unofficial mirror of emacs-devel@gnu.org 
 help / color / mirror / code / Atom feed
blob 7d77f13ab2171b209ce830e2bbb9a489dc1f9f22 76315 bytes (raw)
name: doc/emacs/emacs.texi 	 # note: path name is non-authoritative(*)

   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
 
\input texinfo  @c -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

@setfilename ../../info/emacs.info
@settitle GNU Emacs Manual
@include docstyle.texi
@include emacsver.texi

@c When printing, define EDITION to be the printed edition number, in
@c the preferred style for ordinal edition numbers.  E.g., run the
@c shell command "texi2any -D 'EDITION Nineteenth'" for the 19th
@c printed edition where the edition number is spelled out in English.
@c This relates mainly to the published book sold by the FSF.

@copying
@ifset EDITION
This is the @value{EDITION} edition of the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},@*
@end ifset
@ifclear EDITION
This is the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},
@end ifclear
updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.

Copyright @copyright{} 1985--2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto,'' ``Distribution'' and
``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE,'' with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU
Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.  A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
License.''

(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and
modify this GNU manual.  Buying copies from the FSF supports it in
developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
@end quotation
@end copying

@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* Emacs: (emacs).               The extensible self-documenting text editor.
@end direntry

@c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a
@c copy of this manual that will be published.  The manual should go
@c onto the distribution in the full, 8.5 x 11" size.
@c @set smallbook

@ifset smallbook
@smallbook
@end ifset

@c per rms and peterb, use 10pt fonts for the main text, mostly to
@c save on paper cost.
@c Do this inside @tex for now, so current makeinfo does not complain.
@tex
@ifset smallbook
@fonttextsize 10
@end ifset
\global\hbadness=6666 % don't worry about not-too-underfull boxes
@end tex

@defcodeindex op
@synindex pg cp

@iftex
@kbdinputstyle code

@shorttitlepage GNU Emacs Manual
@end iftex

@titlepage
@sp 6
@center @titlefont{GNU Emacs Manual}
@sp 4
@ifset EDITION
@center @value{EDITION} Edition, Updated for Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}.
@end ifset
@ifclear EDITION
@center Updated for Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}
@end ifclear
@sp 5
@center Richard Stallman et al.
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
@insertcopying

@sp 2
Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor @*
Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA @*
ISBN 978-0-9831592-8-5

@sp 2
Cover art by Etienne Suvasa; cover design by FSF staff.

@end titlepage

@headings double

@summarycontents
@contents


@ifnottex
@node Top
@top The Emacs Editor

Emacs is the advanced, extensible, customizable, self-documenting
editor.  This manual describes how to edit with Emacs and some of the
ways to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.

@c See 'manual-html-mono' and 'manual-html-node' in admin/admin.el.
@ifset WWW_GNU_ORG
@html
The GNU Emacs website is at
<a href="/software/emacs/">https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/</a>.<br>
To view this manual in other formats, click
<a href="/software/emacs/manual/emacs.html">here</a>.<br>
You can also purchase a printed copy from the
<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/emacs-manual/">FSF store</a>.
@end html
@end ifset

@ifinfo
If you are reading this in Emacs, type @kbd{h} to read a basic
introduction to the Info documentation system.
@end ifinfo

For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.

@insertcopying
@end ifnottex

@c Note that the TeX version generates its own TOC, so the ifnottex's
@c here are not really necessary.
@menu
* Distrib::             How to get the latest Emacs distribution.
* Intro::               An introduction to Emacs concepts.

Important General Concepts
* Screen::              How to interpret what you see on the screen.
* User Input::          Kinds of input events (characters, buttons,
                          function keys).
* Keys::                Key sequences: what you type to request one
                          editing action.
* Mouse Input::         Using the mouse and keypads.
* Commands::            Named functions run by key sequences to do editing.
* Other Input::         Input besides the mouse, keyboard and keypads.
* Entering Emacs::      Starting Emacs from the shell.
* Exiting::             Stopping or killing Emacs.

Fundamental Editing Commands
* Basic::               The most basic editing commands.
* Minibuffer::          Entering arguments that are prompted for.
* M-x::                 Invoking commands by their names.
* Help::                Commands for asking Emacs about its commands.

Important Text-Changing Commands
* Mark::                The mark: how to delimit a region of text.
* Killing::             Killing (cutting) and yanking (pasting) text.
* Registers::           Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
* Display::             Controlling what text is displayed.
* Search::              Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
* Fixit::               Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
* Keyboard Macros::     Recording a sequence of keystrokes to be replayed.

Major Structures of Emacs
* Files::               All about handling files.
* Buffers::             Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
* Windows::             Viewing multiple pieces of text in one frame.
* Frames::              Using multiple windows on your display.
* International::       Using non-@acronym{ASCII} character sets.

Advanced Features
* Modes::               Major and minor modes alter Emacs's basic behavior.
* Indentation::         Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
* Text::                Commands and modes for editing human languages.
* Programs::            Commands and modes for editing programs.
* Building::            Compiling, running and debugging programs.
* Maintaining::         Features for maintaining large programs.
* Abbrevs::             Defining text abbreviations to reduce typing.
* Dired::               Directory and file manager.
* Calendar/Diary::      Calendar and diary facilities.
* Sending Mail::        Sending mail in Emacs.
* Rmail::               Reading mail in Emacs.
* Gnus::                A flexible mail and news reader.
* Host Security::       Security issues on a single computer.
* Network Security::    Managing the network security.
* Document View::       Viewing PDF, PS and DVI files.
* Shell::               Executing shell commands from Emacs.
* Emacs Server::        Using Emacs as an editing server.
* Printing::            Printing hardcopies of buffers or regions.
* Sorting::             Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs.
@ifnottex
* Picture Mode::        Editing pictures made up of text characters.
@end ifnottex
* Editing Binary Files::  Editing binary files with Hexl mode.
* Saving Emacs Sessions:: Saving Emacs state from one session to the next.
* Recursive Edit::      Performing edits while within another command.
* Hyperlinking::        Following links in buffers.
* Amusements::          Various games and hacks.
* Packages::            Installing additional features.
* Customization::       Modifying the behavior of Emacs.

Recovery from Problems
* Quitting::            Quitting and aborting.
* Lossage::             What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning.
* Bugs::                How and when to report a bug.
* Contributing::        How to contribute improvements to Emacs.
* Service::             How to get help for your own Emacs needs.

Appendices
* Copying::             The GNU General Public License gives you permission
                          to redistribute GNU Emacs on certain terms;
                          it also explains that there is no warranty.
* GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
* Emacs Invocation::    Hairy startup options.
* X Resources::         X resources for customizing Emacs.
* Antinews::            Information about Emacs version 28.
* Mac OS / GNUstep::     Using Emacs under macOS and GNUstep.
* Haiku::               Using Emacs on Haiku.
* Android::             Using Emacs on Android.
* Microsoft Windows::   Using Emacs on Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS.
* Manifesto::           What's GNU?  Gnu's Not Unix!

* Glossary::            Terms used in this manual.
@ifnottex
* Acknowledgments::     Major contributors to GNU Emacs.
@end ifnottex

Indexes (each index contains a large menu)
* Key Index::           An item for each standard Emacs key sequence.
* Option Index::        An item for every command-line option.
* Command Index::       An item for each standard command name.
* Variable Index::      An item for each variable documented in this manual.
* Concept Index::       An item for concepts and other general subjects.

@c Do NOT modify the following 3 lines!  They must have this form to
@c be correctly identified by 'texinfo-multiple-files-update'.  In
@c particular, the detailed menu header line MUST be identical to the
@c value of 'texinfo-master-menu-header'.  See texnfo-upd.el.

@detailmenu
 --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
 ---------------------------------

Here are some other nodes which are really subnodes of the ones
already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:

The Organization of the Screen

* Point::               The place in the text where editing commands operate.
* Echo Area::           Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen.
* Mode Line::           Interpreting the mode line.
* Menu Bar::            How to use the menu bar.

Touchscreen Input and Virtual Keyboards
* Touchscreens::        Interacting with Emacs from touchscreens.
* On-Screen Keyboards:: Text input with virtual keyboards.

Basic Editing Commands

* Inserting Text::      Inserting text by simply typing it.
* Moving Point::        Moving the cursor to the place where you want to
                        change something.
* Erasing::             Deleting and killing text.
* Basic Undo::          Undoing recent changes in the text.
* Basic Files::         Visiting, creating, and saving files.
* Basic Help::          Asking what a character does.
* Blank Lines::         Making and deleting blank lines.
* Continuation Lines::  How Emacs displays lines too wide for the screen.
* Position Info::       What line, row, or column is point on?
* Arguments::           Numeric arguments for repeating a command N times.
* Repeating::           Repeating the previous command quickly.

The Minibuffer

* Basic Minibuffer::      Basic usage of the minibuffer.
* Minibuffer File::     Entering file names with the minibuffer.
* Minibuffer Edit::     How to edit in the minibuffer.
* Completion::          An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
* Minibuffer History::  Reusing recent minibuffer arguments.
* Repetition::          Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
* Passwords::           Entering passwords in the echo area.
* Yes or No Prompts::   Replying yes or no in the echo area.

Completion

* Completion Example::  Examples of using completion.
* Completion Commands:: A list of completion commands.
* Completion Exit::     Completion and minibuffer text submission.
* Completion Styles::   How completion matches are chosen.
* Completion Options::  Options for completion.

Help

* Help Summary::        Brief list of all Help commands.
* Key Help::            Asking what a key does in Emacs.
* Name Help::           Asking about a command, variable or function name.
* Apropos::             Asking what pertains to a given topic.
* Help Mode::           Special features of Help mode and Help buffers.
* Package Keywords::    Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics).
* Language Help::       Help relating to international language support.
* Misc Help::           Other help commands.
* Help Files::          Commands to display auxiliary help files.
* Help Echo::           Help on active text and tooltips.

The Mark and the Region

* Setting Mark::        Commands to set the mark.
* Marking Objects::     Commands to put region around textual units.
* Using Region::        Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
* Mark Ring::           Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
* Global Mark Ring::    Previous mark positions in various buffers.
* Shift Selection::     Using shifted cursor motion keys.
* Disabled Transient Mark:: Leaving regions unhighlighted by default.

Killing and Moving Text

* Deletion and Killing:: Commands that remove text.
* Yanking::             Commands that insert text.
* Cut and Paste::       Clipboard and selections on graphical displays.
* Accumulating Text::   Other methods to add text to the buffer.
* Rectangles::          Operating on text in rectangular areas.
* CUA Bindings::        Using @kbd{C-x}/@kbd{C-c}/@kbd{C-v} to kill and yank.

Deletion and Killing

* Deletion::            Commands for deleting small amounts of text and
                          blank areas.
* Killing by Lines::    How to kill entire lines of text at one time.
* Other Kill Commands:: Commands to kill large regions of text and
                          syntactic units such as words and sentences.
* Kill Options::        Options that affect killing.

Yanking

* Kill Ring::           Where killed text is stored.
* Earlier Kills::       Yanking something killed some time ago.
* Appending Kills::     Several kills in a row all yank together.

Cut and Paste Operations on Graphical Displays

* Clipboard::           How Emacs uses the system clipboard.
* Primary Selection::   The temporarily selected text selection.
* Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark.

Registers

* Position Registers::        Saving positions in registers.
* Text Registers::            Saving text in registers.
* Rectangle Registers::       Saving rectangles in registers.
* Configuration Registers::   Saving window/frame configurations in registers.
* Number Registers::          Numbers in registers.
* File and Buffer Registers:: File and buffer names in registers.
* Keyboard Macro Registers::  Keyboard macros in registers.
* Bookmarks::                 Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.

Controlling the Display

* Scrolling::              Commands to move text up and down in a window.
* Recentering::            A scroll command that centers the current line.
* Auto Scrolling::         Redisplay scrolls text automatically when needed.
* Horizontal Scrolling::   Moving text left and right in a window.
* Narrowing::              Restricting display and editing to a portion
                             of the buffer.
* View Mode::              Viewing read-only buffers.
* Follow Mode::            Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
* Faces::                  How to change the display style using faces.
* Colors::                 Specifying colors for faces.
* Standard Faces::         The main predefined faces.
* Text Scale::             Increasing or decreasing text size in a buffer.
* Font Lock::              Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
* Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
* Fringes::                Enabling or disabling window fringes.
* Displaying Boundaries::  Displaying top and bottom of the buffer.
* Useless Whitespace::     Showing possibly spurious trailing whitespace.
* Selective Display::      Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
* Optional Mode Line::     Optional mode line display features.
* Text Display::           How text characters are normally displayed.
* Cursor Display::         Features for displaying the cursor.
* Line Truncation::        Truncating lines to fit the screen width instead
                             of continuing them to multiple screen lines.
* Visual Line Mode::       Word wrap and screen line-based editing.
* Display Custom::         Information on variables for customizing display.

Font Lock
* Traditional Font Lock::  Font Lock based on regexps and syntax tables.
* Parser-based Font Lock:: Font Lock based on external parser.

Searching and Replacement

* Incremental Search::     Search happens as you type the string.
* Nonincremental Search::  Specify entire string and then search.
* Word Search::            Search for sequence of words.
* Symbol Search::          Search for a source code symbol.
* Regexp Search::          Search for match for a regexp.
* Regexps::                Syntax of regular expressions.
* Regexp Backslash::       Regular expression constructs starting with `\'.
* Regexp Example::         A complex regular expression explained.
* Lax Search::                Search ignores some distinctions between
                                similar characters, like letter-case.
* Replace::                Search, and replace some or all matches.
* Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp.
* Search Customizations::  Various search customizations.

Incremental Search

* Basic Isearch::        Basic incremental search commands.
* Repeat Isearch::       Searching for the same string again.
* Isearch Yank::         Commands that grab text into the search string
                           or else edit the search string.
* Error in Isearch::     When your string is not found.
* Special Isearch::      Special input in incremental search.
* Not Exiting Isearch::  Prefix argument and scrolling commands.
* Isearch Minibuffer::   Incremental search of the minibuffer history.

Replacement Commands

* Unconditional Replace::  Replacing all matches for a string.
* Regexp Replace::         Replacing all matches for a regexp.
* Replacement and Lax Matches::
                           Lax searching for text to replace.
* Query Replace::          How to use querying.

Commands for Fixing Typos

* Undo::                The Undo commands.
* Transpose::           Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
* Fixing Case::         Correcting case of last word entered.
* Spelling::            Apply spelling checker to a word, or a whole file.

Keyboard Macros

* Basic Keyboard Macro::     Defining and running keyboard macros.
* Keyboard Macro Ring::      Where previous keyboard macros are saved.
* Keyboard Macro Counter::   Inserting incrementing numbers in macros.
* Keyboard Macro Query::     Making keyboard macros do different things each
                                time.
* Save Keyboard Macro::      Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in
                                files.
* Edit Keyboard Macro::      Editing keyboard macros.
* Keyboard Macro Step-Edit:: Interactively executing and editing a keyboard
                                macro.

File Handling

* File Names::          How to type and edit file-name arguments.
* Visiting::            Visiting a file prepares Emacs to edit the file.
* Saving::              Saving makes your changes permanent.
* Reverting::           Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
* Auto Revert::         Keeping buffers automatically up-to-date.
* Auto Save::           Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
* File Aliases::        Handling multiple names for one file.
* Directories::         Creating, deleting, and listing file directories.
* Comparing Files::     Finding where two files differ.
* Diff Mode::           Mode for editing file differences.
* Copying and Naming::  Copying, naming and renaming files.
* Misc File Ops::       Other things you can do on files.
* Compressed Files::    Accessing compressed files.
* File Archives::       Operating on tar, zip, jar etc. archive files.
* Remote Files::        Accessing files on other machines.
* Quoted File Names::   Quoting special characters in file names.
* File Name Cache::     Completion against a list of files you often use.
* File Conveniences::   Convenience features for finding files.
* Image Mode::          Viewing image files.
* Filesets::            Handling sets of files.

Saving Files

* Save Commands::       Commands for saving files.
* Backup::              How Emacs saves the old version of your file.
* Customize Save::      Customizing the saving of files.
* Interlocking::        How Emacs protects against simultaneous editing
                          of one file by two users.
* File Shadowing::      Copying files to shadows automatically.
* Time Stamps::         Emacs can update time stamps on saved files.

Backup Files

* Backup Names::        How backup files are named.
* Backup Deletion::     Emacs deletes excess numbered backups.
* Backup Copying::      Backups can be made by copying or renaming.

@ifnottex
Auto Reverting Non-File Buffers

* Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu:: Auto Revert of the Buffer Menu.
* Auto Reverting Dired::           Auto Revert of Dired buffers.
@end ifnottex

Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters

* Auto Save Files::     The file where auto-saved changes are
                          actually made until you save the file.
* Auto Save Control::   Controlling when and how often to auto-save.
* Recover::             Recovering text from auto-save files.

Using Multiple Buffers

* Select Buffer::       Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
* List Buffers::        Getting a list of buffers that exist.
* Misc Buffer::         Renaming; changing read-only status; copying text.
* Kill Buffer::         Killing buffers you no longer need.
* Several Buffers::     How to go through the list of all buffers
                          and operate variously on several of them.
* Indirect Buffers::    An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer.
* Buffer Convenience::  Convenience and customization features for
                          buffer handling.

Convenience Features and Customization of Buffer Handling

* Uniquify::            Making buffer names unique with directory parts.
* Icomplete::           Fast minibuffer selection.
* Buffer Menus::        Configurable buffer menu.

Multiple Windows

* Basic Window::        Introduction to Emacs windows.
* Split Window::        New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
* Other Window::        Moving to another window or doing something to it.
* Pop Up Window::       Finding a file or buffer in another window.
* Change Window::       Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
* Displaying Buffers::  How Emacs picks a window for displaying a buffer.
* Temporary Displays::  Displaying non-editable buffers.
* Window Convenience::  Convenience functions for window handling.
* Tab Line::            Window tab line.

Displaying a Buffer in a Window

* Window Choice::       How @code{display-buffer} works.

Frames and Graphical Displays

* Mouse Commands::      Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
* Word and Line Mouse:: Mouse commands for selecting whole words or lines.
* Mouse References::    Using the mouse to select an item from a list.
* Menu Mouse Clicks::   Mouse clicks that bring up menus.
* Mode Line Mouse::     Mouse clicks on the mode line.
* Creating Frames::     Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
* Frame Commands::      Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
* Fonts::               Changing the frame font.
* Speedbar::            How to make and use a speedbar frame.
* Multiple Displays::   How one Emacs instance can talk to several displays.
* Frame Parameters::    Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
* Scroll Bars::         How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
* Window Dividers::     Window separators that can be dragged with the mouse.
* Drag and Drop::       Using drag and drop to open files and insert text.
* Menu Bars::           Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
* Tool Bars::           Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
* Tab Bars::            Enabling and disabling the tab bar.
* Dialog Boxes::        Controlling use of dialog boxes.
* Tooltips::            Displaying information at the current mouse position.
* Mouse Avoidance::     Preventing the mouse pointer from obscuring text.
* Text Terminals::      Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
* Text-Only Mouse::     Using the mouse in text terminals.

International Character Set Support

* International Chars::     Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
* Language Environments::   Setting things up for the language you use.
* Input Methods::           Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
* Select Input Method::     Specifying your choice of input methods.
* Coding Systems::          Character set conversion when you read and
                              write files, and so on.
* Recognize Coding::        How Emacs figures out which conversion to use.
* Specify Coding::          Specifying a file's coding system explicitly.
* Output Coding::           Choosing coding systems for output.
* Text Coding::             Choosing conversion to use for file text.
* Communication Coding::    Coding systems for interprocess communication.
* File Name Coding::        Coding systems for file @emph{names}.
* Terminal Coding::         Specifying coding systems for converting
                              terminal input and output.
* Fontsets::                Fontsets are collections of fonts
                              that cover the whole spectrum of characters.
* Defining Fontsets::       Defining a new fontset.
* Modifying Fontsets::      Modifying an existing fontset.
* Undisplayable Characters::When characters don't display.
* Unibyte Mode::            You can pick one European character set
                              to use without multibyte characters.
* Charsets::                How Emacs groups its internal character codes.
* Bidirectional Editing::   Support for right-to-left scripts.

Major and Minor Modes

* Major Modes::         Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode...
* Minor Modes::         Each minor mode is a feature you can turn on
                          independently of any others.
* Choosing Modes::      How modes are chosen when visiting files.

Indentation

* Indentation Commands::  More commands for performing indentation.
* Tab Stops::             Stop points for indentation in Text modes.
* Just Spaces::           Using only space characters for indentation.
* Indent Convenience::    Optional indentation features.
* Code Alignment::        Making common parts of lines start at the same column.

Commands for Human Languages

* Words::               Moving over and killing words.
* Sentences::           Moving over and killing sentences.
* Paragraphs::          Moving over paragraphs.
* Pages::               Moving over pages.
* Quotation Marks::     Inserting quotation marks.
* Filling::             Filling or justifying text.
* Case::                Changing the case of text.
* Text Mode::           The major modes for editing text files.
* Outline Mode::        Editing outlines.
* Org Mode::            The Emacs organizer.
* TeX Mode::            Editing TeX and LaTeX files.
* HTML Mode::           Editing HTML and SGML files.
* Nroff Mode::          Editing input to the nroff formatter.
* Enriched Text::       Editing text enriched with fonts, colors, etc.
* Text Based Tables::   Commands for editing text-based tables.
* Two-Column::          Splitting text columns into separate windows.

Filling Text

* Auto Fill::           Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
* Fill Commands::       Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
* Fill Prefix::         Filling paragraphs that are indented
                          or in a comment, etc.
* Adaptive Fill::       How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically.

Outline Mode

* Outline Format::      What the text of an outline looks like.
* Outline Motion::      Special commands for moving through outlines.
* Outline Visibility::  Commands to control what is visible.
* Outline Views::       Outlines and multiple views.
* Foldout::             Folding means zooming in on outlines.

Org Mode

* Org Organizer::       Managing TODO lists and agendas.
* Org Authoring::       Exporting Org buffers to various formats.

@TeX{} Mode

* TeX Editing::         Special commands for editing in TeX mode.
* LaTeX Editing::       Additional commands for LaTeX input files.
* TeX Print::           Commands for printing part of a file with TeX.
* TeX Misc::            Customization of TeX mode, and related features.

Enriched Text

* Enriched Mode::           Entering and exiting Enriched mode.
* Hard and Soft Newlines::  There are two different kinds of newlines.
* Editing Format Info::     How to edit text properties.
* Enriched Faces::          Bold, italic, underline, etc.
* Enriched Indentation::    Changing the left and right margins.
* Enriched Justification::  Centering, setting text flush with the
                              left or right margin, etc.
* Enriched Properties::     The ``Special text properties'' submenu.

@c The automatic texinfo menu update inserts some duplicate items here
@c (faces, colors, indentation, justification, properties), because
@c they are listed in two menus.  But we already have them above, no
@c need to list them twice.

Editing Text-based Tables

* Table Definition::    What is a text based table.
* Table Creation::      How to create a table.
* Table Recognition::   How to activate and deactivate tables.
* Cell Commands::       Cell-oriented commands in a table.
* Cell Justification::  Justifying cell contents.
* Table Rows and Columns:: Inserting and deleting rows and columns.
* Table Conversion::    Converting between plain text and tables.
* Table Misc::          Table miscellany.

Editing Programs

* Program Modes::       Major modes for editing programs.
* Defuns::              Commands to operate on major top-level parts
                          of a program.
* Program Indent::      Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
* Parentheses::         Commands that operate on parentheses.
* Comments::            Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
* Documentation::       Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
* Hideshow::            Displaying blocks selectively.
* Symbol Completion::   Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
* MixedCase Words::     Dealing with identifiersLikeThis.
* Semantic::            Suite of editing tools based on source code parsing.
* Misc for Programs::   Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
* C Modes::             Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
                          Java, IDL, Pike and AWK modes.
* Asm Mode::            Asm mode and its special features.
@ifnottex
* Fortran::             Fortran mode and its special features.
@end ifnottex

Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns

* Left Margin Paren::   An open-paren or similar opening delimiter
                          starts a defun if it is at the left margin.
* Moving by Defuns::    Commands to move over or mark a major definition.
* Imenu::               Making buffer indexes as menus.
* Which Function::      Which Function mode shows which function you are in.

Indentation for Programs

* Basic Indent::        Indenting a single line.
* Multi-line Indent::   Commands to reindent many lines at once.
* Lisp Indent::         Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
* C Indent::            Extra features for indenting C and related modes.
* Custom C Indent::     Controlling indentation style for C and related modes.

Commands for Editing with Parentheses

* Expressions::         Expressions with balanced parentheses.
* Moving by Parens::    Commands for moving up, down and across
                          in the structure of parentheses.
* Matching::            Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.

Manipulating Comments

* Comment Commands::    Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
* Multi-Line Comments:: Commands for adding and editing multi-line comments.
* Options for Comments::Customizing the comment features.

Documentation Lookup

* Info Lookup::        Looking up library functions and commands in Info files.
* Man Page::           Looking up man pages of library functions and commands.
* Programming Language Doc:: Looking up program functions, variables, etc.

C and Related Modes

* Motion in C::         Commands to move by C statements, etc.
* Electric C::          Colon and other chars can automatically reindent.
* Hungry Delete::       A more powerful DEL command.
* Other C Commands::    Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros,
                          and other neat features.

@ifnottex
Fortran Mode

* Fortran Motion::      Moving point by statements or subprograms.
* Fortran Indent::      Indentation commands for Fortran.
* Fortran Comments::    Inserting and aligning comments.
* Fortran Autofill::    Auto fill support for Fortran.
* Fortran Columns::     Measuring columns for valid Fortran.
* Fortran Abbrev::      Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords.

Fortran Indentation

* ForIndent Commands::  Commands for indenting and filling Fortran.
* ForIndent Cont::      How continuation lines indent.
* ForIndent Num::       How line numbers auto-indent.
* ForIndent Conv::      Conventions you must obey to avoid trouble.
* ForIndent Vars::      Variables controlling Fortran indent style.
@end ifnottex

Compiling and Testing Programs

* Compilation::         Compiling programs in languages other
                          than Lisp (C, Pascal, etc.).
* Compilation Mode::    The mode for visiting compiler errors.
* Compilation Shell::   Customizing your shell properly
                          for use in the compilation buffer.
* Grep Searching::      Searching with grep.
* Flymake::             Finding syntax errors on the fly.
* Debuggers::           Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs.
* Executing Lisp::      Various modes for editing Lisp programs,
                          with different facilities for running
                          the Lisp programs.
* Lisp Libraries::      How Lisp programs are loaded into Emacs.
* Lisp Eval::           Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs.
* Lisp Interaction::    Executing Lisp in an Emacs buffer.
* External Lisp::       Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp.

Running Debuggers Under Emacs

* Starting GUD::        How to start a debugger subprocess.
* Debugger Operation::  Connection between the debugger and source buffers.
* Commands of GUD::     Key bindings for common commands.
* GUD Customization::   Defining your own commands for GUD.
* GDB Graphical Interface::  An enhanced mode that uses GDB features to
                          implement a graphical debugging environment.

GDB Graphical Interface

* GDB User Interface Layout::   Control the number of displayed buffers.
* Source Buffers::              Use the mouse in the fringe/margin to
                                control your program.
* Breakpoints Buffer::          A breakpoint control panel.
* Threads Buffer::              Displays your threads.
* Stack Buffer::                Select a frame from the call stack.
* Other GDB Buffers::           Other buffers for controlling the GDB state.
* Watch Expressions::           Monitor variable values in the speedbar.
* Multithreaded Debugging::     Debugging programs with several threads.

Maintaining Large Programs

* Version Control::     Using version control systems.
* Projects::            Commands for handling source files in a project.
* Change Log::          Maintaining a change history for your program.
* Xref::                Find definitions and references of any function,
                          method, struct, macro, @dots{} in your program.
* EDE::                 An integrated development environment for Emacs.
@ifnottex
* Emerge::              A convenient way of merging two versions of a program.
@end ifnottex
* Bug Reference::       Highlighting references to bug reports and browsing
                          them in their issue trackers.

Version Control

* Introduction to VC::  How version control works in general.
* VC Mode Line::        How the mode line shows version control status.
* Basic VC Editing::    How to edit a file under version control.
* Log Buffer::          Features available in log entry buffers.
* Registering::         Putting a file under version control.
* Old Revisions::       Examining and comparing old versions.
* VC Change Log::       Viewing the VC Change Log.
* VC Undo::             Canceling changes before or after committing.
* VC Ignore::           Ignore files under version control system.
* VC Directory Mode::   Listing files managed by version control.
* Branches::            Multiple lines of development.
@ifnottex
* Miscellaneous VC::    Various other commands and features of VC.
* Customizing VC::      Variables that change VC's behavior.
@end ifnottex

Introduction to Version Control

* Why Version Control?::    Understanding the problems it addresses.
* Version Control Systems:: Supported version control back-end systems.
* VCS Concepts::            Words and concepts related to version control.
* VCS Merging::             How file conflicts are handled.
* VCS Changesets::          How changes are grouped.
* VCS Repositories::        Where version control repositories are stored.
* Types of Log File::       The VCS log in contrast to the ChangeLog.

Basic Editing under Version Control

* VC With A Merging VCS::  Without locking: default mode for CVS.
* VC With A Locking VCS::  RCS in its default mode, SCCS, and optionally CVS.
* Advanced C-x v v::       Advanced features available with a prefix argument.

VC Directory Mode

* VC Directory Buffer::   What the buffer looks like and means.
* VC Directory Commands:: Commands to use in a VC directory buffer.

Version Control Branches

* Switching Branches::    How to get to another existing branch.
* Pulling / Pushing::     Receiving/sending changes from/to elsewhere.
* Merging::               Transferring changes between branches.
* Creating Branches::     How to start a new branch.

@ifnottex
Miscellaneous Commands and Features of VC

* Change Logs and VC::    Generating a change log file from log entries.
* VC Delete/Rename::      Deleting and renaming version-controlled files.
* Revision Tags::         Symbolic names for revisions.
* Version Headers::       Inserting version control headers into working files.
* Editing VC Commands:: Editing the VC shell commands that Emacs will run.

Customizing VC

* General VC Options::    Options that apply to multiple back ends.
* RCS and SCCS::          Options for RCS and SCCS.
* CVS Options::           Options for CVS.
@end ifnottex

Projects

* Project File Commands::   Commands for handling project files.
* Project Buffer Commands:: Commands for handling project buffers.
* Switching Projects::      Switching between projects.
* Managing Projects::       Managing the project list file.

Change Logs

* Change Log Commands:: Commands for editing change log files.
* Format of ChangeLog:: What the change log file looks like.

Xref

* Find Identifiers::    Commands to find where an identifier is defined
                          or referenced, to list identifiers, etc.
* Tags Tables::         Tags table records which file defines a symbol.
* Select Tags Table::   How to visit a specific tags table.

Find Identifiers

* Looking Up Identifiers:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
* Xref Commands::          Commands in the @file{*xref*} buffer.
* Identifier Search::      Searching and replacing identifiers.
* List Identifiers::       Listing identifiers and completing on them.

Tags Tables

* Tag Syntax::          Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
* Create Tags Table::   Creating a tags table with @command{etags}.
* Etags Regexps::       Create arbitrary tags using regular expressions.

@ifnottex
Merging Files with Emerge

* Overview of Emerge::  How to start Emerge.  Basic concepts.
* Submodes of Emerge::  Fast mode vs. Edit mode.
                          Skip Prefers mode and Auto Advance mode.
* State of Difference:: You do the merge by specifying state A or B
                          for each difference.
* Merge Commands::      Commands for selecting a difference,
                          changing states of differences, etc.
* Exiting Emerge::      What to do when you've finished the merge.
* Combining in Emerge::     How to keep both alternatives for a difference.
* Fine Points of Emerge::   Miscellaneous issues.
@end ifnottex

Abbrevs

* Abbrev Concepts::     Fundamentals of defined abbrevs.
* Defining Abbrevs::    Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
* Expanding Abbrevs::   Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
* Abbrevs Suggestions:: Get automatic suggestions about defined abbrevs.
* Editing Abbrevs::     Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
* Saving Abbrevs::      Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
* Dynamic Abbrevs::     Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
* Dabbrev Customization:: What is a word, for dynamic abbrevs.  Case handling.

@ifnottex
Editing Pictures

* Basic Picture::         Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
* Insert in Picture::     Controlling direction of cursor motion
                            after self-inserting characters.
* Tabs in Picture::       Various features for tab stops and indentation.
* Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
@end ifnottex

Dired, the Directory Editor

* Dired Enter::              How to invoke Dired.
* Dired Navigation::         Special motion commands in the Dired buffer.
* Dired Deletion::           Deleting files with Dired.
* Flagging Many Files::      Flagging files based on their names.
* Dired Visiting::           Other file operations through Dired.
* Marks vs Flags::           Flagging for deletion vs marking.
* Operating on Files::       How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
                               either one file or several files.
* Shell Commands in Dired::  Running a shell command on the marked files.
* Transforming File Names::  Using patterns to rename multiple files.
* Comparison in Dired::      Running @code{diff} by way of Dired.
* Subdirectories in Dired::  Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
@ifnottex
* Subdir Switches::          Subdirectory switches in Dired.
@end ifnottex
* Subdirectory Motion::      Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
* Hiding Subdirectories::    Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
* Dired Updating::           Discarding lines for files of no interest.
* Dired and Find::           Using @code{find} to choose the files for Dired.
* Wdired::                   Operating on files by editing the Dired buffer.
* Image-Dired::              Viewing image thumbnails in Dired.
* Misc Dired Features::      Various other features.

The Calendar and the Diary

* Calendar Motion::     Moving through the calendar; selecting a date.
* Scroll Calendar::     Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen.
* Counting Days::       How many days are there between two dates?
* General Calendar::    Exiting or recomputing the calendar.
* Writing Calendar Files:: Writing calendars to files of various formats.
* Holidays::            Displaying dates of holidays.
* Sunrise/Sunset::      Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset.
* Lunar Phases::        Displaying phases of the moon.
* Other Calendars::     Converting dates to other calendar systems.
* Diary::               Displaying events from your diary.
* Daylight Saving::     How to specify when daylight saving time is active.
* Time Intervals::      Keeping track of time intervals.
@ifnottex
* Advanced Calendar/Diary Usage:: Advanced Calendar/Diary customization.
@end ifnottex

Movement in the Calendar

* Calendar Unit Motion::      Moving by days, weeks, months, and years.
* Move to Beginning or End::  Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years.
* Specified Dates::           Moving to the current date or another
                                specific date.

Conversion To and From Other Calendars

* Calendar Systems::       The calendars Emacs understands
                             (aside from Gregorian).
* To Other Calendar::      Converting the selected date to various calendars.
* From Other Calendar::    Moving to a date specified in another calendar.

The Diary

* Format of Diary File::   Entering events in your diary.
* Displaying the Diary::   Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates.
* Date Formats::           Various ways you can specify dates.
* Adding to Diary::        Commands to create diary entries.
* Special Diary Entries::  Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc.
* Appointments::           Reminders when it's time to do something.
* Importing Diary::        Converting diary events to/from other formats.

@ifnottex
More advanced features of the Calendar and Diary

* Calendar Customizing::   Calendar layout and hooks.
* Holiday Customizing::    Defining your own holidays.
* Mayan Calendar::         Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
* Date Display Format::    Changing the format.
* Time Display Format::    Changing the format.
* Diary Customizing::      Defaults you can set.
* Non-Gregorian Diary::    Diary entries based on other calendars.
* Diary Display::          A choice of ways to display the diary.
* Fancy Diary Display::    Sorting diary entries, using included diary files.
* Sexp Diary Entries::     More flexible diary entries.
@end ifnottex

Sending Mail

* Mail Format::         Format of a mail message.
* Mail Headers::        Details of some standard mail header fields.
* Mail Aliases::        Abbreviating and grouping mail addresses.
* Mail Commands::       Special commands for editing mail being composed.
* Mail Signature::      Adding a signature to every message.
* Mail Amusements::     Distracting the NSA; adding fortune messages.
* Mail Methods::        Using alternative mail-composition methods.

Mail Commands

* Mail Sending::        Commands to send the message.
* Header Editing::      Commands to move to header fields and edit them.
* Citing Mail::         Quoting a message you are replying to.
* Mail Misc::           Attachments, spell checking, etc.

Reading Mail with Rmail

* Rmail Basics::        Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use.
* Rmail Scrolling::     Scrolling through a message.
* Rmail Motion::        Moving to another message.
* Rmail Deletion::      Deleting and expunging messages.
* Rmail Inbox::         How mail gets into the Rmail file.
* Rmail Files::         Using multiple Rmail files.
* Rmail Output::        Copying message out to files.
* Rmail Labels::        Classifying messages by labeling them.
* Rmail Attributes::    Certain standard labels, called attributes.
* Rmail Reply::         Sending replies to messages you are viewing.
* Rmail Summary::       Summaries show brief info on many messages.
* Rmail Sorting::       Sorting messages in Rmail.
* Rmail Display::       How Rmail displays a message; customization.
* Rmail Coding::        How Rmail handles decoding character sets.
* Rmail Editing::       Editing message text and headers in Rmail.
* Rmail Digest::        Extracting the messages from a digest message.
* Rmail Rot13::         Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code.
* Movemail::            More details of fetching new mail.
* Remote Mailboxes::    Retrieving mail from remote mailboxes.
* Other Mailbox Formats:: Retrieving mail from local mailboxes in
                          various formats.

Rmail Summaries

* Rmail Make Summary::  Making various sorts of summaries.
* Rmail Summary Edit::  Manipulating messages from the summary.

Gnus

* Buffers of Gnus::     The group, summary, and article buffers.
* Gnus Startup::        What you should know about starting Gnus.
* Gnus Group Buffer::   A short description of Gnus group commands.
* Gnus Summary Buffer:: A short description of Gnus summary commands.

Document Viewing

* DocView Navigation::  Navigating DocView buffers.
* DocView Searching::   Searching inside documents.
* DocView Slicing::     Specifying which part of a page is displayed.
* DocView Conversion::  Influencing and triggering conversion.

Running Shell Commands from Emacs

* Single Shell::        How to run one shell command and return.
* Interactive Shell::   Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
* Shell Mode::          Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
* Shell Prompts::       Two ways to recognize shell prompts.
* Shell History::       Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
* Directory Tracking::  Keeping track when the subshell changes directory.
* Shell Options::       Options for customizing Shell mode.
* Terminal emulator::   An Emacs window as a terminal emulator.
* Term Mode::           Special Emacs commands used in Term mode.
* Remote Host::         Connecting to another computer.
* Serial Terminal::     Connecting to a serial port.

Shell Command History

* Shell Ring::           Fetching commands from the history list.
* Shell History Copying::Moving to a command and then copying it.
* History References::   Expanding @samp{!}-style history references.

Using Emacs as a Server

* TCP Emacs server::     Listening to a TCP socket.
* Invoking emacsclient:: Connecting to the Emacs server.
* emacsclient Options::  Emacs client startup options.

Printing Hard Copies

* PostScript::           Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
* PostScript Variables:: Customizing the PostScript printing commands.
* Printing Package::     An optional advanced printing interface.

Hyperlinking and Navigation Features

* EWW::                 A web browser in Emacs.
* Embedded WebKit Widgets:: Embedding browser widgets in Emacs buffers.
* Browse-URL::          Following URLs.
* Goto Address mode::   Activating URLs.
* FFAP::                Finding files etc. at point.

Emacs Lisp Packages

* Package Menu::         Buffer for viewing and managing packages.
* Package Statuses::     Which statuses a package can have.
* Package Installation:: Options for package installation.
* Package Files::        Where packages are installed.

Customization

* Easy Customization::  Convenient way to browse and change settings.
* Variables::           Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables
                          to decide what to do; by setting variables,
                          you can control their functioning.
* Key Bindings::        The keymaps say what command each key runs.
                          By changing them, you can redefine keys.
* Init File::           How to write common customizations in the
                          initialization file.
* Authentication::      Keeping persistent authentication information.

Easy Customization Interface

* Customization Groups::     How settings are classified.
* Browsing Custom::          Browsing and searching for settings.
* Changing a Variable::      How to edit an option's value and set the option.
* Saving Customizations::    Saving customizations for future Emacs sessions.
* Face Customization::       How to edit the attributes of a face.
* Specific Customization::   Customizing specific settings or groups.
* Custom Themes::            Collections of customization settings.
* Creating Custom Themes::   How to create a new custom theme.

Variables

* Examining::           Examining or setting one variable's value.
* Hooks::               Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
                          of Emacs to run on particular occasions.
* Locals::              Per-buffer values of variables.
* File Variables::      How files can specify variable values.
* Directory Variables:: How variable values can be specified by directory.
* Connection Variables:: Variables which are valid for buffers with a
                           remote default directory.

Local Variables in Files

* Specifying File Variables:: Specifying file local variables.
* Safe File Variables::       Making sure file local variables are safe.

Customizing Key Bindings

* Keymaps::             Generalities.  The global keymap.
* Prefix Keymaps::      Keymaps for prefix keys.
* Local Keymaps::       Major and minor modes have their own keymaps.
* Minibuffer Maps::     The minibuffer uses its own local keymaps.
* Rebinding::           How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently.
* Init Rebinding::      Rebinding keys with your initialization file.
* Modifier Keys::       Using modifier keys in key bindings.
* Function Keys::       Rebinding terminal function keys.
* Named ASCII Chars::   Distinguishing @key{TAB} from @kbd{C-i}, and so on.
* Mouse Buttons::       Rebinding mouse buttons in Emacs.
* Disabling::           Disabling a command means confirmation is required
                          before it can be executed.  This is done to protect
                          beginners from surprises.

The Emacs Initialization File

* Init Syntax::         Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
* Init Examples::       How to do some things with an init file.
* Terminal Init::       Each terminal type can have an init file.
* Find Init::           How Emacs finds the init file.
* Init Non-ASCII::      Using non-@acronym{ASCII} characters in an init file.
* Early Init File::     Another init file, which is read early on.

Dealing with Emacs Trouble

* Stuck Recursive::     '[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
* Screen Garbled::      Garbage on the screen.
* Text Garbled::        Garbage in the text.
* Memory Full::         How to cope when you run out of memory.
* Crashing::            What Emacs does when it crashes.
* After a Crash::       Recovering editing in an Emacs session that crashed.
* Emergency Escape::    What to do if Emacs stops responding.
* DEL Does Not Delete:: What to do if @key{DEL} doesn't delete.

Reporting Bugs

* Known Problems::      How to read about known problems and bugs.
* Bug Criteria::        Have you really found a bug?
* Understanding Bug Reporting:: How to report a bug effectively.
* Checklist::           Steps to follow for a good bug report.
* Sending Patches::     How to send a patch for GNU Emacs.

Contributing to Emacs Development

* Coding Standards::     GNU Emacs coding standards.
* Copyright Assignment:: Assigning copyright to the FSF.

Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation

* Action Arguments::    Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
                          and call functions.
* Initial Options::     Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
* Command Example::     Examples of using command line arguments.
* Environment::         Environment variables that Emacs uses.
* Display X::           Changing the default display and using remote login.
* Font X::              Choosing a font for text, under X.
* Colors X::            Choosing display colors.
* Window Size X::       Start-up window size, under X.
* Borders X::           Internal and outer borders, under X.
* Title X::             Specifying the initial frame's title.
* Icons X::             Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
* Misc X::              Other display options.

Environment Variables

* General Variables::   Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use.
* Misc Variables::      Certain system-specific variables.
* MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows.

X Options and Resources

* Resources::           Using X resources with Emacs (in general).
* Table of Resources::  Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs.
* Lucid Resources::     X resources for Lucid menus.
* Motif Resources::     X resources for Motif and LessTif menus.
* GTK resources::       Resources for GTK widgets.

GTK resources

* GTK Resource Basics::   Basic usage of GTK+ resources.
* GTK Widget Names::      How GTK+ widgets are named.
* GTK Names in Emacs::    GTK+ widgets used by Emacs.
* GTK styles::            What can be customized in a GTK+ widget.

Emacs and macOS / GNUstep

* Mac / GNUstep Basics::        Basic Emacs usage under GNUstep or macOS.
* Mac / GNUstep Customization:: Customizations under GNUstep or macOS.
* Mac / GNUstep Events::        How window system events are handled.
* GNUstep Support::             Details on status of GNUstep support.

Emacs and Haiku

* Haiku Basics::        Basic Emacs usage and installation under Haiku.
* Haiku Fonts::         The various options for displaying fonts on Haiku.

Emacs and Android

* What is Android?::            Preamble.
* Android Startup::             Starting up Emacs on Android.
* Android File System::         The Android file system.
* Android Document Providers::  Accessing files from other programs.
* Android Environment::         Running Emacs under Android.
* Android Windowing::           The Android window system.
* Android Fonts::               Font selection under Android.
* Android Troubleshooting::     Dealing with problems.
* Android Software::            Getting extra software.

Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS

* Windows Startup::     How to start Emacs on Windows.
* Text and Binary::     Text files use CRLF to terminate lines.
* Windows Files::       File-name conventions on Windows.
* ls in Lisp::          Emulation of @code{ls} for Dired.
* Windows HOME::        Where Emacs looks for your @file{.emacs} and
                          where it starts up.
* Windows Keyboard::    Windows-specific keyboard features.
* Windows Mouse::       Windows-specific mouse features.
* Windows Processes::   Running subprocesses on Windows.
* Windows Printing::    How to specify the printer on MS-Windows.
* Windows Fonts::       Specifying fonts on MS-Windows.
* Windows Misc::        Miscellaneous Windows features.
@ifnottex
* MS-DOS::              Using Emacs on MS-DOS.

Emacs and MS-DOS

* MS-DOS Keyboard::     Keyboard conventions on MS-DOS.
* MS-DOS Mouse::        Mouse conventions on MS-DOS.
* MS-DOS Display::      Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
* MS-DOS File Names::   File name conventions on MS-DOS.
* MS-DOS Printing::     Printing specifics on MS-DOS.
* MS-DOS and MULE::     Support for internationalization on MS-DOS.
* MS-DOS Processes::    Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
@end ifnottex

@end detailmenu
@end menu

@iftex
@unnumbered Preface

  This manual documents the use and simple customization of the Emacs
editor.  Simple Emacs customizations do not require you to be a
programmer, but if you are not interested in customizing, you can
ignore the customization hints.

  This is primarily a reference manual, but can also be used as a
primer.  If you are new to Emacs, we recommend you start with the
integrated, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual.  To
run the tutorial, start Emacs and type @kbd{C-h t} (which is ``control
h and then t'').  The tutorial describes commands, tells you when to
try them, and explains the results.  The tutorial is available in
several languages.

  On first reading, just skim chapters 1 and 2, which describe the
notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the
Emacs display screen.  Note which questions are answered in these
chapters, so you can refer back later.  After reading chapter 4, you
should practice the commands shown there.  The next few chapters
describe fundamental techniques and concepts that are used constantly.
You need to understand them thoroughly, so experiment with them
until you are fluent.

  Chapters 14 through 19 describe intermediate-level features that are
useful for many kinds of editing.  Chapter 20 and following chapters
describe optional but useful features; read those chapters when you
need them.

  Read the Common Problems chapter if Emacs does not seem to be
working properly.  It explains how to cope with several common
problems (@pxref{Lossage,, Dealing with Emacs Trouble}), as well as
when and how to report Emacs bugs (@pxref{Bugs}).

  To find the documentation of a particular command, look in the index.
Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes.
There is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term.

  This manual is available as a printed book and also as an Info file.
The Info file is for reading from Emacs itself, or with the Info program.
Info is the principal format for documentation in the GNU system.
The Info file and the printed book contain substantially the same text
and are generated from the same source files, which are also
distributed with GNU Emacs.

  GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family.  There are many
Emacs editors, all sharing common principles of organization.  For
information on the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons
learned from its development, see @cite{Emacs, the Extensible,
Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor}, available from
@url{https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/5736}.

This version of the manual is mainly intended for use with GNU Emacs
installed on GNU and Unix systems.  GNU Emacs can also be used on
MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh systems.  The Info file
version of this manual contains some more information about using
Emacs on those systems.  Those systems use different file name syntax;
in addition MS-DOS does not support all GNU Emacs features.
@xref{Microsoft Windows}, for information about using Emacs on
Windows.  @xref{Mac OS / GNUstep}, for information about using Emacs
on Macintosh (and GNUstep).
@end iftex

@node Distrib
@unnumbered Distribution

GNU Emacs is @dfn{free software}; this means that everyone is free to
use it and free to redistribute it under certain conditions.  GNU Emacs
is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are
restrictions on its distribution, but these restrictions are designed
to permit everything that a good cooperating citizen would want to do.
What is not allowed is to try to prevent others from further sharing
any version of GNU Emacs that they might get from you.  The precise
conditions are found in the GNU General Public License that comes with
Emacs and also appears in this manual@footnote{This manual is itself
covered by the GNU Free Documentation License.  This license is
similar in spirit to the General Public License, but is more suitable
for documentation.  @xref{GNU Free Documentation License}.}.
@xref{Copying}.

One way to get a copy of GNU Emacs is from someone else who has it.
You need not ask for our permission to do so, or tell anyone else;
just copy it.  If you have access to the Internet, you can get the
latest distribution version of GNU Emacs by anonymous FTP; see
@url{https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs} on our website for more
information.

You may also receive GNU Emacs when you buy a computer.  Computer
manufacturers are free to distribute copies on the same terms that apply to
everyone else.  These terms require them to give you the full sources,
including whatever changes they may have made, and to permit you to
redistribute the GNU Emacs received from them under the usual terms of the
General Public License.  In other words, the program must be free for you
when you get it, not just free for the manufacturer.

If you find GNU Emacs useful, please @strong{send a donation} to the
Free Software Foundation to support our work.  Donations to the Free
Software Foundation are tax-deductible in the US@.  If you use GNU Emacs
at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation.
To donate, see @url{https://my.fsf.org/donate/}.
For other ways in which you can help, see
@url{https://www.gnu.org/help/help.html}.

@c The command view-order-manuals uses this anchor.
@anchor{Printed Books}
We also sell hardcopy versions of this manual and @cite{An
Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp}, by Robert J. Chassell.
You can visit our online store at @url{https://shop.fsf.org/}.
The income from sales goes to support the foundation's purpose: the
development of new free software, and improvements to our existing
programs including GNU Emacs.

If you need to contact the Free Software Foundation, see
@url{https://www.fsf.org/about/contact/}, or write to

@display
Free Software Foundation
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
Boston, MA 02110-1301
USA
@end display

@iftex
@node Acknowledgments
@unnumberedsec Acknowledgments

@c It's hard to update this fairly.
@c I wonder if it would be better to drop it in favor of AUTHORS?
Contributors to GNU Emacs include Jari Aalto, Eric Abrahamsen, Per Abrahamsen, Tomas
Abrahamsson, Jay K. Adams, Alon Albert, Michael Albinus, Nagy
Andras, Benjamin Andresen, Ralf Angeli, Dmitry Antipov, Joe Arceneaux, Emil Åström,
Miles Bader, David Bakhash, Juanma Barranquero, Eli Barzilay, Thomas
Baumann, Steven L. Baur, Jay Belanger, Alexander L. Belikoff,
Thomas Bellman, Scott Bender, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Sergey Berezin, Stephen Berman, Jonas Bernoulli, Karl
Berry, Anna M. Bigatti, Ray Blaak, Martin Blais, Jim Blandy, Johan
Bockgård, Jan Böcker, Joel Boehland, Lennart Borgman, Per Bothner,
Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, Peter Breton, Emmanuel Briot, Kevin
Broadey, Vincent Broman, Michael Brouwer, David M. Brown, Ken Brown, Stefan Bruda,
Damien Cassou, Daniel Colascione,
Georges Brun-Cottan, Joe Buehler, Scott Byer, Włodek Bzyl, Tino Calancha,
Bill Carpenter, Per Cederqvist, Hans Chalupsky, Chris Chase, Bob
Chassell, Andrew Choi, Chong Yidong, Sacha Chua, Stewart Clamen, James
Clark, Mike Clarkson, Glynn Clements, Andrea Corallo, Andrew Cohen, Daniel Colascione,
Christoph Conrad, Ludovic Courtès, Andrew Csillag,
Toby Cubitt, Baoqiu Cui, Doug Cutting, Mathias Dahl, Yue Daian, Julien Danjou, Satyaki
Das, Vivek Dasmohapatra, Dan Davison, Michael DeCorte, Gary Delp, Nachum
Dershowitz, Dave Detlefs, Matthieu Devin, Christophe de Dinechin, Eri
Ding, Jan Djärv, Lawrence R. Dodd, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves,
Benjamin Drieu, Viktor Dukhovni, Jacques Duthen, Dmitry Dzhus, John
Eaton, Rolf Ebert, Carl Edman, David Edmondson, Paul Eggert, Stephen
Eglen, Christian Egli, Torbjörn Einarsson, Tsugutomo Enami, David
Engster, Hans Henrik Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi, Frederick
Farnbach, Oscar Figueiredo, Fred Fish, Steve Fisk, Thomas Fitzsimmons, Karl Fogel, Gary
Foster, Eric S. Fraga, Romain Francoise, Noah Friedman, Andreas
Fuchs, Shigeru Fukaya, Xue Fuqiao, Hallvard Furuseth, Keith Gabryelski, Peter S.
Galbraith, Kevin Gallagher, Fabián E. Gallina, Kevin Gallo, Juan León Lahoz García,
Howard Gayle, Daniel German, Stephen Gildea, Julien Gilles, David
Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Nicolas Goaziou, Deepak Goel, David De La Harpe Golden, Boris
Goldowsky, David Goodger, Chris Gray, Kevin Greiner, Michelangelo Grigni, Odd
Gripenstam, Kai Großjohann, Michael Gschwind, Bastien Guerry, Henry
Guillaume, Dmitry Gutov, Doug Gwyn, Bruno Haible, Ken'ichi Handa, Lars Hansen, Chris
Hanson, Jesper Harder, Alexandru Harsanyi, K. Shane Hartman, John
Heidemann, Jon K. Hellan, Magnus Henoch, Markus Heritsch, Dirk
Herrmann, Karl Heuer, Manabu Higashida, Konrad Hinsen, Torsten Hilbrich, Anders Holst,
Jeffrey C. Honig, Jürgen Hötzel, Tassilo Horn, Kurt Hornik, Khaled Hosny, Tom Houlder, Joakim
Hove, Denis Howe, Lars Ingebrigtsen, Andrew Innes, Seiichiro Inoue,
Philip Jackson, Martyn Jago, Pavel Janik, Paul Jarc, Ulf Jasper,
Thorsten Jolitz, Michael K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Terry Jones, Simon
Josefsson, Alexandre Julliard, Arne Jørgensen, Tomoji Kagatani,
Brewster Kahle, Tokuya Kameshima, Lute Kamstra, Stefan Kangas, Ivan Kanis, David
Kastrup, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Taichi Kawabata, Taro Kawagishi,
Howard Kaye, Michael Kifer, Richard King, Peter Kleiweg, Karel
Klíč, Shuhei Kobayashi, Pavel Kobyakov, Larry K. Kolodney, David
M. Koppelman, Koseki Yoshinori, Robert Krawitz, Sebastian Kremer,
Ryszard Kubiak, Tak Kunihiro, Igor Kuzmin, David Kågedal, Daniel LaLiberte, Karl
Landstrom, Mario Lang, Aaron Larson, James R. Larus, Gemini Lasswell, Vinicius Jose
Latorre, Werner Lemberg, Frederic Lepied, Peter Liljenberg, Christian
Limpach, Lars Lindberg, Chris Lindblad, Anders Lindgren, Thomas Link,
Juri Linkov, Francis Litterio, Sergey Litvinov, Leo Liu, Emilio C. Lopes,
Martin Lorentzson, Dave Love, Eric Ludlam, Károly Lőrentey, Sascha
Lüdecke, Greg McGary, Roland McGrath, Michael McNamara, Alan Mackenzie,
Christopher J. Madsen, Neil M. Mager, Arni Magnusson, Artur Malabarba, Ken Manheimer, Bill Mann,
Brian Marick, Simon Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Martin,
Yukihiro Matsumoto, Tomohiro Matsuyama, David Maus, Thomas May, Will Mengarini, David
Megginson, Jimmy Aguilar Mena, Stefan Merten, Ben A. Mesander, Wayne Mesard, Brad
Miller, Lawrence Mitchell, Richard Mlynarik, Gerd Möllmann, Dani Moncayo, Stefan
Monnier, Keith Moore, Jan Moringen, Morioka Tomohiko, Glenn Morris,
Don Morrison, Diane Murray, Riccardo Murri, Sen Nagata, Erik Naggum,
Gergely Nagy, Nobuyoshi Nakada, Thomas Neumann, Mike Newton, Thien-Thi Nguyen,
Jurgen Nickelsen, Dan Nicolaescu, Hrvoje Nikšić, Jeff Norden,
Andrew Norman, Theresa O'Connor, Kentaro Ohkouchi, Christian Ohler,
Kenichi Okada, Alexandre Oliva, Bob Olson, Michael Olson, Takaaki Ota,
Mark Oteiza, Pieter E. J. Pareit, Ross Patterson, David Pearson, Juan Pechiar,
Jeff Peck, Damon Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, William M. Perry, Per
Persson, Jens Petersen, Nicolas Petton, Daniel Pfeiffer, Justus Piater, Richard L.
Pieri, Fred Pierresteguy, François Pinard, Daniel Pittman, Christian
Plaunt, Alexander Pohoyda, David Ponce, Noam Postavsky, Francesco A. Potortì,
Michael D. Prange, Mukesh Prasad, Steve Purcell, Ken Raeburn, Marko Rahamaa, Ashwin
Ram, Eric S. Raymond, Paul Reilly, Edward M. Reingold, David
Reitter, Alex Rezinsky, Rob Riepel, Lara Rios, Adrian Robert, Nick
Roberts, Roland B. Roberts, John Robinson, Denis B. Roegel, Danny
Roozendaal, Sebastian Rose, William Rosenblatt, Markus Rost, Guillermo
J. Rozas, Martin Rudalics, Ivar Rummelhoff, Jason Rumney, Wolfgang
Rupprecht, Benjamin Rutt, Kevin Ryde, Phil Sainty, James B. Salem, Masahiko Sato,
Timo Savola, Jorgen Schäfer, Holger Schauer, William Schelter, Ralph
Schleicher, Gregor Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald S. Schnell,
Philippe Schnoebelen, Jan Schormann, Alex Schroeder, Stefan Schoef,
Rainer Schöpf, Raymond Scholz, Eric Schulte, Andreas Schwab, Randal
Schwartz, Oliver Seidel, Manuel Serrano, Paul Sexton, Hovav Shacham,
Stanislav Shalunov, Marc Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin Shivers, Tibor
Šimko, Espen Skoglund, Rick Sladkey, Lynn Slater, Chris Smith,
David Smith, JD Smith, Paul D. Smith, Wilson Snyder, William Sommerfeld, Simon
South, Andre Spiegel, Michael Staats, Thomas Steffen, Ulf Stegemann,
Reiner Steib, Sam Steingold, Ake Stenhoff, Philipp Stephani, Peter Stephenson, Ken
Stevens, Andy Stewart, Jonathan Stigelman, Martin Stjernholm, Kim F.
Storm, Steve Strassmann, Christopher Suckling, Olaf Sylvester, Naoto
Takahashi, Steven Tamm, Jan Tatarik, João Távora, Luc Teirlinck,
Jean-Philippe Theberge, Jens T.@: Berger Thielemann, Spencer Thomas,
Jim Thompson, Toru Tomabechi, David O'Toole, Markus Triska, Tom Tromey, Eli
Tziperman, Daiki Ueno, Masanobu Umeda, Rajesh Vaidheeswarran, Neil
W. Van Dyke, Didier Verna, Joakim Verona, Ulrik Vieth, Geoffrey
Voelker, Johan Vromans, Inge Wallin, John Paul Wallington, Colin
Walters, Barry Warsaw, Christoph Wedler, Ilja Weis, Zhang Weize,
Morten Welinder, Joseph Brian Wells, Rodney Whitby, John Wiegley,
Sascha Wilde, Ed Wilkinson, Mike Williams, Roland Winkler, Bill
Wohler, Steven A. Wood, Dale R. Worley, Francis J. Wright, Felix
S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler, Yamamoto Mitsuharu, Katsumi Yamaoka,
Masatake Yamato, Jonathan Yavner, Ryan Yeske, Ilya Zakharevich, Milan
Zamazal, Victor Zandy, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski, Andrew Zhilin,
Shenghuo Zhu, Piotr Zieliński, Ian T. Zimmermann, Reto Zimmermann,
Neal Ziring, Teodor Zlatanov, and Detlev Zundel.
@end iftex

@node Intro
@unnumbered Introduction

  You are reading about GNU Emacs, the GNU incarnation of the
advanced, self-documenting, customizable, extensible editor Emacs.
(The @samp{G} in
@c Workaround makeinfo 4 bug.
@c https://lists.gnu.org/r/bug-texinfo/2004-08/msg00009.html
@iftex
@acronym{GNU, @acronym{GNU}'s Not Unix}
@end iftex
@ifnottex
@acronym{GNU, GNU's Not Unix}
@end ifnottex
is not silent.)

  We call Emacs @dfn{advanced} because it can do much more than simple
insertion and deletion of text.  It can control subprocesses, indent
programs automatically, show multiple files at once, edit remote files
like they were local files, and more.  Emacs editing commands operate
in terms of characters, words, lines, sentences, paragraphs, and
pages, as well as expressions and comments in various programming
languages.

  @dfn{Self-documenting} means that at any time you can use special
commands, known as @dfn{help commands}, to find out what your options
are, or to find out what any command does, or to find all the
commands that pertain to a given topic.  @xref{Help}.

  @dfn{Customizable} means that you can easily alter the behavior of
Emacs commands in simple ways.  For instance, if you use a programming
language in which comments start with @samp{<**} and end with
@samp{**>}, you can tell the Emacs comment manipulation commands to
use those strings (@pxref{Comments}).  To take another example, you
can rebind the basic cursor motion commands (up, down, left and right)
to any keys on the keyboard that you find comfortable.
@xref{Customization}.

  @dfn{Extensible} means that you can go beyond simple customization
and create entirely new commands.  New commands are simply programs
written in the Lisp language, which are run by Emacs's own Lisp
interpreter.  Existing commands can even be redefined in the middle of
an editing session, without having to restart Emacs.  Most of the
editing commands in Emacs are written in Lisp; the few exceptions
could have been written in Lisp but use C instead for efficiency.
Writing an extension is programming, but non-programmers can use it
afterwards.  @xref{Top, Emacs Lisp Intro, Preface, eintr, An
Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp}, if you want to learn Emacs
Lisp programming.

@include screen.texi
@include commands.texi
@include entering.texi
@include basic.texi
@include mini.texi
@include m-x.texi
@include help.texi
@include mark.texi
@include killing.texi
@include regs.texi
@include display.texi
@include search.texi
@include fixit.texi
@include kmacro.texi
@c Includes arevert-xtra.
@include files.texi
@include buffers.texi
@include windows.texi
@include frames.texi
@include mule.texi
@include modes.texi
@include indent.texi
@include text.texi
@c Includes fortran-xtra.
@include programs.texi
@include building.texi
@c Includes vc1-xtra, emerge-xtra.
@include maintaining.texi
@include abbrevs.texi
@c Includes dired-xtra.
@include dired.texi
@c Includes cal-xtra.
@include calendar.texi
@include sending.texi
@include rmail.texi
@c Includes picture-xtra.texi
@include misc.texi
@include package.texi
@include custom.texi
@include trouble.texi

@node Copying
@appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
@include gpl.texi

@node GNU Free Documentation License
@appendix GNU Free Documentation License
@include doclicense.texi

@include cmdargs.texi
@include xresources.texi

@include anti.texi
@include macos.texi
@include haiku.texi
@include android.texi
@c Includes msdos-xtra.
@include msdos.texi
@include gnu.texi
@include glossary.texi
@ifnottex
@include ack.texi
@end ifnottex

@c The Option Index is produced only in the on-line version,
@c because the index entries related to command-line options
@c tend to point to the same pages and all begin with a dash.

@node Key Index
@unnumbered Key (Character) Index
@printindex ky

@ifnottex
@node Option Index
@unnumbered Command-Line Options Index
@printindex op
@end ifnottex

@node Command Index
@unnumbered Command and Function Index
@printindex fn

@node Variable Index
@unnumbered Variable Index
@printindex vr

@node Concept Index
@unnumbered Concept Index
@printindex cp

@bye

debug log:

solving 7d77f13ab21 ...
found 7d77f13ab21 in https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs.git

(*) Git path names are given by the tree(s) the blob belongs to.
    Blobs themselves have no identifier aside from the hash of its contents.^

Code repositories for project(s) associated with this public inbox

	https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/emacs.git

This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for read-only IMAP folder(s) and NNTP newsgroup(s).