Dear Kenichi, This problem have been resoved by you, in my mind, but now, it appear again. Attached are two tex files encoded with GB18030, the Emacs will display GB18030-nomal.tex correctly, but the chinese characters in GB18030-chaos.tex will be chaos, all the chaos codes use the *ISO8859-1* encoding scheme. Why? Best, Hongsheng. P.S. Both of the two files can be correctly displayed by gedit on my computer.