(defconst bug-36877-dup-table (make-hash-table :test 'eq))
(defun bug-36877-debug-fix-list-dups (fix-list)
  (clrhash bug-36877-dup-table)
  (dolist (item fix-list)
    (let ((buf (uniquify-item-buffer item)))
      (if (gethash buf bug-36877-dup-table)
          (progn (debug nil "Adding duplicate to uniquify list!" item)
                 ;; Just once.
                 (advice-remove 'uniquify-rationalize
                                #'bug-36877-debug-fix-list-dups))
        (puthash buf item bug-36877-dup-table)))))
(advice-add 'uniquify-rationalize :before #'bug-36877-debug-fix-list-dups)
(setq uniquify-after-kill-buffer-p nil)

(defconst bug-36877-topdir (file-name-directory
                            (or load-file-name
                                buffer-file-name)))

(dolist (dir '("a" "b" "c"))
  (setq dir (expand-file-name dir bug-36877-topdir))
  (make-directory dir t)
  (find-file (expand-file-name "foo" dir)))
 
(kill-buffer (get-file-buffer (expand-file-name "c/foo" bug-36877-topdir)))
(find-file (expand-file-name "c/foo" bug-36877-topdir))