put coding: us-ascii
    (shift-jis      . cp932)     ;; Emacs charset name of Shift_JIS
    (shift_jis      . cp932)     ;; MIME charset name of Shift_JIS
    (japanese-cp932 . cp932))    ;; Emacs charset name of CP932
  "Alist to map encoding name from Emacs to Ruby.
Associating an encoding name with nil means it needs not be
explicitly declared in magic comment."
  :type '(repeat (cons (symbol :tag "From") (symbol :tag "To")))
  :group 'ruby)

(defcustom ruby-insert-encoding-magic-comment t
  "Insert a magic Emacs 'coding' comment upon save if this is non-nil."
  :type 'boolean :group 'ruby)

(defcustom ruby-use-encoding-map t
  "Use `ruby-encoding-map' to set encoding magic comment if this is non-nil."
  :type 'boolean :group 'ruby)

;; Safe file variables
(put 'ruby-indent-tabs-mode 'safe-local-variable 'booleanp)
(put 'ruby-indent-level 'safe-local-variable 'integerp)
(put 'ruby-comment-column 'safe-local-variable 'integerp)
(put 'ruby-deep-arglist 'safe-local-variable 'booleanp)

;;; SMIE support

(require 'smie)

;; Here's a simplified BNF grammar, for reference:
;; http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/~regan/cse305/RubyBNF.pdf
(defconst ruby-smie-grammar
  (smie-prec2->grammar
   (smie-merge-prec2s
    (smie-bnf->prec2
     '((id)
       (insts (inst) (insts ";" insts))
       (inst (exp) (inst "iuwu-mod" exp))
       (exp  (exp1) (exp "," exp) (exp "=" exp)
             (id " @ " exp)
             (exp "." exp))
       (exp1 (exp2) (exp2 "?" exp1 ":" exp1))
       (exp2 ("def" insts "end")
             ("begin" insts-rescue-insts "end")
             ("do" insts "end")
             ("class" insts "end") ("module" insts "end")
             ("for" for-body "end")
             ("[" expseq "]")
             ("{" hashvals "}")
             ("{" insts "}")
             ("while" insts "end")
             ("until" insts "end")
             ("unless" insts "end")
             ("if" if-body "end")
             ("case"  cases "end"))
       (formal-params ("opening-|" exp "|"))
       (for-body (for-head ";" insts))
       (for-head (id "in" exp))
       (cases (exp "then" insts) ;; FIXME: Ruby also allows (exp ":" insts).
              (cases "when" cases) (insts "else" insts))
       (expseq (exp) );;(expseq "," expseq)
       (hashvals (id "=>" exp1) (hashvals "," hashvals))
       (insts-rescue-insts (insts)
                           (insts-rescue-insts "rescue" insts-rescue-insts)
                           (insts-rescue-insts "ensure" insts-rescue-insts))
       (itheni (insts) (exp "then" insts))
       (ielsei (itheni) (itheni "else" insts))
       (if-body (ielsei) (if-body "elsif" if-body)))
     '((nonassoc "in") (assoc ";") (right " @ ")
       (assoc ",") (right "=") (assoc "."))
     '((assoc "when"))
     '((assoc "elsif"))
     '((assoc "rescue" "ensure"))
     '((assoc ",")))

    (smie-precs->prec2
     '((right "=")
       (right "+=" "-=" "*=" "/=" "%=" "**=" "&=" "|=" "^="
              "<<=" ">>=" "&&=" "||=")
       (left ".." "...")
       (left "+" "-")
       (left "*" "/" "%" "**")
       ;; (left "|") ; FIXME: Conflicts with | after block parameters.
       (left "^" "&")
       (nonassoc "<=>")
       (nonassoc ">" ">=" "<" "<=")
       (nonassoc "==" "===" "!=")
       (nonassoc "=~" "!~")
       (left "<<" ">>")
       (left "&&" "||"))))))

(defun ruby-smie--bosp ()
  (save-excursion (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                  (or (bolp) (memq (char-before) '(?\; ?=)))))

(defun ruby-smie--implicit-semi-p ()
  (save-excursion
    (skip-chars-backward " \t")
    (not (or (bolp)
             (and (memq (char-before)
                        '(?\; ?- ?+ ?* ?/ ?: ?. ?, ?\[ ?\( ?\{ ?\\ ?& ?> ?< ?% ?~))
                  ;; Make sure it's not the end of a regexp.
                  (not (eq (car (syntax-after (1- (point)))) 7)))
             (and (eq (char-before) ?\?)
                  (equal (save-excursion (ruby-smie--backward-token)) "?"))
             (and (eq (char-before) ?=)
                  (string-match "\\`\\s." (save-excursion
                                            (ruby-smie--backward-token))))
             (and (eq (car (syntax-after (1- (point)))) 2)
                  (equal (save-excursion (ruby-smie--backward-token))
                         "iuwu-mod"))
             (save-excursion
               (forward-comment 1)
               (eq (char-after) ?.))))))

(defun ruby-smie--redundant-do-p (&optional skip)
  (save-excursion
    (if skip (backward-word 1))
    (member (nth 2 (smie-backward-sexp ";")) '("while" "until" "for"))))

(defun ruby-smie--opening-pipe-p ()
  (save-excursion
    (if (eq ?| (char-before)) (forward-char -1))
    (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
    (or (eq ?\{ (char-before))
        (looking-back "\\_<do" (- (point) 2)))))

(defun ruby-smie--args-separator-p (pos)
  (and
   (< pos (line-end-position))
   (or (eq (char-syntax (preceding-char)) '?w)
       ;; FIXME: Check that the preceding token is not a keyword.
       ;; This isn't very important most of the time, though.
       (and (memq (preceding-char) '(?! ??))
            (eq (char-syntax (char-before (1- (point)))) '?w)))
   (or (and (eq (char-syntax (char-after pos)) ?w)
            (not (looking-at (regexp-opt '("unless" "if" "while" "until"
                                           "else" "elsif" "do" "end")
                                         'symbols))))
       (memq (syntax-after pos) '(7 15))
       (save-excursion
         (goto-char pos)
         (looking-at "\\s(\\|[-+!~:]\\sw")))))

(defun ruby-smie--at-dot-call ()
  (and (eq ?w (char-syntax (following-char)))
       (eq (char-before) ?.)
       (not (eq (char-before (1- (point))) ?.))))

(defun ruby-smie--forward-token ()
  (let ((pos (point)))
    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
    (cond
     ((looking-at "\\s\"") "")          ;A heredoc or a string.
     ((and (looking-at "[\n#]")
           (ruby-smie--implicit-semi-p)) ;Only add implicit ; when needed.
      (if (eolp) (forward-char 1) (forward-comment 1))
      ";")
     (t
      (forward-comment (point-max))
      (cond
       ((looking-at ":\\s.+")
        (goto-char (match-end 0)) (match-string 0)) ;; bug#15208.
       ((and (< pos (point))
             (save-excursion
               (ruby-smie--args-separator-p (prog1 (point) (goto-char pos)))))
        " @ ")
       (t
        (let ((dot (ruby-smie--at-dot-call))
              (tok (smie-default-forward-token)))
          (when dot
            (setq tok (concat "." tok)))
          (cond
           ((member tok '("unless" "if" "while" "until"))
            (if (save-excursion (forward-word -1) (ruby-smie--bosp))
                tok "iuwu-mod"))
           ((equal tok "|")
            (if (ruby-smie--opening-pipe-p) "opening-|" tok))
           ((and (equal tok "") (looking-at "\\\\\n"))
            (goto-char (match-end 0)) (ruby-smie--forward-token))
           ((equal tok "do")
            (cond
             ((not (ruby-smie--redundant-do-p 'skip)) tok)
             ((> (save-excursion (forward-comment (point-max)) (point))
                 (line-end-position))
              (ruby-smie--forward-token)) ;Fully redundant.
             (t ";")))
           (t tok)))))))))

(defun ruby-smie--backward-token ()
  (let ((pos (point)))
    (forward-comment (- (point)))
    (cond
     ((and (> pos (line-end-position)) (ruby-smie--implicit-semi-p))
      (skip-chars-forward " \t") ";")
     ((and (bolp) (not (bobp))) "")         ;Presumably a heredoc.
     ((and (> pos (point)) (not (bolp))
           (ruby-smie--args-separator-p pos))
      ;; We have "ID SPC ID", which is a method call, but it binds less tightly
      ;; than commas, since a method call can also be "ID ARG1, ARG2, ARG3".
      ;; In some textbooks, "e1 @ e2" is used to mean "call e1 with arg e2".
      " @ ")
     (t
      (let ((tok (smie-default-backward-token))
            (dot (ruby-smie--at-dot-call)))
        (when dot
          (setq tok (concat "." tok)))
        (when (and (eq ?: (char-before)) (string-match "\\`\\s." tok))
          (forward-char -1) (setq tok (concat ":" tok))) ;; bug#15208.
        (cond
         ((member tok '("unless" "if" "while" "until"))
          (if (ruby-smie--bosp)
              tok "iuwu-mod"))
         ((equal tok "|")
          (if (ruby-smie--opening-pipe-p) "opening-|" tok))
         ((and (equal tok "") (eq ?\\ (char-before)) (looking-at "\n"))
          (forward-char -1) (ruby-smie--backward-token))
         ((equal tok "do")
          (cond
           ((not (ruby-smie--redundant-do-p)) tok)
           ((> (save-excursion (forward-word 1)
                               (forward-comment (point-max)) (point))
               (line-end-position))
            (ruby-smie--backward-token)) ;Fully redundant.
           (t ";")))
         (t tok)))))))

(defun ruby-smie-rules (kind token)
  (pcase (cons kind token)
    (`(:elem . basic) ruby-indent-level)
    ;; "foo" "bar" is the concatenation of the two strings, so the second
    ;; should be aligned with the first.
    (`(:elem . args) (if (looking-at "\\s\"") 0))
    ;; (`(:after . ",") (smie-rule-separator kind))
    (`(:before . ";")
     (cond
      ((smie-rule-parent-p "def" "begin" "do" "class" "module" "for"
                           "while" "until" "unless"
                           "if" "then" "elsif" "else" "when"
                           "rescue" "ensure" "{")
       (smie-rule-parent ruby-indent-level))
      ;; For (invalid) code between switch and case.
      ;; (if (smie-parent-p "switch") 4)
      ))
    (`(:before . ,(or `"(" `"[" `"{"))
     (cond
      ((and (equal token "{")
            (not (smie-rule-prev-p "(" "{" "[" "," "=>" "=" "return" ";")))
       ;; Curly block opener.
       (smie-rule-parent))
      ((smie-rule-hanging-p)
       ;; Treat purely syntactic block-constructs as being part of their parent,
       ;; when the opening statement is hanging.
       (let ((state (smie-backward-sexp 'halfsexp)))
         (when (eq t (car state)) (goto-char (cadr state))))
       (cons 'column  (smie-indent-virtual)))))
    (`(:after . ,(or "=" "iuwu-mod")) 2)
    (`(:after . " @ ") (smie-rule-parent))
    (`(:before . "do") (smie-rule-parent))
    (`(,(or :before :after) . ".")
     (unless (smie-rule-parent-p ".")
       (smie-rule-parent ruby-indent-level)))
    (`(:before . ,(or `"else" `"then" `"elsif" `"rescue" `"ensure")) 0)
    (`(:before . ,(or `"when"))
     (if (not (smie-rule-sibling-p)) 0)) ;; ruby-indent-level
    (`(:after . "+")       ;FIXME: Probably applicable to most infix operators.
     (if (smie-rule-parent-p ";") ruby-indent-level))
    ))

(defun ruby-imenu-create-index-in-block (prefix beg end)
  "Create an imenu index of methods inside a block."
  (let ((index-alist '()) (case-fold-search nil)
        name next pos decl sing)
    (goto-char beg)
    (while (re-search-forward "^\\s *\\(\\(class\\s +\\|\\(class\\s *<<\\s *\\)\\|module\\s +\\)\\([^\(<\n ]+\\)\\|\\(def\\|alias\\)\\s +\\([^\(\n ]+\\)\\)" end t)
      (setq sing (match-beginning 3))
      (setq decl (match-string 5))
      (setq next (match-end 0))
      (setq name (or (match-string 4) (match-string 6)))
      (setq pos (match-beginning 0))
      (cond
       ((string= "alias" decl)
        (if prefix (setq name (concat prefix name)))
        (push (cons name pos) index-alist))
       ((string= "def" decl)
        (if prefix
            (setq name
                  (cond
                   ((string-match "^self\." name)
                    (concat (substring prefix 0 -1) (substring name 4)))
                  (t (concat prefix name)))))
        (push (cons name pos) index-alist)
        (ruby-accurate-end-of-block end))
       (t
        (if (string= "self" name)
            (if prefix (setq name (substring prefix 0 -1)))
          (if prefix (setq name (concat (substring prefix 0 -1) "::" name)))
          (push (cons name pos) index-alist))
        (ruby-accurate-end-of-block end)
        (setq beg (point))
        (setq index-alist
              (nconc (ruby-imenu-create-index-in-block
                      (concat name (if sing "." "#"))
                      next beg) index-alist))
        (goto-char beg))))
    index-alist))

(defun ruby-imenu-create-index ()
  "Create an imenu index of all methods in the buffer."
  (nreverse (ruby-imenu-create-index-in-block nil (point-min) nil)))

(defun ruby-accurate-end-of-block (&optional end)
  "TODO: document."
  (let (state
        (end (or end (point-max))))
    (while (and (setq state (apply 'ruby-parse-partial end state))
                (>= (nth 2 state) 0) (< (point) end)))))

(defun ruby-mode-variables ()
  "Set up initial buffer-local variables for Ruby mode."
  (set-syntax-table ruby-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq local-abbrev-table ruby-mode-abbrev-table)
  (setq indent-tabs-mode ruby-indent-tabs-mode)
  (if ruby-use-smie
      (smie-setup ruby-smie-grammar #'ruby-smie-rules
                  :forward-token  #'ruby-smie--forward-token
                  :backward-token #'ruby-smie--backward-token)
    (setq-local indent-line-function 'ruby-indent-line))
  (setq-local require-final-newline t)
  (setq-local comment-start "# ")
  (setq-local comment-end "")
  (setq-local comment-column ruby-comment-column)
  (setq-local comment-start-skip "#+ *")
  (setq-local parse-sexp-ignore-comments t)
  (setq-local parse-sexp-lookup-properties t)
  (setq-local paragraph-start (concat "$\\|" page-delimiter))
  (setq-local paragraph-separate paragraph-start)
  (setq-local paragraph-ignore-fill-prefix t))

(defun ruby-mode-set-encoding ()
  "Insert a magic comment header with the proper encoding if necessary."
  (save-excursion
    (widen)
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (when (re-search-forward "[^\0-\177]" nil t)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (let ((coding-system
             (or save-buffer-coding-system
                 buffer-file-coding-system)))
        (if coding-system
            (setq coding-system
                  (or (coding-system-get coding-system 'mime-charset)
                      (coding-system-change-eol-conversion coding-system nil))))
        (setq coding-system
              (if coding-system
                  (symbol-name
                   (if ruby-use-encoding-map
                       (let ((elt (assq coding-system ruby-encoding-map)))
                         (if elt (cdr elt) coding-system))
                     coding-system))
                "ascii-8bit"))
        (when coding-system
          (if (looking-at "^#!") (beginning-of-line 2))
          (cond ((looking-at "\\s *#.*-\*-\\s *\\(en\\)?coding\\s *:\\s *\\([-a-z0-9_]*\\)\\s *\\(;\\|-\*-\\)")
                 (unless (string= (match-string 2) coding-system)
                   (goto-char (match-beginning 2))
                   (delete-region (point) (match-end 2))
                   (and (looking-at "-\*-")
                        (let ((n (skip-chars-backward " ")))
                          (cond ((= n 0) (insert "  ") (backward-char))
                                ((= n -1) (insert " "))
                                ((forward-char)))))
                   (insert coding-system)))
                ((looking-at "\\s *#.*coding\\s *[:=]"))
                (t (when ruby-insert-encoding-magic-comment
                     (insert "# -*- coding: " coding-system " -*-\n"))))
          (when (buffer-modified-p)
            (basic-save-buffer-1)))))))

(defun ruby-current-indentation ()
  "Return the indentation level of current line."
  (save-excursion
    (beginning-of-line)
    (back-to-indentation)
    (current-column)))

(defun ruby-indent-line (&optional ignored)
  "Correct the indentation of the current Ruby line."
  (interactive)
  (ruby-indent-to (ruby-calculate-indent)))

(defun ruby-indent-to (column)
  "Indent the current line to COLUMN."
  (when column
    (let (shift top beg)
      (and (< column 0) (error "invalid nest"))
      (setq shift (current-column))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (setq beg (point))
      (back-to-indentation)
      (setq top (current-column))
      (skip-chars-backward " \t")
      (if (>= shift top) (setq shift (- shift top))
        (setq shift 0))
      (if (and (bolp)
               (= column top))
          (move-to-column (+ column shift))
        (move-to-column top)
        (delete-region beg (point))
        (beginning-of-line)
        (indent-to column)
        (move-to-column (+ column shift))))))

(defun ruby-special-char-p (&optional pos)
  "Return t if the character before POS is a special character.
If omitted, POS defaults to the current point.
Special characters are `?', `$', `:' when preceded by whitespace,
and `\\' when preceded by `?'."
  (setq pos (or pos (point)))
  (let ((c (char-before pos)) (b (and (< (point-min) pos)
				      (char-before (1- pos)))))
    (cond ((or (eq c ??) (eq c ?$)))
          ((and (eq c ?:) (or (not b) (eq (char-syntax b) ? ))))
          ((eq c ?\\) (eq b ??)))))

(defun ruby-singleton-class-p (&optional pos)
  (save-excursion
    (when pos (goto-char pos))
    (forward-word -1)
    (and (or (bolp) (not (eq (char-before (point)) ?_)))
         (looking-at ruby-singleton-class-re))))

(defun ruby-expr-beg (&optional option)
  "Check if point is possibly at the beginning of an expression.
OPTION specifies the type of the expression.
Can be one of `heredoc', `modifier', `expr-qstr', `expr-re'."
  (save-excursion
    (store-match-data nil)
    (let ((space (skip-chars-backward " \t"))
          (start (point)))
      (cond
       ((bolp) t)
       ((progn
          (forward-char -1)
          (and (looking-at "\\?")
               (or (eq (char-syntax (char-before (point))) ?w)
                   (ruby-special-char-p))))
        nil)
       ((looking-at ruby-operator-re))
       ((eq option 'heredoc)
        (and (< space 0) (not (ruby-singleton-class-p start))))
       ((or (looking-at "[\\[({,;]")
            (and (looking-at "[!?]")
                 (or (not (eq option 'modifier))
                     (bolp)
                     (save-excursion (forward-char -1) (looking-at "\\Sw$"))))
            (and (looking-at ruby-symbol-re)
                 (skip-chars-backward ruby-symbol-chars)
                 (cond
                  ((looking-at (regexp-opt
                                (append ruby-block-beg-keywords
                                        ruby-block-op-keywords
                                        ruby-block-mid-keywords)
                                'words))
                   (goto-char (match-end 0))
                   (not (looking-at "\\s_\\|!")))
                  ((eq option 'expr-qstr)
                   (looking-at "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-z0-9_]* +%[^ \t]"))
                  ((eq option 'expr-re)
                   (looking-at "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-z0-9_]* +/[^ \t]"))
                  (t nil)))))))))

(defun ruby-forward-string (term &optional end no-error expand)
  "TODO: document."
  (let ((n 1) (c (string-to-char term))
        (re (if expand
                (concat "[^\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\([" term "]\\|\\(#{\\)\\)")
              (concat "[^\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*[" term "]"))))
    (while (and (re-search-forward re end no-error)
                (if (match-beginning 3)
                    (ruby-forward-string "}{" end no-error nil)
                  (> (setq n (if (eq (char-before (point)) c)
                                     (1- n) (1+ n))) 0)))
      (forward-char -1))
    (cond ((zerop n))
          (no-error nil)
          ((error "unterminated string")))))

(defun ruby-deep-indent-paren-p (c)
  "TODO: document."
  (cond ((listp ruby-deep-indent-paren)
         (let ((deep (assoc c ruby-deep-indent-paren)))
           (cond (deep
                  (or (cdr deep) ruby-deep-indent-paren-style))
                 ((memq c ruby-deep-indent-paren)
                  ruby-deep-indent-paren-style))))
        ((eq c ruby-deep-indent-paren) ruby-deep-indent-paren-style)
        ((eq c ?\( ) ruby-deep-arglist)))

(defun ruby-parse-partial (&optional end in-string nest depth pcol indent)
  "TODO: document throughout function body."
  (or depth (setq depth 0))
  (or indent (setq indent 0))
  (when (re-search-forward ruby-delimiter end 'move)
    (let ((pnt (point)) w re expand)
      (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
      (cond
       ((and (memq (char-before) '(?@ ?$)) (looking-at "\\sw"))
        (goto-char pnt))
       ((looking-at "[\"`]")            ;skip string
        (cond
         ((and (not (eobp))
               (ruby-forward-string (buffer-substring (point) (1+ (point))) end t t))
          nil)
         (t
          (setq in-string (point))
          (goto-char end))))
       ((looking-at "'")
        (cond
         ((and (not (eobp))
               (re-search-forward "[^\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*'" end t))
          nil)
         (t
          (setq in-string (point))
          (goto-char end))))
       ((looking-at "/=")
        (goto-char pnt))
       ((looking-at "/")
        (cond
         ((and (not (eobp)) (ruby-expr-beg 'expr-re))
          (if (ruby-forward-string "/" end t t)
              nil
            (setq in-string (point))
            (goto-char end)))
         (t
          (goto-char pnt))))
       ((looking-at "%")
        (cond
         ((and (not (eobp))
               (ruby-expr-beg 'expr-qstr)
               (not (looking-at "%="))
               (looking-at "%[QqrxWw]?\\([^a-zA-Z0-9 \t\n]\\)"))
          (goto-char (match-beginning 1))
          (setq expand (not (memq (char-before) '(?q ?w))))
          (setq w (match-string 1))
          (cond
           ((string= w "[") (setq re "]["))
           ((string= w "{") (setq re "}{"))
           ((string= w "(") (setq re ")("))
           ((string= w "<") (setq re "><"))
           ((and expand (string= w "\\"))
            (setq w (concat "\\" w))))
          (unless (cond (re (ruby-forward-string re end t expand))
                        (expand (ruby-forward-string w end t t))
                        (t (re-search-forward
                            (if (string= w "\\")
                                "\\\\[^\\]*\\\\"
                              (concat "[^\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*" w))
                            end t)))
            (setq in-string (point))
            (goto-char end)))
         (t
          (goto-char pnt))))
       ((looking-at "\\?")              ;skip ?char
        (cond
         ((and (ruby-expr-beg)
               (looking-at "?\\(\\\\C-\\|\\\\M-\\)*\\\\?."))
          (goto-char (match-end 0)))
         (t
          (goto-char pnt))))
       ((looking-at "\\$")              ;skip $char
        (goto-char pnt)
        (forward-char 1))
       ((looking-at "#")                ;skip comment
        (forward-line 1)
        (goto-char (point))
        )
       ((looking-at "[\\[{(]")
        (let ((deep (ruby-deep-indent-paren-p (char-after))))
          (if (and deep (or (not (eq (char-after) ?\{)) (ruby-expr-beg)))
              (progn
                (and (eq deep 'space) (looking-at ".\\s +[^# \t\n]")
                     (setq pnt (1- (match-end 0))))
                (setq nest (cons (cons (char-after (point)) pnt) nest))
                (setq pcol (cons (cons pnt depth) pcol))
                (setq depth 0))
            (setq nest (cons (cons (char-after (point)) pnt) nest))
            (setq depth (1+ depth))))
        (goto-char pnt)
        )
       ((looking-at "[])}]")
        (if (ruby-deep-indent-paren-p (matching-paren (char-after)))
            (setq depth (cdr (car pcol)) pcol (cdr pcol))
          (setq depth (1- depth)))
        (setq nest (cdr nest))
        (goto-char pnt))
       ((looking-at ruby-block-end-re)
        (if (or (and (not (bolp))
                     (progn
                       (forward-char -1)
                       (setq w (char-after (point)))
                       (or (eq ?_ w)
                           (eq ?. w))))
                (progn
                  (goto-char pnt)
                  (setq w (char-after (point)))
                  (or (eq ?_ w)
                      (eq ?! w)
                      (eq ?? w))))
            nil
          (setq nest (cdr nest))
          (setq depth (1- depth)))
        (goto-char pnt))
       ((looking-at "def\\s +[^(\n;]*")
        (if (or (bolp)
                (progn
                  (forward-char -1)
                  (not (eq ?_ (char-after (point))))))
            (progn
              (setq nest (cons (cons nil pnt) nest))
              (setq depth (1+ depth))))
        (goto-char (match-end 0)))
       ((looking-at (concat "\\_<\\(" ruby-block-beg-re "\\)\\_>"))
        (and
         (save-match-data
           (or (not (looking-at "do\\_>"))
               (save-excursion
                 (back-to-indentation)
                 (not (looking-at ruby-non-block-do-re)))))
         (or (bolp)
             (progn
               (forward-char -1)
               (setq w (char-after (point)))
               (not (or (eq ?_ w)
                        (eq ?. w)))))
         (goto-char pnt)
         (not (eq ?! (char-after (point))))
         (skip-chars-forward " \t")
         (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
         (or (not (looking-at ruby-modifier-re))
             (ruby-expr-beg 'modifier))
         (goto-char pnt)
         (setq nest (cons (cons nil pnt) nest))
         (setq depth (1+ depth)))
        (goto-char pnt))
       ((looking-at ":\\(['\"]\\)")
        (goto-char (match-beginning 1))
        (ruby-forward-string (match-string 1) end t))
       ((looking-at ":\\([-,.+*/%&|^~<>]=?\\|===?\\|<=>\\|![~=]?\\)")
        (goto-char (match-end 0)))
       ((looking-at ":\\([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*[!?=]?\\)?")
        (goto-char (match-end 0)))
       ((or (looking-at "\\.\\.\\.?")
            (looking-at "\\.[0-9]+")
            (looking-at "\\.[a-zA-Z_0-9]+")
            (looking-at "\\."))
        (goto-char (match-end 0)))
       ((looking-at "^=begin")
        (if (re-search-forward "^=end" end t)
            (forward-line 1)
          (setq in-string (match-end 0))
          (goto-char end)))
       ((looking-at "<<")
        (cond
         ((and (ruby-expr-beg 'heredoc)
               (looking-at "<<\\(-\\)?\\(\\([\"'`]\\)\\([^\n]+?\\)\\3\\|\\(?:\\sw\\|\\s_\\)+\\)"))
          (setq re (regexp-quote (or (match-string 4) (match-string 2))))
          (if (match-beginning 1) (setq re (concat "\\s *" re)))
          (let* ((id-end (goto-char (match-end 0)))
                 (line-end-position (point-at-eol))
                 (state (list in-string nest depth pcol indent)))
            ;; parse the rest of the line
            (while (and (> line-end-position (point))
                        (setq state (apply 'ruby-parse-partial
                                           line-end-position state))))
            (setq in-string (car state)
                  nest (nth 1 state)
                  depth (nth 2 state)
                  pcol (nth 3 state)
                  indent (nth 4 state))
            ;; skip heredoc section
            (if (re-search-forward (concat "^" re "$") end 'move)
                (forward-line 1)
              (setq in-string id-end)
              (goto-char end))))
         (t
          (goto-char pnt))))
       ((looking-at "^__END__$")
        (goto-char pnt))
       ((and (looking-at ruby-here-doc-beg-re)
	     (boundp 'ruby-indent-point))
        (if (re-search-forward (ruby-here-doc-end-match)
                               ruby-indent-point t)
            (forward-line 1)
          (setq in-string (match-end 0))
          (goto-char ruby-indent-point)))
       (t
        (error (format "bad string %s"
                       (buffer-substring (point) pnt)
                       ))))))
  (list in-string nest depth pcol))

(defun ruby-parse-region (start end)
  "TODO: document."
  (let (state)
    (save-excursion
      (if start
          (goto-char start)
        (ruby-beginning-of-indent))
      (save-restriction
        (narrow-to-region (point) end)
        (while (and (> end (point))
                    (setq state (apply 'ruby-parse-partial end state))))))
    (list (nth 0 state)                 ; in-string
          (car (nth 1 state))           ; nest
          (nth 2 state)                 ; depth
          (car (car (nth 3 state)))     ; pcol
          ;(car (nth 5 state))          ; indent
          )))

(defun ruby-indent-size (pos nest)
  "Return the indentation level in spaces NEST levels deeper than POS."
  (+ pos (* (or nest 1) ruby-indent-level)))

(defun ruby-calculate-indent (&optional parse-start)
  "Return the proper indentation level of the current line."
  ;; TODO: Document body
  (save-excursion
    (beginning-of-line)
    (let ((ruby-indent-point (point))
          (case-fold-search nil)
          state eol begin op-end
          (paren (progn (skip-syntax-forward " ")
                        (and (char-after) (matching-paren (char-after)))))
          (indent 0))
      (if parse-start
          (goto-char parse-start)
        (ruby-beginning-of-indent)
        (setq parse-start (point)))
      (back-to-indentation)
      (setq indent (current-column))
      (setq state (ruby-parse-region parse-start ruby-indent-point))
      (cond
       ((nth 0 state)                   ; within string
        (setq indent nil))              ;  do nothing
       ((car (nth 1 state))             ; in paren
        (goto-char (setq begin (cdr (nth 1 state))))
        (let ((deep (ruby-deep-indent-paren-p (car (nth 1 state)))))
          (if deep
              (cond ((and (eq deep t) (eq (car (nth 1 state)) paren))
                     (skip-syntax-backward " ")
                     (setq indent (1- (current-column))))
                    ((let ((s (ruby-parse-region (point) ruby-indent-point)))
                       (and (nth 2 s) (> (nth 2 s) 0)
                            (or (goto-char (cdr (nth 1 s))) t)))
                     (forward-word -1)
                     (setq indent (ruby-indent-size (current-column)
						    (nth 2 state))))
                    (t
                     (setq indent (current-column))
                     (cond ((eq deep 'space))
                           (paren (setq indent (1- indent)))
                           (t (setq indent (ruby-indent-size (1- indent) 1))))))
            (if (nth 3 state) (goto-char (nth 3 state))
              (goto-char parse-start) (back-to-indentation))
            (setq indent (ruby-indent-size (current-column) (nth 2 state))))
          (and (eq (car (nth 1 state)) paren)
               (ruby-deep-indent-paren-p (matching-paren paren))
               (search-backward (char-to-string paren))
               (setq indent (current-column)))))
       ((and (nth 2 state) (> (nth 2 state) 0)) ; in nest
        (if (null (cdr (nth 1 state)))
            (error "invalid nest"))
        (goto-char (cdr (nth 1 state)))
        (forward-word -1)               ; skip back a keyword
        (setq begin (point))
        (cond
         ((looking-at "do\\>[^_]")      ; iter block is a special case
          (if (nth 3 state) (goto-char (nth 3 state))
            (goto-char parse-start) (back-to-indentation))
          (setq indent (ruby-indent-size (current-column) (nth 2 state))))
         (t
          (setq indent (+ (current-column) ruby-indent-level)))))

       ((and (nth 2 state) (< (nth 2 state) 0)) ; in negative nest
        (setq indent (ruby-indent-size (current-column) (nth 2 state)))))
      (when indent
        (goto-char ruby-indent-point)
        (end-of-line)
        (setq eol (point))
        (beginning-of-line)
        (cond
         ((and (not (ruby-deep-indent-paren-p paren))
               (re-search-forward ruby-negative eol t))
          (and (not (eq ?_ (char-after (match-end 0))))
               (setq indent (- indent ruby-indent-level))))
         ((and
           (save-excursion
             (beginning-of-line)
             (not (bobp)))
           (or (ruby-deep-indent-paren-p t)
               (null (car (nth 1 state)))))
          ;; goto beginning of non-empty no-comment line
          (let (end done)
            (while (not done)
              (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
              (setq end (point))
              (beginning-of-line)
              (if (re-search-forward "^\\s *#" end t)
                  (beginning-of-line)
                (setq done t))))
          (end-of-line)
          ;; skip the comment at the end
          (skip-chars-backward " \t")
          (let (end (pos (point)))
            (beginning-of-line)
            (while (and (re-search-forward "#" pos t)
                        (setq end (1- (point)))
                        (or (ruby-special-char-p end)
                            (and (setq state (ruby-parse-region parse-start end))
                                 (nth 0 state))))
              (setq end nil))
            (goto-char (or end pos))
            (skip-chars-backward " \t")
            (setq begin (if (and end (nth 0 state)) pos (cdr (nth 1 state))))
            (setq state (ruby-parse-region parse-start (point))))
          (or (bobp) (forward-char -1))
          (and
           (or (and (looking-at ruby-symbol-re)
                    (skip-chars-backward ruby-symbol-chars)
                    (looking-at (concat "\\<\\(" ruby-block-hanging-re "\\)\\>"))
                    (not (eq (point) (nth 3 state)))
                    (save-excursion
                      (goto-char (match-end 0))
                      (not (looking-at "[a-z_]"))))
               (and (looking-at ruby-operator-re)
                    (not (ruby-special-char-p))
                    (save-excursion
                      (forward-char -1)
                      (or (not (looking-at ruby-operator-re))
                          (not (eq (char-before) ?:))))
                    ;; Operator at the end of line.
                    (let ((c (char-after (point))))
                      (and
;;                     (or (null begin)
;;                         (save-excursion
;;                           (goto-char begin)
;;                           (skip-chars-forward " \t")
;;                           (not (or (eolp) (looking-at "#")
;;                                    (and (eq (car (nth 1 state)) ?{)
;;                                         (looking-at "|"))))))
                       ;; Not a regexp or percent literal.
                       (null (nth 0 (ruby-parse-region (or begin parse-start)
                                                       (point))))
                       (or (not (eq ?| (char-after (point))))
                           (save-excursion
                             (or (eolp) (forward-char -1))
                             (cond
                              ((search-backward "|" nil t)
                               (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
                               (and (not (eolp))
                                    (progn
                                      (forward-char -1)
                                      (not (looking-at "{")))
                                    (progn
                                      (forward-word -1)
                                      (not (looking-at "do\\>[^_]")))))
                              (t t))))
                       (not (eq ?, c))
                       (setq op-end t)))))
           (setq indent
                 (cond
                  ((and
                    (null op-end)
                    (not (looking-at (concat "\\<\\(" ruby-block-hanging-re "\\)\\>")))
                    (eq (ruby-deep-indent-paren-p t) 'space)
                    (not (bobp)))
                   (widen)
                   (goto-char (or begin parse-start))
                   (skip-syntax-forward " ")
                   (current-column))
                  ((car (nth 1 state)) indent)
                  (t
                   (+ indent ruby-indent-level))))))))
      (goto-char ruby-indent-point)
      (beginning-of-line)
      (skip-syntax-forward " ")
      (if (looking-at "\\.[^.]")
          (+ indent ruby-indent-level)
        indent))))

(defun ruby-beginning-of-defun (&optional arg)
  "Move backward to the beginning of the current defun.
With ARG, move backward multiple defuns.  Negative ARG means
move forward."
  (interactive "p")
  (let (case-fold-search)
    (and (re-search-backward (concat "^\\s *" ruby-defun-beg-re "\\_>")
                             nil t (or arg 1))
         (beginning-of-line))))

(defun ruby-end-of-defun ()
  "Move point to the end of the current defun.
The defun begins at or after the point.  This function is called
by `end-of-defun'."
  (interactive "p")
  (ruby-forward-sexp)
  (let (case-fold-search)
    (when (looking-back (concat "^\\s *" ruby-block-end-re))
      (forward-line 1))))

(defun ruby-beginning-of-indent ()
  "Backtrack to a line which can be used as a reference for
calculating indentation on the lines after it."
  (while (and (re-search-backward ruby-indent-beg-re nil 'move)
              (if (ruby-in-ppss-context-p 'anything)
                  t
                ;; We can stop, then.
                (beginning-of-line)))))

(defun ruby-move-to-block (n)
  "Move to the beginning (N < 0) or the end (N > 0) of the
current block, a sibling block, or an outer block.  Do that (abs N) times."
  (back-to-indentation)
  (let ((signum (if (> n 0) 1 -1))
        (backward (< n 0))
        (depth (or (nth 2 (ruby-parse-region (point) (line-end-position))) 0))
        case-fold-search
        down done)
    (when (looking-at ruby-block-mid-re)
      (setq depth (+ depth signum)))
    (when (< (* depth signum) 0)
      ;; Moving end -> end or beginning -> beginning.
      (setq depth 0))
    (dotimes (_ (abs n))
      (setq done nil)
      (setq down (save-excursion
                   (back-to-indentation)
                   ;; There is a block start or block end keyword on this
                   ;; line, don't need to look for another block.
                   (and (re-search-forward
                         (if backward ruby-block-end-re
                           (concat "\\_<\\(" ruby-block-beg-re "\\)\\_>"))
                         (line-end-position) t)
                        (not (nth 8 (syntax-ppss))))))
      (while (and (not done) (not (if backward (bobp) (eobp))))
        (forward-line signum)
        (cond
         ;; Skip empty and commented out lines.
         ((looking-at "^\\s *$"))
         ((looking-at "^\\s *#"))
         ;; Skip block comments;
         ((and (not backward) (looking-at "^=begin\\>"))
          (re-search-forward "^=end\\>"))
         ((and backward (looking-at "^=end\\>"))
          (re-search-backward "^=begin\\>"))
         ;; Jump over a multiline literal.
         ((ruby-in-ppss-context-p 'string)
          (goto-char (nth 8 (syntax-ppss)))
          (unless backward
            (forward-sexp)
            (when (bolp) (forward-char -1)))) ; After a heredoc.
         (t
          (let ((state (ruby-parse-region (point) (line-end-position))))
            (unless (car state) ; Line ends with unfinished string.
              (setq depth (+ (nth 2 state) depth))))
          (cond
           ;; Increased depth, we found a block.
           ((> (* signum depth) 0)
            (setq down t))
           ;; We're at the same depth as when we started, and we've
           ;; encountered a block before.  Stop.
           ((and down (zerop depth))
            (setq done t))
           ;; Lower depth, means outer block, can stop now.
           ((< (* signum depth) 0)
            (setq done t)))))))
    (back-to-indentation)))

(defun ruby-beginning-of-block (&optional arg)
  "Move backward to the beginning of the current block.
With ARG, move up multiple blocks."
  (interactive "p")
  (ruby-move-to-block (- (or arg 1))))

(defun ruby-end-of-block (&optional arg)
  "Move forward to the end of the current block.
With ARG, move out of multiple blocks."
  (interactive "p")
  (ruby-move-to-block (or arg 1)))

(defun ruby-forward-sexp (&optional arg)
  "Move forward across one balanced expression (sexp).
With ARG, do it many times.  Negative ARG means move backward."
  ;; TODO: Document body
  (interactive "p")
  (cond
   (ruby-use-smie (forward-sexp arg))
   ((and (numberp arg) (< arg 0)) (ruby-backward-sexp (- arg)))
   (t
    (let ((i (or arg 1)))
      (condition-case nil
          (while (> i 0)
            (skip-syntax-forward " ")
	    (if (looking-at ",\\s *") (goto-char (match-end 0)))
            (cond ((looking-at "\\?\\(\\\\[CM]-\\)*\\\\?\\S ")
                   (goto-char (match-end 0)))
                  ((progn
                     (skip-chars-forward ",.:;|&^~=!?\\+\\-\\*")
                     (looking-at "\\s("))
                   (goto-char (scan-sexps (point) 1)))
                  ((and (looking-at (concat "\\<\\(" ruby-block-beg-re "\\)\\>"))
                        (not (eq (char-before (point)) ?.))
                        (not (eq (char-before (point)) ?:)))
                   (ruby-end-of-block)
                   (forward-word 1))
                  ((looking-at "\\(\\$\\|@@?\\)?\\sw")
                   (while (progn
                            (while (progn (forward-word 1) (looking-at "_")))
                            (cond ((looking-at "::") (forward-char 2) t)
                                  ((> (skip-chars-forward ".") 0))
                                  ((looking-at "\\?\\|!\\(=[~=>]\\|[^~=]\\)")
                                   (forward-char 1) nil)))))
                  ((let (state expr)
                     (while
                         (progn
                           (setq expr (or expr (ruby-expr-beg)
                                          (looking-at "%\\sw?\\Sw\\|[\"'`/]")))
                           (nth 1 (setq state (apply 'ruby-parse-partial nil state))))
                       (setq expr t)
                       (skip-chars-forward "<"))
                     (not expr))))
            (setq i (1- i)))
        ((error) (forward-word 1)))
      i))))

(defun ruby-backward-sexp (&optional arg)
  "Move backward across one balanced expression (sexp).
With ARG, do it many times.  Negative ARG means move forward."
  ;; TODO: Document body
  (interactive "p")
  (cond
   (ruby-use-smie (backward-sexp arg))
   ((and (numberp arg) (< arg 0)) (ruby-forward-sexp (- arg)))
   (t
    (let ((i (or arg 1)))
      (condition-case nil
          (while (> i 0)
            (skip-chars-backward " \t\n,.:;|&^~=!?\\+\\-\\*")
            (forward-char -1)
            (cond ((looking-at "\\s)")
                   (goto-char (scan-sexps (1+ (point)) -1))
                   (case (char-before)
                     (?% (forward-char -1))
                     ((?q ?Q ?w ?W ?r ?x)
                      (if (eq (char-before (1- (point))) ?%) (forward-char -2))))
                   nil)
                  ((looking-at "\\s\"\\|\\\\\\S_")
                   (let ((c (char-to-string (char-before (match-end 0)))))
                     (while (and (search-backward c)
				 (eq (logand (skip-chars-backward "\\") 1)
				     1))))
                   nil)
                  ((looking-at "\\s.\\|\\s\\")
                   (if (ruby-special-char-p) (forward-char -1)))
                  ((looking-at "\\s(") nil)
                  (t
                   (forward-char 1)
                   (while (progn (forward-word -1)
                                 (case (char-before)
                                   (?_ t)
                                   (?. (forward-char -1) t)
                                   ((?$ ?@)
                                    (forward-char -1)
                                    (and (eq (char-before) (char-after)) (forward-char -1)))
                                   (?:
                                    (forward-char -1)
                                    (eq (char-before) :)))))
                   (if (looking-at ruby-block-end-re)
                       (ruby-beginning-of-block))
                   nil))
            (setq i (1- i)))
        ((error)))
      i))))

(defun ruby-indent-exp (&optional ignored)
  "Indent each line in the balanced expression following the point."
  (interactive "*P")
  (let ((here (point-marker)) start top column (nest t))
    (set-marker-insertion-type here t)
    (unwind-protect
        (progn
          (beginning-of-line)
          (setq start (point) top (current-indentation))
          (while (and (not (eobp))
                      (progn
                        (setq column (ruby-calculate-indent start))
                        (cond ((> column top)
                               (setq nest t))
                              ((and (= column top) nest)
                               (setq nest nil) t))))
            (ruby-indent-to column)
            (beginning-of-line 2)))
      (goto-char here)
      (set-marker here nil))))

(defun ruby-add-log-current-method ()
  "Return the current method name as a string.
This string includes all namespaces.

For example:

  #exit
  String#gsub
  Net::HTTP#active?
  File.open

See `add-log-current-defun-function'."
  (condition-case nil
      (save-excursion
        (let* ((indent 0) mname mlist
               (start (point))
               (make-definition-re
                (lambda (re)
                  (concat "^[ \t]*" re "[ \t]+"
                          "\\("
                          ;; \\. and :: for class methods
                          "\\([A-Za-z_]" ruby-symbol-re "*\\|\\.\\|::" "\\)"
                          "+\\)")))
               (definition-re (funcall make-definition-re ruby-defun-beg-re))
               (module-re (funcall make-definition-re "\\(class\\|module\\)")))
          ;; Get the current method definition (or class/module).
          (when (re-search-backward definition-re nil t)
            (goto-char (match-beginning 1))
            (if (not (string-equal "def" (match-string 1)))
                (setq mlist (list (match-string 2)))
              ;; We're inside the method. For classes and modules,
              ;; this check is skipped for performance.
              (when (ruby-block-contains-point start)
                (setq mname (match-string 2))))
            (setq indent (current-column))
            (beginning-of-line))
          ;; Walk up the class/module nesting.
          (while (and (> indent 0)
                      (re-search-backward module-re nil t))
            (goto-char (match-beginning 1))
            (when (< (current-column) indent)
              (setq mlist (cons (match-string 2) mlist))
              (setq indent (current-column))
              (beginning-of-line)))
          ;; Process the method name.
          (when mname
            (let ((mn (split-string mname "\\.\\|::")))
              (if (cdr mn)
                  (progn
                    (unless (string-equal "self" (car mn)) ; def self.foo
                      ;; def C.foo
                      (let ((ml (nreverse mlist)))
                        ;; If the method name references one of the
                        ;; containing modules, drop the more nested ones.
                        (while ml
                          (if (string-equal (car ml) (car mn))
                              (setq mlist (nreverse (cdr ml)) ml nil))
                          (or (setq ml (cdr ml)) (nreverse mlist))))
                      (if mlist
                          (setcdr (last mlist) (butlast mn))
                        (setq mlist (butlast mn))))
                    (setq mname (concat "." (car (last mn)))))
                ;; See if the method is in singleton class context.
                (let ((in-singleton-class
                       (when (re-search-forward ruby-singleton-class-re start t)
                         (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
                         ;; FIXME: Optimize it out, too?
                         ;; This can be slow in a large file, but
                         ;; unlike class/module declaration
                         ;; indentations, method definitions can be
                         ;; intermixed with these, and may or may not
                         ;; be additionally indented after visibility
                         ;; keywords.
                         (ruby-block-contains-point start))))
                  (setq mname (concat
                               (if in-singleton-class "." "#")
                               mname))))))
          ;; Generate the string.
          (if (consp mlist)
              (setq mlist (mapconcat (function identity) mlist "::")))
          (if mname
              (if mlist (concat mlist mname) mname)
            mlist)))))

(defun ruby-block-contains-point (pt)
  (save-excursion
    (save-match-data
      (ruby-forward-sexp)
      (> (point) pt))))

(defun ruby-brace-to-do-end (orig end)
  (let (beg-marker end-marker)
    (goto-char end)
    (when (eq (char-before) ?\})
      (delete-char -1)
      (when (save-excursion
              (skip-chars-backward " \t")
              (not (bolp)))
        (insert "\n"))
      (insert "end")
      (setq end-marker (point-marker))
      (when (and (not (eobp)) (eq (char-syntax (char-after)) ?w))
        (insert " "))
      (goto-char orig)
      (delete-char 1)
      (when (eq (char-syntax (char-before)) ?w)
        (insert " "))
      (insert "do")
      (setq beg-marker (point-marker))
      (when (looking-at "\\(\\s \\)*|")
        (unless (match-beginning 1)
          (insert " "))
        (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))
        (search-forward "|"))
      (unless (looking-at "\\s *$")
        (insert "\n"))
      (indent-region beg-marker end-marker)
      (goto-char beg-marker)
      t)))

(defun ruby-do-end-to-brace (orig end)
  (let (beg-marker end-marker beg-pos end-pos)
    (goto-char (- end 3))
    (when (looking-at ruby-block-end-re)
      (delete-char 3)
      (setq end-marker (point-marker))
      (insert "}")
      (goto-char orig)
      (delete-char 2)
      ;; Maybe this should be customizable, let's see if anyone asks.
      (insert "{ ")
      (setq beg-marker (point-marker))
      (when (looking-at "\\s +|")
        (delete-char (- (match-end 0) (match-beginning 0) 1))
        (forward-char)
        (re-search-forward "|" (line-end-position) t))
      (save-excursion
        (skip-chars-forward " \t\n\r")
        (setq beg-pos (point))
        (goto-char end-marker)
        (skip-chars-backward " \t\n\r")
        (setq end-pos (point)))
      (when (or
             (< end-pos beg-pos)
             (and (= (line-number-at-pos beg-pos) (line-number-at-pos end-pos))
                  (< (+ (current-column) (- end-pos beg-pos) 2) fill-column)))
        (just-one-space -1)
        (goto-char end-marker)
        (just-one-space -1))
      (goto-char beg-marker)
      t)))

(defun ruby-toggle-block ()
  "Toggle block type from do-end to braces or back.
The block must begin on the current line or above it and end after the point.
If the result is do-end block, it will always be multiline."
  (interactive)
  (let ((start (point)) beg end)
    (end-of-line)
    (unless
        (if (and (re-search-backward "\\({\\)\\|\\_<do\\(\\s \\|$\\||\\)")
                 (progn
                   (setq beg (point))
                   (save-match-data (ruby-forward-sexp))
                   (setq end (point))
                   (> end start)))
            (if (match-beginning 1)
                (ruby-brace-to-do-end beg end)
              (ruby-do-end-to-brace beg end)))
      (goto-char start))))

(declare-function ruby-syntax-propertize-heredoc "ruby-mode" (limit))
(declare-function ruby-syntax-enclosing-percent-literal "ruby-mode" (limit))
(declare-function ruby-syntax-propertize-percent-literal "ruby-mode" (limit))
;; Unusual code layout confuses the byte-compiler.
(declare-function ruby-syntax-propertize-expansion "ruby-mode" ())
(declare-function ruby-syntax-expansion-allowed-p "ruby-mode" (parse-state))
(declare-function ruby-syntax-propertize-function "ruby-mode" (start end))

(if (eval-when-compile (fboundp #'syntax-propertize-rules))
    ;; New code that works independently from font-lock.
    (progn
      (eval-and-compile
        (defconst ruby-percent-literal-beg-re
          "\\(%\\)[qQrswWxIi]?\\([[:punct:]]\\)"
          "Regexp to match the beginning of percent literal.")

        (defconst ruby-syntax-methods-before-regexp
          '("gsub" "gsub!" "sub" "sub!" "scan" "split" "split!" "index" "match"
            "assert_match" "Given" "Then" "When")
          "Methods that can take regexp as the first argument.
It will be properly highlighted even when the call omits parens.")

        (defvar ruby-syntax-before-regexp-re
          (concat
           ;; Special tokens that can't be followed by a division operator.
           "\\(^\\|[[=(,~;<>]"
           ;; Distinguish ternary operator tokens.
           ;; FIXME: They don't really have to be separated with spaces.
           "\\|[?:] "
           ;; Control flow keywords and operators following bol or whitespace.
           "\\|\\(?:^\\|\\s \\)"
           (regexp-opt '("if" "elsif" "unless" "while" "until" "when" "and"
                         "or" "not" "&&" "||"))
           ;; Method name from the list.
           "\\|\\_<"
           (regexp-opt ruby-syntax-methods-before-regexp)
           "\\)\\s *")
          "Regexp to match text that can be followed by a regular expression."))

      (defun ruby-syntax-propertize-function (start end)
        "Syntactic keywords for Ruby mode.  See `syntax-propertize-function'."
        (let (case-fold-search)
          (goto-char start)
          (remove-text-properties start end '(ruby-expansion-match-data))
          (ruby-syntax-propertize-heredoc end)
          (ruby-syntax-enclosing-percent-literal end)
          (funcall
           (syntax-propertize-rules
            ;; $' $" $` .... are variables.
            ;; ?' ?" ?` are character literals (one-char strings in 1.9+).
            ("\\([?$]\\)[#\"'`]"
             (1 (unless (save-excursion
                          ;; Not within a string.
                          (nth 3 (syntax-ppss (match-beginning 0))))
                  (string-to-syntax "\\"))))
            ;; Regular expressions.  Start with matching unescaped slash.
            ("\\(?:\\=\\|[^\\]\\)\\(?:\\\\\\\\\\)*\\(/\\)"
             (1 (let ((state (save-excursion (syntax-ppss (match-beginning 1)))))
                  (when (or
                         ;; Beginning of a regexp.
                         (and (null (nth 8 state))
                              (save-excursion
                                (forward-char -1)
                                (looking-back ruby-syntax-before-regexp-re
                                              (point-at-bol))))
                         ;; End of regexp.  We don't match the whole
                         ;; regexp at once because it can have
                         ;; string interpolation inside, or span
                         ;; several lines.
                         (eq ?/ (nth 3 state)))
                    (string-to-syntax "\"/")))))
            ;; Expression expansions in strings.  We're handling them
            ;; here, so that the regexp rule never matches inside them.
            (ruby-expression-expansion-re
             (0 (ignore (ruby-syntax-propertize-expansion))))
            ("^=en\\(d\\)\\_>" (1 "!"))
            ("^\\(=\\)begin\\_>" (1 "!"))
            ;; Handle here documents.
            ((concat ruby-here-doc-beg-re ".*\\(\n\\)")
             (7 (unless (or (nth 8 (save-excursion
                                     (syntax-ppss (match-beginning 0))))
                            (ruby-singleton-class-p (match-beginning 0)))
                  (put-text-property (match-beginning 7) (match-end 7)
                                     'syntax-table (string-to-syntax "\""))
                  (ruby-syntax-propertize-heredoc end))))
            ;; Handle percent literals: %w(), %q{}, etc.
            ((concat "\\(?:^\\|[[ \t\n<+(,=]\\)" ruby-percent-literal-beg-re)
             (1 (prog1 "|" (ruby-syntax-propertize-percent-literal end)))))
           (point) end)))

      (defun ruby-syntax-propertize-heredoc (limit)
        (let ((ppss (syntax-ppss))
              (res '()))
          (when (eq ?\n (nth 3 ppss))
            (save-excursion
              (goto-char (nth 8 ppss))
              (beginning-of-line)
              (while (re-search-forward ruby-here-doc-beg-re
                                        (line-end-position) t)
                (unless (ruby-singleton-class-p (match-beginning 0))
                  (push (concat (ruby-here-doc-end-match) "\n") res))))
            (save-excursion
              ;; With multiple openers on the same line, we don't know in which
              ;; part `start' is, so we have to go back to the beginning.
              (when (cdr res)
                (goto-char (nth 8 ppss))
                (setq res (nreverse res)))
              (while (and res (re-search-forward (pop res) limit 'move))
                (if (null res)
                    (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point)
                                       'syntax-table (string-to-syntax "\""))))
              ;; End up at bol following the heredoc openers.
              ;; Propertize expression expansions from this point forward.
              ))))

      (defun ruby-syntax-enclosing-percent-literal (limit)
        (let ((state (syntax-ppss))
              (start (point)))
          ;; When already inside percent literal, re-propertize it.
          (when (eq t (nth 3 state))
            (goto-char (nth 8 state))
            (when (looking-at ruby-percent-literal-beg-re)
              (ruby-syntax-propertize-percent-literal limit))
            (when (< (point) start) (goto-char start)))))

      (defun ruby-syntax-propertize-percent-literal (limit)
        (goto-char (match-beginning 2))
        ;; Not inside a simple string or comment.
        (when (eq t (nth 3 (syntax-ppss)))
          (let* ((op (char-after))
                 (ops (char-to-string op))
                 (cl (or (cdr (aref (syntax-table) op))
                         (cdr (assoc op '((?< . ?>))))))
                 parse-sexp-lookup-properties)
            (save-excursion
              (condition-case nil
                  (progn
                    (if cl              ; Paired delimiters.
                        ;; Delimiter pairs of the same kind can be nested
                        ;; inside the literal, as long as they are balanced.
                        ;; Create syntax table that ignores other characters.
                        (with-syntax-table (make-char-table 'syntax-table nil)
                          (modify-syntax-entry op (concat "(" (char-to-string cl)))
                          (modify-syntax-entry cl (concat ")" ops))
                          (modify-syntax-entry ?\\ "\\")
                          (save-restriction
                            (narrow-to-region (point) limit)
                            (forward-list))) ; skip to the paired character
                      ;; Single character delimiter.
                      (re-search-forward (concat "[^\\]\\(?:\\\\\\\\\\)*"
                                                 (regexp-quote ops)) limit nil))
                    ;; Found the closing delimiter.
                    (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) 'syntax-table
                                       (string-to-syntax "|")))
                ;; Unclosed literal, do nothing.
                ((scan-error search-failed)))))))

      (defun ruby-syntax-propertize-expansion ()
        ;; Save the match data to a text property, for font-locking later.
        ;; Set the syntax of all double quotes and backticks to punctuation.
        (let* ((beg (match-beginning 2))
               (end (match-end 2))
               (state (and beg (save-excursion (syntax-ppss beg)))))
          (when (ruby-syntax-expansion-allowed-p state)
            (put-text-property beg (1+ beg) 'ruby-expansion-match-data
                               (match-data))
            (goto-char beg)
            (while (re-search-forward "[\"`]" end 'move)
              (put-text-property (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)
                                 'syntax-table (string-to-syntax "."))))))

      (defun ruby-syntax-expansion-allowed-p (parse-state)
        "Return non-nil if expression expansion is allowed."
        (let ((term (nth 3 parse-state)))
          (cond
           ((memq term '(?\" ?` ?\n ?/)))
           ((eq term t)
            (save-match-data
              (save-excursion
                (goto-char (nth 8 parse-state))
                (looking-at "%\\(?:[QWrxI]\\|\\W\\)")))))))

      (defun ruby-syntax-propertize-expansions (start end)
        (save-excursion
          (goto-char start)
          (while (re-search-forward ruby-expression-expansion-re end 'move)
            (ruby-syntax-propertize-expansion))))
      )

  ;; For Emacsen where syntax-propertize-rules is not (yet) available,
  ;; fallback on the old font-lock-syntactic-keywords stuff.

  (defconst ruby-here-doc-end-re
    "^\\([ \t]+\\)?\\(.*\\)\\(\n\\)"
    "Regexp to match the end of heredocs.

This will actually match any line with one or more characters.
It's useful in that it divides up the match string so that
`ruby-here-doc-beg-match' can search for the beginning of the heredoc.")

  (defun ruby-here-doc-beg-match ()
    "Return a regexp to find the beginning of a heredoc.

This should only be called after matching against `ruby-here-doc-end-re'."
    (let ((contents (concat
                     (regexp-quote (concat (match-string 2) (match-string 3)))
                     (if (string= (match-string 3) "_") "\\B" "\\b"))))
      (concat "<<"
              (let ((match (match-string 1)))
                (if (and match (> (length match) 0))
                    (concat "\\(?:-\\([\"']?\\)\\|\\([\"']\\)"
                            (match-string 1) "\\)"
                            contents "\\(\\1\\|\\2\\)")
                  (concat "-?\\([\"']\\|\\)" contents "\\1"))))))

  (defconst ruby-font-lock-syntactic-keywords
    `(
    ;; the last $', $", $` in the respective string is not variable
    ;; the last ?', ?", ?` in the respective string is not ascii code
    ("\\(^\\|[\[ \t\n<+\(,=]\\)\\(['\"`]\\)\\(\\\\.\\|\\2\\|[^'\"`\n\\\\]\\)*?\\\\?[?$]\\(\\2\\)"
     (2 (7 . nil))
     (4 (7 . nil)))
    ;; $' $" $` .... are variables
    ;; ?' ?" ?` are ascii codes
    ("\\(^\\|[^\\\\]\\)\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*[?$]\\([#\"'`]\\)" 3 (1 . nil))
    ;; regexps
    ("\\(^\\|[[=(,~?:;<>]\\|\\(^\\|\\s \\)\\(if\\|elsif\\|unless\\|while\\|until\\|when\\|and\\|or\\|&&\\|||\\)\\|g?sub!?\\|scan\\|split!?\\)\\s *\\(/\\)[^/\n\\\\]*\\(\\\\.[^/\n\\\\]*\\)*\\(/\\)"
     (4 (7 . ?/))
     (6 (7 . ?/)))
    ("^=en\\(d\\)\\_>" 1 "!")
    ;; Percent literal.
    ("\\(^\\|[[ \t\n<+(,=]\\)\\(%[xrqQwW]?\\([^<[{(a-zA-Z0-9 \n]\\)[^\n\\\\]*\\(\\\\.[^\n\\\\]*\\)*\\(\\3\\)\\)"
     (3 "\"")
     (5 "\""))
    ("^\\(=\\)begin\\_>" 1 (ruby-comment-beg-syntax))
    ;; Currently, the following case is highlighted incorrectly:
    ;;
    ;;   <<FOO
    ;;   FOO
    ;;   <<BAR
    ;;   <<BAZ
    ;;   BAZ
    ;;   BAR
    ;;
    ;; This is because all here-doc beginnings are highlighted before any endings,
    ;; so although <<BAR is properly marked as a beginning, when we get to <<BAZ
    ;; it thinks <<BAR is part of a string so it's marked as well.
    ;;
    ;; This may be fixable by modifying ruby-in-here-doc-p to use
    ;; ruby-in-non-here-doc-string-p rather than syntax-ppss-context,
    ;; but I don't want to try that until we've got unit tests set up
    ;; to make sure I don't break anything else.
    (,(concat ruby-here-doc-beg-re ".*\\(\n\\)")
     ,(+ 1 (regexp-opt-depth ruby-here-doc-beg-re))
     (ruby-here-doc-beg-syntax))
    (,ruby-here-doc-end-re 3 (ruby-here-doc-end-syntax)))
  "Syntactic keywords for Ruby mode.  See `font-lock-syntactic-keywords'.")

  (defun ruby-comment-beg-syntax ()
  "Return the syntax cell for a the first character of a =begin.
See the definition of `ruby-font-lock-syntactic-keywords'.

This returns a comment-delimiter cell as long as the =begin
isn't in a string or another comment."
    (when (not (nth 3 (syntax-ppss)))
      (string-to-syntax "!")))

  (defun ruby-in-here-doc-p ()
    "Return whether or not the point is in a heredoc."
    (save-excursion
      (let ((old-point (point)) (case-fold-search nil))
        (beginning-of-line)
        (catch 'found-beg
          (while (and (re-search-backward ruby-here-doc-beg-re nil t)
                      (not (ruby-singleton-class-p)))
            (if (not (or (ruby-in-ppss-context-p 'anything)
                         (ruby-here-doc-find-end old-point)))
                (throw 'found-beg t)))))))

  (defun ruby-here-doc-find-end (&optional limit)
    "Expects the point to be on a line with one or more heredoc openers.
Returns the buffer position at which all heredocs on the line
are terminated, or nil if they aren't terminated before the
buffer position `limit' or the end of the buffer."
    (save-excursion
      (beginning-of-line)
      (catch 'done
        (let ((eol (point-at-eol))
              (case-fold-search nil)
              ;; Fake match data such that (match-end 0) is at eol
              (end-match-data (progn (looking-at ".*$") (match-data)))
              beg-match-data end-re)
          (while (re-search-forward ruby-here-doc-beg-re eol t)
            (setq beg-match-data (match-data))
            (setq end-re (ruby-here-doc-end-match))

            (set-match-data end-match-data)
            (goto-char (match-end 0))
            (unless (re-search-forward end-re limit t) (throw 'done nil))
            (setq end-match-data (match-data))

            (set-match-data beg-match-data)
            (goto-char (match-end 0)))
          (set-match-data end-match-data)
          (goto-char (match-end 0))
          (point)))))

  (defun ruby-here-doc-beg-syntax ()
    "Return the syntax cell for a line that may begin a heredoc.
See the definition of `ruby-font-lock-syntactic-keywords'.

This sets the syntax cell for the newline ending the line
containing the heredoc beginning so that cases where multiple
heredocs are started on one line are handled correctly."
    (save-excursion
      (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
      (unless (or (ruby-in-ppss-context-p 'non-heredoc)
                  (ruby-in-here-doc-p))
        (string-to-syntax "\""))))

  (defun ruby-here-doc-end-syntax ()
    "Return the syntax cell for a line that may end a heredoc.
See the definition of `ruby-font-lock-syntactic-keywords'."
    (let ((pss (syntax-ppss)) (case-fold-search nil))
      ;; If we aren't in a string, we definitely aren't ending a heredoc,
      ;; so we can just give up.
      ;; This means we aren't doing a full-document search
      ;; every time we enter a character.
      (when (ruby-in-ppss-context-p 'heredoc pss)
        (save-excursion
          (goto-char (nth 8 pss))    ; Go to the beginning of heredoc.
          (let ((eol (point)))
            (beginning-of-line)
            (if (and (re-search-forward (ruby-here-doc-beg-match) eol t) ; If there is a heredoc that matches this line...
                     (not (ruby-in-ppss-context-p 'anything)) ; And that's not inside a heredoc/string/comment...
                     (progn (goto-char (match-end 0)) ; And it's the last heredoc on its line...
                            (not (re-search-forward ruby-here-doc-beg-re eol t))))
                (string-to-syntax "\"")))))))

  (unless (functionp 'syntax-ppss)
    (defun syntax-ppss (&optional pos)
      (parse-partial-sexp (point-min) (or pos (point)))))
  )

(defun ruby-in-ppss-context-p (context &optional ppss)
  (let ((ppss (or ppss (syntax-ppss (point)))))
    (if (cond
         ((eq context 'anything)
          (or (nth 3 ppss)
              (nth 4 ppss)))
         ((eq context 'string)
          (nth 3 ppss))
         ((eq context 'heredoc)
          (eq ?\n (nth 3 ppss)))
         ((eq context 'non-heredoc)
          (and (ruby-in-ppss-context-p 'anything)
               (not (ruby-in-ppss-context-p 'heredoc))))
         ((eq context 'comment)
          (nth 4 ppss))
         (t
          (error (concat
                  "Internal error on `ruby-in-ppss-context-p': "
                  "context name `" (symbol-name context) "' is unknown"))))
        t)))

(if (featurep 'xemacs)
    (put 'ruby-mode 'font-lock-defaults
         '((ruby-font-lock-keywords)
           nil nil nil
           beginning-of-line
           (font-lock-syntactic-keywords
            . ruby-font-lock-syntactic-keywords))))

(defvar ruby-font-lock-syntax-table
  (let ((tbl (copy-syntax-table ruby-mode-syntax-table)))
    (modify-syntax-entry ?_ "w" tbl)
    tbl)
  "The syntax table to use for fontifying Ruby mode buffers.
See `font-lock-syntax-table'.")

(defconst ruby-font-lock-keyword-beg-re "\\(?:^\\|[^.@$]\\|\\.\\.\\)")

(defconst ruby-font-lock-keywords
  (list
   ;; functions
   '("^\\s *def\\s +\\(?:[^( \t\n.]*\\.\\)?\\([^( \t\n]+\\)"
     1 font-lock-function-name-face)
   ;; keywords
   (list (concat
          ruby-font-lock-keyword-beg-re
          (regexp-opt
           '("alias"
             "and"
             "begin"
             "break"
             "case"
             "class"
             "def"
             "defined?"
             "do"
             "elsif"
             "else"
             "fail"
             "ensure"
             "for"
             "end"
             "if"
             "in"
             "module"
             "next"
             "not"
             "or"
             "redo"
             "rescue"
             "retry"
             "return"
             "then"
             "super"
             "unless"
             "undef"
             "until"
             "when"
             "while"
             "yield")
           'symbols))
         1 'font-lock-keyword-face)
   ;; some core methods
   (list (concat
          ruby-font-lock-keyword-beg-re
          (regexp-opt
           '(;; built-in methods on Kernel
             "__callee__"
             "__dir__"
             "__method__"
             "abort"
             "at_exit"
             "autoload"
             "autoload?"
             "binding"
             "block_given?"
             "caller"
             "catch"
             "eval"
             "exec"
             "exit"
             "exit!"
             "fail"
             "fork"
             "format"
             "lambda"
             "load"
             "loop"
             "open"
             "p"
             "print"
             "printf"
             "proc"
             "putc"
             "puts"
             "raise"
             "rand"
             "readline"
             "readlines"
             "require"
             "require_relative"
             "sleep"
             "spawn"
             "sprintf"
             "srand"
             "syscall"
             "system"
             "throw"
             "trap"
             "warn"
             ;; keyword-like private methods on Module
             "alias_method"
             "attr"
             "attr_accessor"
             "attr_reader"
             "attr_writer"
             "define_method"
             "extend"
             "include"
             "module_function"
             "prepend"
             "private"
             "protected"
             "public"
             "refine"
             "using")
           'symbols))
         1 'font-lock-builtin-face)
   ;; here-doc beginnings
   `(,ruby-here-doc-beg-re 0 (unless (ruby-singleton-class-p (match-beginning 0))
                               'font-lock-string-face))
   ;; Perl-ish keywords
   "\\_<\\(?:BEGIN\\|END\\)\\_>\\|^__END__$"
   ;; variables
   `(,(concat ruby-font-lock-keyword-beg-re
              "\\_<\\(nil\\|self\\|true\\|false\\)\\>")
     1 font-lock-variable-name-face)
   ;; keywords that evaluate to certain values
   '("\\_<__\\(?:LINE\\|ENCODING\\|FILE\\)__\\_>" 0 font-lock-variable-name-face)
   ;; symbols
   '("\\(^\\|[^:]\\)\\(:\\([-+~]@?\\|[/%&|^`]\\|\\*\\*?\\|<\\(<\\|=>?\\)?\\|>[>=]?\\|===?\\|=~\\|![~=]?\\|\\[\\]=?\\|@?\\(\\w\\|_\\)+\\([!?=]\\|\\b_*\\)\\|#{[^}\n\\\\]*\\(\\\\.[^}\n\\\\]*\\)*}\\)\\)"
     2 font-lock-constant-face)
   ;; variables
   '("\\(\\$\\([^a-zA-Z0-9 \n]\\|[0-9]\\)\\)\\W"
     1 font-lock-variable-name-face)
   '("\\(\\$\\|@\\|@@\\)\\(\\w\\|_\\)+"
     0 font-lock-variable-name-face)
   ;; constants
   '("\\(?:\\_<\\|::\\)\\([A-Z]+\\(\\w\\|_\\)*\\)"
     1 (unless (eq ?\( (char-after)) font-lock-type-face))
   '("\\(^\\s *\\|[\[\{\(,]\\s *\\|\\sw\\s +\\)\\(\\(\\sw\\|_\\)+\\):[^:]" 2 font-lock-constant-face)
   ;; conversion methods on Kernel
   (list (concat ruby-font-lock-keyword-beg-re
                 (regexp-opt '("Array" "Complex" "Float" "Hash"
                               "Integer" "Rational" "String") 'symbols))
         1 font-lock-builtin-face)
   ;; expression expansion
   '(ruby-match-expression-expansion
     2 font-lock-variable-name-face t)
   ;; negation char
   '("[^[:alnum:]_]\\(!\\)[^=]"
     1 font-lock-negation-char-face)
   ;; character literals
   ;; FIXME: Support longer escape sequences.
   '("\\_<\\?\\\\?\\S " 0 font-lock-string-face)
   )
  "Additional expressions to highlight in Ruby mode.")

(defun ruby-match-expression-expansion (limit)
  (let* ((prop 'ruby-expansion-match-data)
         (pos (next-single-char-property-change (point) prop nil limit))
         value)
    (when (and pos (> pos (point)))
      (goto-char pos)
      (or (and (setq value (get-text-property pos prop))
               (progn (set-match-data value) t))
          (ruby-match-expression-expansion limit)))))

;;;###autoload
(define-derived-mode ruby-mode prog-mode "Ruby"
  "Major mode for editing Ruby scripts.
\\[ruby-indent-line] properly indents subexpressions of multi-line
class, module, def, if, while, for, do, and case statements, taking
nesting into account.

The variable `ruby-indent-level' controls the amount of indentation.

\\{ruby-mode-map}"
  (ruby-mode-variables)

  (setq-local imenu-create-index-function 'ruby-imenu-create-index)
  (setq-local add-log-current-defun-function 'ruby-add-log-current-method)
  (setq-local beginning-of-defun-function 'ruby-beginning-of-defun)
  (setq-local end-of-defun-function 'ruby-end-of-defun)

  (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'ruby-mode-set-encoding nil 'local)

  (setq-local electric-indent-chars (append '(?\{ ?\}) electric-indent-chars))

  (setq-local font-lock-defaults '((ruby-font-lock-keywords) nil nil))
  (setq-local font-lock-keywords ruby-font-lock-keywords)
  (setq-local font-lock-syntax-table ruby-font-lock-syntax-table)

  (if (eval-when-compile (fboundp 'syntax-propertize-rules))
      (setq-local syntax-propertize-function #'ruby-syntax-propertize-function)
    (setq-local font-lock-syntactic-keywords ruby-font-lock-syntactic-keywords)))

;;; Invoke ruby-mode when appropriate

;;;###autoload
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist
             (cons (purecopy (concat "\\(?:\\."
                                     "rb\\|ru\\|rake\\|thor"
                                     "\\|jbuilder\\|gemspec"
                                     "\\|/"
                                     "\\(?:Gem\\|Rake\\|Cap\\|Thor"
                                     "Vagrant\\|Guard\\)file"
                                     "\\)\\'")) 'ruby-mode))

;;;###autoload
(dolist (name (list "ruby" "rbx" "jruby" "ruby1.9" "ruby1.8"))
  (add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist (cons (purecopy name) 'ruby-mode)))

(provide 'ruby-mode)

;;; ruby-mode.el ends here