diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/track-changes.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/track-changes.el
index 92d14959763..325a92317ca 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/track-changes.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/track-changes.el
@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ track-changes-register
     (push tracker track-changes--clean-trackers)
     (when disjoint
       (push tracker track-changes--disjoint-trackers))
+    (cl-assert (track-changes--sane-state-p))
     tracker))
 
 (defun track-changes-unregister (id)
@@ -253,7 +254,8 @@ track-changes-unregister
             track-changes--buffer-size
             track-changes--before-clean
             track-changes--state))
-    (remove-hook 'after-change-functions  #'track-changes--after  t)))
+    (remove-hook 'after-change-functions  #'track-changes--after  t))
+  (cl-assert (track-changes--sane-state-p)))
 
 (defun track-changes-fetch (id func)
   "Fetch the pending changes for tracker ID pass them to FUNC.
@@ -372,7 +374,8 @@ track-changes-fetch
           (funcall func beg end (or before lenbefore)))
       ;; Re-enable the tracker's signal only after running `func', so
       ;; as to avoid nested invocations.
-      (cl-pushnew id track-changes--clean-trackers))))
+      (cl-pushnew id track-changes--clean-trackers)
+      (cl-assert (track-changes--sane-state-p)))))
 
 (defun track-changes-inconsistent-state-p ()
   "Return whether the current buffer is in an inconsistent state.
@@ -387,6 +390,19 @@ track-changes-inconsistent-state-p
 
 ;;;; Auxiliary functions.
 
+(defun track-changes--sane-state-p ()
+  (and (equal track-changes--buffer-size (buffer-size))
+       (or track-changes--before-no
+           (pcase track-changes--before-clean
+             ('unset t)
+             ('set (<= track-changes--before-beg track-changes--before-end))
+             ('nil
+              (<= track-changes--before-beg
+                  (track-changes--state-beg track-changes--state)
+                  (track-changes--state-end track-changes--state)
+                  track-changes--before-end))
+             (_ nil)))))
+
 (defun track-changes--clean-state ()
   (cond
    ((null track-changes--state)
@@ -551,7 +567,8 @@ track-changes--before
                                      (length track-changes--before-string))))))
               (setf track-changes--before-end new-bend)
               (cl-callf concat track-changes--before-string
-                (buffer-substring-no-properties old-bend new-bend)))))))))
+                (buffer-substring-no-properties old-bend new-bend))))))))
+  (cl-assert (track-changes--sane-state-p)))
 
 (defun track-changes--after (beg end len)
   (cl-assert track-changes--state)
@@ -576,10 +593,26 @@ track-changes--after
         ;; BEG..END is not covered by previous `before-change-functions'!!
         (track-changes--recover-from-error `(unexpected-after ,beg ,end ,len))
       ;; Note the new changes.
+      (let ((orig-beg (track-changes--state-beg track-changes--state))
+            (orig-end (track-changes--state-end track-changes--state)))
       (when (< beg (track-changes--state-beg track-changes--state))
         (setf (track-changes--state-beg track-changes--state) beg))
       (cl-callf (lambda (old-end) (max end (+ old-end offset)))
           (track-changes--state-end track-changes--state))
+      (cl-assert (or track-changes--before-no
+                     (<= track-changes--before-beg
+                         (track-changes--state-beg track-changes--state)))
+                 nil "<=? %S %S (was %S)"
+                 track-changes--before-beg
+                 (track-changes--state-beg track-changes--state)
+                 orig-beg)
+      (cl-assert (or track-changes--before-no
+                     (<= (track-changes--state-end track-changes--state)
+                         track-changes--before-end))
+                 nil "<=? %S %S (was %S)"
+                 (track-changes--state-end track-changes--state)
+                 track-changes--before-end
+                 orig-end))
       (cl-assert (or track-changes--before-no
                      (<= track-changes--before-beg
                          (track-changes--state-beg track-changes--state)
@@ -591,7 +624,8 @@ track-changes--after
       (if (track-changes--tracker-immediate tracker)
           (funcall (track-changes--tracker-signal tracker) tracker)
         (run-with-timer 0 nil #'track-changes--call-signal
-                        (current-buffer) tracker)))))
+         (current-buffer) tracker))))
+  (cl-assert (track-changes--sane-state-p)))
 
 (defun track-changes--call-signal (buf tracker)
   (when (buffer-live-p buf)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/eglot.el b/lisp/progmodes/eglot.el
index 82e99a2c920..a2c9f73fc73 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/eglot.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/eglot.el
@@ -2813,6 +2813,8 @@ eglot--signal-textDocument/didChange
 
 (defun eglot--signal-textDocument/didOpen ()
   "Send textDocument/didOpen to server."
+  ;; Flush any potential pending change.
+  (eglot--track-changes-fetch eglot--track-changes)
   (setq eglot--recent-changes nil
         eglot--versioned-identifier 0
         eglot--TextDocumentIdentifier-cache nil)