I'm getting the same symptoms as described in #16132.

From `emacs -Q': M-x find-file RET c:\temp RET

... results in the Emacs Abort Dialogue and the backtrace below.
When compiled with "-O0 -g3" or "-g3", the error doesn't occur. When
compiled with CFLAGS not set, the backtrace isn't very helpful:

(gdb) bt full
#0  0x76e3321a in KERNELBASE!DeleteAce () from
C:\Windows\syswow64\KernelBase.dll
No symbol table info available.
#1  0x0114ca82 in emacs_abort () at c:/emacs/trunk/src/w32fns.c:8443
        button = <optimized out>
#2  0x0109205c in terminate_due_to_signal (sig=sig@entry=11,
backtrace_limit=backtrace_limit@entry=40) at c:/emacs/trunk/src/emacs.c:378
No locals.
#3  0x010a7291 in handle_fatal_signal (sig=11) at
c:/emacs/trunk/src/sysdep.c:1628
No locals.
#4  deliver_thread_signal (sig=11, handler=<optimized out>) at
c:/emacs/trunk/src/sysdep.c:1602
        handler = 0x10a7172 <handle_fatal_signal>
#5  deliver_fatal_thread_signal (sig=11) at c:/emacs/trunk/src/sysdep.c:1640
No locals.
#6  0x010011ea in _gnu_exception_handler@4 ()
No symbol table info available.
#7  0x772ffffb in KERNEL32!GetQueuedCompletionStatus () from
C:\Windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
No symbol table info available.
#8  0x0088df18 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.
#9  0x779674ff in ntdll!AlpcMaxAllowedMessageLength () from
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ntdll.dll
No symbol table info available.
#10 0x0088df18 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.
#11 0x77929f45 in ntdll!RtlpNtSetValueKey () from
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ntdll.dll
No symbol table info available.
#12 0x011267be in sprintf (__stream=0x0, __format=0x1371be0 "Copying raw
data for %.8s...", __format=0x1371be0 "Copying raw data for %.8s...")
    at c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.7.2/../../../../include/stdio.h:269
        __retval = 6
        __local_argv = 0x88ffec ""
#13 0x7efde000 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.
#14 0x00000000 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.
(gdb) xbacktrace
Undefined command: "xbacktrace".  Try "help".
(gdb) quit

When started from the debugger things are no better (no stack pointer?).
(The result is similar if "\temp" is specified as a command line argument.)

C:\emacs>gdb --quiet --args c:\emacs\emacs-116232\bin\emacs.exe -Q
Reading symbols from c:\emacs\emacs-116232\bin\emacs.exe...done.
(gdb) run

;;; (Now type: M-x find-file RET \temp RET)

Starting program: c:\emacs\emacs-116232\bin\emacs.exe -Q
[New Thread 5320.0x1a6c]
[New Thread 5320.0x1e6c]
[New Thread 5320.0xa4c]
[New Thread 5320.0x1f88]

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x03b19605 in __register_frame_info ()
(gdb) thread apply all bt full

Thread 4 (Thread 5320.0x1f88):
#0  0x767078d7 in USER32!IsDialogMessage () from
C:\Windows\syswow64\user32.dll
No symbol table info available.
#1  0x767078d7 in USER32!IsDialogMessage () from
C:\Windows\syswow64\user32.dll
No symbol table info available.
#2  0x7670790d in USER32!GetCursorPos () from C:\Windows\syswow64\user32.dll
No symbol table info available.
#3  0x6ec1fe74 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.
#4  0x0114ff2c in w32_msg_pump (msg_buf=<optimized out>) at
c:/emacs/trunk/src/w32fns.c:2449
        msg = {hwnd = 0x22210f8, message = 1040, wParam = 0, lParam = 0,
time = 185904691, pt = {x = 500, y = 705}}
        result = <optimized out>
        focus_window = <optimized out>
#5  0x00000000 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.

Thread 3 (Thread 5320.0xa4c):
#0  0x7790fd91 in ntdll!RtlFindSetBits () from C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll
No symbol table info available.
#1  0x7790fd91 in ntdll!RtlFindSetBits () from C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll
No symbol table info available.
#2  0x76e33bc8 in SleepEx () from C:\Windows\syswow64\KernelBase.dll
No symbol table info available.
#3  0x00000000 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.

Thread 2 (Thread 5320.0x1e6c):
#0  0x7791015d in ntdll!RtlEnableEarlyCriticalSectionEventCreation () from
C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll
No symbol table info available.
#1  0x7791015d in ntdll!RtlEnableEarlyCriticalSectionEventCreation () from
C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll
No symbol table info available.
#2  0x77942f91 in ntdll!RtlWeaklyEnumerateEntryHashTable () from
C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll
No symbol table info available.
#3  0x00000003 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.
#4  0x00cd1258 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.
#5  0x772c336a in KERNEL32!BaseCleanupAppcompatCacheSupport () from
C:\Windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
No symbol table info available.
#6  0x00000000 in ?? ()
No symbol table info available.

Thread 1 (Thread 5320.0x1a6c):
#0  0x03b19605 in __register_frame_info ()
No symbol table info available.
Cannot access memory at address 0x6
(gdb) quit

In GNU Emacs 24.3.50.1 (i686-pc-mingw32)
 of 2014-02-01 on 57172UHB
Repository revision: 116232 eliz@gnu.org-20140201115310-cjn5tvleyejff9dy
Windowing system distributor `Microsoft Corp.', version 6.1.7601
Configured using:
 `configure --prefix c:/emacs/emacs-116232
 --enable-locallisppath=%emacs_dir%/../site-lisp 'CPPFLAGS=-I
 G:/usr/include -I C:/GnuWin32/include' 'LDFLAGS=-L G:/usr/lib -L
 C:/GnuWin32/lib''

Important settings:
  value of $LANG: ENG
  locale-coding-system: cp1252

Major mode: Lisp Interaction

Minor modes in effect:
  tooltip-mode: t
  electric-indent-mode: t
  mouse-wheel-mode: t
  tool-bar-mode: t
  menu-bar-mode: t
  file-name-shadow-mode: t
  global-font-lock-mode: t
  font-lock-mode: t
  blink-cursor-mode: t
  auto-composition-mode: t
  auto-encryption-mode: t
  auto-compression-mode: t
  line-number-mode: t
  transient-mark-mode: t

Recent input:
M-x r - e - b <return>

Recent messages:
For information about GNU Emacs and the GNU system, type C-h C-a.

Load-path shadows:
None found.

Features:
(shadow sort gnus-util mail-extr emacsbug message format-spec rfc822 mml
easymenu mml-sec mm-decode mm-bodies mm-encode mail-parse rfc2231
mailabbrev gmm-utils mailheader sendmail rfc2047 rfc2045 ietf-drums
mm-util help-fns mail-prsvr mail-utils time-date tooltip electric
uniquify ediff-hook vc-hooks lisp-float-type mwheel dos-w32 ls-lisp
w32-common-fns disp-table w32-win w32-vars tool-bar dnd fontset image
regexp-opt fringe tabulated-list newcomment lisp-mode prog-mode register
page menu-bar rfn-eshadow timer select scroll-bar mouse jit-lock
font-lock syntax facemenu font-core frame cham georgian utf-8-lang
misc-lang vietnamese tibetan thai tai-viet lao korean japanese hebrew
greek romanian slovak czech european ethiopic indian cyrillic chinese
case-table epa-hook jka-cmpr-hook help simple abbrev minibuffer nadvice
loaddefs button faces cus-face macroexp files text-properties overlay
sha1 md5 base64 format env code-pages mule custom widget
hashtable-print-readable backquote make-network-process w32notify w32
multi-tty emacs)