bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Herman, Geza]

Copy this half-written program to a c++-ts-mode buffer:

----- 8< -----------------------

void foo() {
   for (int i=0
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
}

----- 8< -----------------------

Move the point to the end of the line of the for loop, and press ";" (as 
if you continued to write the loop). Notice that the line will lose its 
indentation ("for" will be moved to column 1). If you continue writing 
the for loop, it will be correctly re-indented after the closing 
parenthesis (for example, continue the line with "; i<10; i++)", and 
notice that after pressing ")", the line will be re-indented).

This doesn't happen if the main function is deleted. I'm not sure 
whether this is a tree-sitter or emacs problem, but I reported here 
because I think it's more likely that this is some emacs problem.


In GNU Emacs 29.0.60 (build 1, x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version
  3.24.36, cairo version 1.16.0) of 2023-03-23 built on okoska
Repository revision: d93a439846f03dfb2be28d6b5c2e963ef6be0c22
Repository branch: emacs-29
Windowing system distributor 'The X.Org Foundation', version 11.0.12101006
System Description: Debian GNU/Linux bookworm/sid

Configured using:
  'configure --with-native-compilation=aot --without-compress-install
  --with-json --with-xinput2 --with-xwidgets --with-tree-sitter
  --with-cairo'

Configured features:
ACL CAIRO DBUS FREETYPE GIF GLIB GMP GNUTLS GPM GSETTINGS HARFBUZZ JPEG
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NATIVE_COMP NOTIFY INOTIFY PDUMPER PNG SECCOMP SOUND SQLITE3 THREADS
TIFF TOOLKIT_SCROLL_BARS TREE_SITTER WEBP X11 XDBE XIM XINPUT2 XPM
XWIDGETS GTK3 ZLIB

Important settings:
   value of $LC_ALL: C.UTF-8
   value of $LANG: en_US.UTF-8
   value of $XMODIFIERS: @im=none
   locale-coding-system: utf-8-unix

Major mode: C++//

Minor modes in effect:
   tooltip-mode: t
   global-eldoc-mode: t
   show-paren-mode: t
   electric-indent-mode: t
   mouse-wheel-mode: t
   tool-bar-mode: t
   menu-bar-mode: t
   file-name-shadow-mode: t
   global-font-lock-mode: t
   font-lock-mode: t
   blink-cursor-mode: t
   line-number-mode: t
   indent-tabs-mode: t
   transient-mark-mode: t
   auto-composition-mode: t
   auto-encryption-mode: t
   auto-compression-mode: t

Load-path shadows:
None found.

Features:
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Memory information:
((conses 16 109621 7046)
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bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Yuan Fu]

"Herman, Geza" <geza.herman@gmail.com> writes:

> Copy this half-written program to a c++-ts-mode buffer:
>
> ----- 8< -----------------------
>
> void foo() {
>   for (int i=0
> }
>
> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
> }
>
> ----- 8< -----------------------
>
> Move the point to the end of the line of the for loop, and press ";"
> (as if you continued to write the loop). Notice that the line will
> lose its indentation ("for" will be moved to column 1). If you
> continue writing the for loop, it will be correctly re-indented after
> the closing parenthesis (for example, continue the line with "; i<10;
> i++)", and notice that after pressing ")", the line will be
> re-indented).
>
> This doesn't happen if the main function is deleted. I'm not sure
> whether this is a tree-sitter or emacs problem, but I reported here
> because I think it's more likely that this is some emacs problem.

I believe this is due to this rule:

((query "(ERROR (ERROR)) @indent") column-0 0)

I’m not sure about the original purpose for this rule, CC’ing Theo.

Yuan

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Theodor Thornhill via Bug reports for GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors]

On 24 March 2023 19:17:28 CET, Yuan Fu <casouri@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>"Herman, Geza" <geza.herman@gmail.com> writes:
>
>> Copy this half-written program to a c++-ts-mode buffer:
>>
>> ----- 8< -----------------------
>>
>> void foo() {
>>   for (int i=0
>> }
>>
>> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
>> }
>>
>> ----- 8< -----------------------
>>
>> Move the point to the end of the line of the for loop, and press ";"
>> (as if you continued to write the loop). Notice that the line will
>> lose its indentation ("for" will be moved to column 1). If you
>> continue writing the for loop, it will be correctly re-indented after
>> the closing parenthesis (for example, continue the line with "; i<10;
>> i++)", and notice that after pressing ")", the line will be
>> re-indented).
>>
>> This doesn't happen if the main function is deleted. I'm not sure
>> whether this is a tree-sitter or emacs problem, but I reported here
>> because I think it's more likely that this is some emacs problem.
>
>I believe this is due to this rule:
>
>((query "(ERROR (ERROR)) @indent") column-0 0)
>
>I’m not sure about the original purpose for this rule, CC’ing Theo.
>
>Yuan
I'll look more deeply into the cause of this, but the rule is covering some preproc directives iirc.

Unfortunately tree-sitter behaves better when auto pairs is used. I would advise people to use electric-pairs-mode (if that's the correct name, on mobile now) to avoid these sorts of issues. 

Theo

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[João Távora]

On Fri, Mar 24, 2023 at 10:02 PM Theodor Thornhill via Bug reports for
GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors
<bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org> wrote:
e about the original purpose for this rule, CC’ing Theo.
> >
> >Yuan
> I'll look more deeply into the cause of this, but the rule is covering some preproc directives iirc.
>
> Unfortunately tree-sitter behaves better when auto pairs is used. I would advise people to use electric-pairs-mode (if that's the correct name, on mobile now) to avoid these sorts of issues.

electric-pair-mode, it's not on by default.

But, for some reason, electric-indent-mode _is_ on by default,
at least in c++-ts-mode.

So this has nothing to do with tree-sitter IMO, it's just
electric-pair-mode doing its thing.

Why is it on by default?  A fair number of users don't like
this electricity, or prefer to have it toned down.  At least
this has been the  argument for not turning on electric-pair-mode
by default, which is a much less jarring mode IMO, and one which
would solve these problems.

João

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Theodor Thornhill via Bug reports for GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors]

On 25 March 2023 09:53:31 CET, "João Távora" <joaotavora@gmail.com> wrote:
>On Fri, Mar 24, 2023 at 10:02 PM Theodor Thornhill via Bug reports for
>GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors
><bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org> wrote:
>e about the original purpose for this rule, CC’ing Theo.
>> >
>> >Yuan
>> I'll look more deeply into the cause of this, but the rule is covering some preproc directives iirc.
>>
>> Unfortunately tree-sitter behaves better when auto pairs is used. I would advise people to use electric-pairs-mode (if that's the correct name, on mobile now) to avoid these sorts of issues.
>
>electric-pair-mode, it's not on by default.
>
>But, for some reason, electric-indent-mode _is_ on by default,
>at least in c++-ts-mode.
>
>So this has nothing to do with tree-sitter IMO, it's just
>electric-pair-mode doing its thing.
>
>Why is it on by default?  A fair number of users don't like
>this electricity, or prefer to have it toned down.  At least
>this has been the  argument for not turning on electric-pair-mode
>by default, which is a much less jarring mode IMO, and one which
>would solve these problems.
>
>João

Yeah, maybe! But I was under the impression that indentation was electric by default in most modes, but I may be mistaken.

The reason I mentioned electric-pair-mode is that the parser fails less often when the closing paren or bracket is inserted, as it is much simpler to have a functional ast.

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Herman, Géza]

That's the difference. c++-ts-mode appends "{}():;,#" to 
electric-indent-chars, while c++-mode doesn't do this.

Nevertheless, I think that the calculated intendation should be a 
correct number. Even if the user turns off electric-indent-mode, but 
dedices to call re-indenting manually for a half-written for loop, emacs 
should re-intent the line properly. At least, this specific example 
works OK with c++-mode.

(note that I understand that this problem is not trivial, tree 
sitter/emacs may get confused if the buffer cannot be properly parsed)

On 3/25/23 09:53, João Távora wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 24, 2023 at 10:02 PM Theodor Thornhill via Bug reports for
> GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors
> <bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org> wrote:
> e about the original purpose for this rule, CC’ing Theo.
>>> Yuan
>> I'll look more deeply into the cause of this, but the rule is covering some preproc directives iirc.
>>
>> Unfortunately tree-sitter behaves better when auto pairs is used. I would advise people to use electric-pairs-mode (if that's the correct name, on mobile now) to avoid these sorts of issues.
> electric-pair-mode, it's not on by default.
>
> But, for some reason, electric-indent-mode _is_ on by default,
> at least in c++-ts-mode.
>
> So this has nothing to do with tree-sitter IMO, it's just
> electric-pair-mode doing its thing.
>
> Why is it on by default?  A fair number of users don't like
> this electricity, or prefer to have it toned down.  At least
> this has been the  argument for not turning on electric-pair-mode
> by default, which is a much less jarring mode IMO, and one which
> would solve these problems.
>
> João

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[João Távora]

On Sat, Mar 25, 2023 at 10:19 AM Theodor Thornhill <theo@thornhill.no> wrote:
>
>
>
> On 25 March 2023 09:53:31 CET, "João Távora" <joaotavora@gmail.com> wrote:
> >On Fri, Mar 24, 2023 at 10:02 PM Theodor Thornhill via Bug reports for
> >GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors
> ><bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org> wrote:
> >e about the original purpose for this rule, CC’ing Theo.
> >> >
> >> >Yuan
> >> I'll look more deeply into the cause of this, but the rule is covering some preproc directives iirc.
> >>
> >> Unfortunately tree-sitter behaves better when auto pairs is used. I would advise people to use electric-pairs-mode (if that's the correct name, on mobile now) to avoid these sorts of issues.
> >
> >electric-pair-mode, it's not on by default.
> >
> >But, for some reason, electric-indent-mode _is_ on by default,
> >at least in c++-ts-mode.
> >
> >So this has nothing to do with tree-sitter IMO, it's just
> >electric-pair-mode doing its thing.
> >
> >Why is it on by default?  A fair number of users don't like
> >this electricity, or prefer to have it toned down.  At least
> >this has been the  argument for not turning on electric-pair-mode
> >by default, which is a much less jarring mode IMO, and one which
> >would solve these problems.
> >
> >João
>
> Yeah, maybe! But I was under the impression that indentation was electric by default in most modes, but I may be mistaken.
>
> The reason I mentioned electric-pair-mode is that the parser fails less often when the closing paren or bracket is inserted, as it is much simpler to have a functional ast.

Sure.  I wrote electric-pair-mode and that's exactly the point.

electric-indent-mode is on by default, but many modes just
use the default value for electric-indent-chars, which only
contains a newline, and so they aren't affected by this problem.

In c++-ts-mode, you gave electric-indent-chars a richer value,
including characters such as '}', ':' and ';'.  This is not
unreasonable, but, as you've discovered, only really goes together
well with electric-pair-mode.

João

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[João Távora]

On Sat, Mar 25, 2023 at 10:26 AM Herman, Géza <geza.herman@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> That's the difference. c++-ts-mode appends "{}():;,#" to
> electric-indent-chars, while c++-mode doesn't do this.
>
> Nevertheless, I think that the calculated intendation should be a
> correct number. Even if the user turns off electric-indent-mode, but
> dedices to call re-indenting manually for a half-written for loop, emacs
> should re-intent the line properly. At least, this specific example
> works OK with c++-mode.
>
> (note that I understand that this problem is not trivial, tree
> sitter/emacs may get confused if the buffer cannot be properly parsed)

There can be no "correct" indentation in a buffer with an invalid state.

But there are heuristics.  Here, it can be argued that c++-mode's
heuristics are better.

Let's assume you turn off electric-indent-mode. In c++-mode, pressing RET
after:

   int main() {

"correctly" indents the next line.  In c++-ts-mode, it doesn't.

Both programs are ill-formed but you're right that after correcting
that, by say adding 'return 0; RET }', the c++-mode version of the
same program is closer to being correctly indented.

But this heuristic is not always great, so it's a stick with two ends.

Now let's take another invalid program:
   int foo()
   class bar { | <- cursor here
   }

In c++-mode typing TAB indents the class line to the second column,
which is arguably worse than c++-ts-mode, which doesn't do anything.
That's because you may well want to work on that class and then only
remember that you need the ';' for the declaration of 'foo'.

IMO, it's a question of getting used to it in the end.  And using
electric-pair-mode helps a lot, as some have pointed out.

João

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Herman, Géza]

On 3/25/23 12:43, João Távora wrote:
>
> There can be no "correct" indentation in a buffer with an invalid state.
>
> But there are heuristics.  Here, it can be argued that c++-mode's
> heuristics are better.
I agree. In my opinion, c++-mode's heuristics are good. Tree-sitter 
support is new, it's expected that it won't work perfectly. Also, it 
doesn't have to handle any invalid program. But, while writing a 
program, it should handle indentation sensibly. I don't think that it's 
a good approach that everybody who uses electric indent should get used 
to the fact that whenever they writing a for loop, the line will jump 
around. It's a bad experience.

Anyways, feel free to close this issue if you think otherwise. I just 
disabled ';'-caused auto indenting, so I don't see this unpleasant 
behavior any more.

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[João Távora]

"Herman, Géza" <geza.herman@gmail.com> writes:

> On 3/25/23 12:43, João Távora wrote:
>>
>> There can be no "correct" indentation in a buffer with an invalid state.
>>
>> But there are heuristics.  Here, it can be argued that c++-mode's
>> heuristics are better.
> I agree. In my opinion, c++-mode's heuristics are good.

That's probably only because we're _used_ to c++-mode.  If we had been
using c++-ts-mode for years, we would be equally suprised.

> Tree-sitter support is new, it's expected that it won't work
> perfectly. Also, it doesn't have to handle any invalid program. But,
> while writing a program, it should handle indentation sensibly. I
> don't think that it's a good approach that everybody who uses electric
> indent should get used to the fact that whenever they writing a for
> loop, the line will jump around. It's a bad experience.

But writing a for loop from scratch is only one of the editing
activities you do in a C++ file.  Other activities involve editing
existing code.  In those situations, c++-ts-mode's heuristics could
"win".  Unless you're willing to posit that writing code from scratch is
more frequent than editing existing code, there's no right answer here.

> Anyways, feel free to close this issue if you think otherwise. I just
> disabled ';'-caused auto indenting, so I don't see this unpleasant
> behavior any more.

Yes, i'm inclined to think that c++-ts-mode shouldn't add any chars to
electric-indent-chars.  It's just not useful.

João

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Theodor Thornhill via Bug reports for GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors]

On 25 March 2023 17:23:35 CET, "João Távora" <joaotavora@gmail.com> wrote:
>"Herman, Géza" <geza.herman@gmail.com> writes:
>
>> On 3/25/23 12:43, João Távora wrote:
>>>
>>> There can be no "correct" indentation in a buffer with an invalid state.
>>>
>>> But there are heuristics.  Here, it can be argued that c++-mode's
>>> heuristics are better.
>> I agree. In my opinion, c++-mode's heuristics are good.
>
>That's probably only because we're _used_ to c++-mode.  If we had been
>using c++-ts-mode for years, we would be equally suprised.
>
>> Tree-sitter support is new, it's expected that it won't work
>> perfectly. Also, it doesn't have to handle any invalid program. But,
>> while writing a program, it should handle indentation sensibly. I
>> don't think that it's a good approach that everybody who uses electric
>> indent should get used to the fact that whenever they writing a for
>> loop, the line will jump around. It's a bad experience.
>
>But writing a for loop from scratch is only one of the editing
>activities you do in a C++ file.  Other activities involve editing
>existing code.  In those situations, c++-ts-mode's heuristics could
>"win".  Unless you're willing to posit that writing code from scratch is
>more frequent than editing existing code, there's no right answer here.
>
>> Anyways, feel free to close this issue if you think otherwise. I just
>> disabled ';'-caused auto indenting, so I don't see this unpleasant
>> behavior any more.
>
>Yes, i'm inclined to think that c++-ts-mode shouldn't add any chars to
>electric-indent-chars.  It's just not useful.
>
>João

I won't object to this, as I hold no strong opinions either way. Would removing it cause less confusion, yet still reindent correctly in most cases?

If so, feel free to remove it, unless anyone else objects :)

Theo

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Herman, Géza]

On 3/25/23 17:23, João Távora wrote:
>
>> I agree. In my opinion, c++-mode's heuristics are good.
> That's probably only because we're _used_ to c++-mode.  If we had been
> using c++-ts-mode for years, we would be equally suprised.
Yes, that can be true.

>
>> Tree-sitter support is new, it's expected that it won't work
>> perfectly. Also, it doesn't have to handle any invalid program. But,
>> while writing a program, it should handle indentation sensibly. I
>> don't think that it's a good approach that everybody who uses electric
>> indent should get used to the fact that whenever they writing a for
>> loop, the line will jump around. It's a bad experience.
> But writing a for loop from scratch is only one of the editing
> activities you do in a C++ file.  Other activities involve editing
> existing code.  In those situations, c++-ts-mode's heuristics could
> "win".  Unless you're willing to posit that writing code from scratch is
> more frequent than editing existing code, there's no right answer here.
What is the c++-ts heuristics here so it removes the indentation? I 
don't really understand why it does that. Is there a similarly looking 
situation where removing the indentation is the sensible behavior?


>> Anyways, feel free to close this issue if you think otherwise. I just
>> disabled ';'-caused auto indenting, so I don't see this unpleasant
>> behavior any more.
> Yes, i'm inclined to think that c++-ts-mode shouldn't add any chars to
> electric-indent-chars.  It's just not useful.
>
As far as I know, c++-mode has ';'-caused auto indenting, it just works 
with a different mechanism. So if the aim is that the two c++ modes 
should work similarly out of the box, then it'd make sense to keep 
electric-indent-chars as is.

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[João Távora]

On Sat, Mar 25, 2023 at 5:47 PM Herman, Géza <geza.herman@gmail.com> wrote:

> So if the aim is that the two c++ modes
> should work similarly out of the box, then it'd make sense to keep
> electric-indent-chars as is.

Only _if_ it is generally understood that c++-ts-mode's heuristics are
worse.  And only _then_ if they can somehow fixed to become better.

Until these conditions are satisfied, I think electric-indent-chars
has to be left alone.

João

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Daniel Martín via Bug reports for GNU Emacs, the Swiss army knife of text editors]

Theodor Thornhill <theo@thornhill.no> writes:

> I'll look more deeply into the cause of this, but the rule is covering some preproc directives iirc.
>
> Unfortunately tree-sitter behaves better when auto pairs is used. I
> would advise people to use electric-pairs-mode (if that's the correct
> name, on mobile now) to avoid these sorts of issues.
>

Yes, I think that having an error node in the indentation rules is not a
good idea.  It can cause unexpected issues like the one described in
this thread.  I'd explore the idea of removing error nodes from the
rules before resorting to tweak the electric or pairing features of
Emacs.

Let's look into the problem that the introduction of the error node
tried to solve, the indentation of preprocessor directives.  Starting
with this code:

int
main()
{
  |
}

if I type '#', automatic indentation does not happen because, at that
stage, the AST doesn't recognize the full preprocessor directive (the
node in the AST is an error node).  If I continue writing the
preprocessor directive (say, "#ifdef DEBUG"), the preprocessor node is
created correctly, but it would require a manual TAB to go to column 0
because we haven't inserted any electric character while we completed
the directive.  The same manual TAB is required by c++-mode, so I
wouldn't see this as a regression.

However, there might be still minor divergences between c++-mode and
c++-ts-mode.  For example:

int
main()
{
#if
}

This in-progress code would indent correctly in c++-mode, but on
c-ts-mode the node is an error node, so we won't reliably know that it
should indent to column 0.  If we want to fix these minor divergences, I
see two possible approaches:

- Investigate if the C/C++ grammars can be improved to cover these cases
  better.

- Without changing the grammars, could we insert our own preprocessor
  nodes in the AST tree by checking if the first non-whitespace
  character of the line is the beginning of #assert, #define, #include,
  #if, #ifndef, #elif, etc.?

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Herman, Géza]

On 3/25/23 12:43, João Távora wrote:
> Let's assume you turn off electric-indent-mode. In c++-mode, pressing RET
> after:
>
>     int main() {
>
> "correctly" indents the next line.  In c++-ts-mode, it doesn't.
>
> Both programs are ill-formed but you're right that after correcting
> that, by say adding 'return 0; RET }', the c++-mode version of the
> same program is closer to being correctly indented.
I'd say that the current c++-ts-mode behavior is very bad for this example.

If you type this into an empty buffer:

int main() {

and press RET, the new line won't get indented. But the case is worse, 
because TAB doesn't work either (doesn't do anything). Supposedly 
because tree sitter has the wrong idea of the indentation: if add 
indentation by using spaces, pressing TAB deletes the spaces.

(Note: it doesn't matter whether electric-indent-mode is turned on or 
off, same thing happens).

bug#62412: 29.0.60; strange c++ indentation behavior with tree sitter

[Stefan Kangas]

Theodor Thornhill <theo@thornhill.no> writes:

> On 25 March 2023 17:23:35 CET, "João Távora" <joaotavora@gmail.com> wrote:
>>"Herman, Géza" <geza.herman@gmail.com> writes:
>>
>>> Anyways, feel free to close this issue if you think otherwise. I
>>> just disabled ';'-caused auto indenting, so I don't see this
>>> unpleasant behavior any more.
>>
>>Yes, i'm inclined to think that c++-ts-mode shouldn't add any chars to
>>electric-indent-chars.  It's just not useful.
>
> I won't object to this, as I hold no strong opinions either way.

It seems like this is not something we want to do, so I'm closing this
bug.