The last comment was quite confusing. So I would like to re-summarize the result. 

2023년 11월 7일 (화) 오전 2:04, Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>님이 작성:
> Date: Tue, 7 Nov 2023 01:37:43 +0900
> From: SUKBEOM KIM <sukbeom.kim@gmail.com>
>
> I forgot to provide the test sequence to reproduce the issue:
>
> 1 type 'aeiou' and <C-a>
>
> 2 <M-x> set-input-method and set to korean-hangul (2-beoksik)
>
> 3 <M-x> overwrite-mode.
>   Replace 'ae' to '아' and 'oi' to '에'. You can type them with typing 'dk', 'dp'.
>
> 4 I expected '아에u', but the actual result is '아에aeiou'.
>  Replacing Korean characters with alphabets is working but not vice versa.

What happens if you type the Korean characters using a Korean
keyboard, not via a Leim input method?  Does it also not work?  Or is
the problem only with typing via an input method?