bug#50096: args-out-of-range in redisplay_internal

[Juri Linkov <juri@linkov.net>]

>> (gdb) xstring
>> $8 = (struct Lisp_String *) 0x7f015341fb80
>> " *Minibuf-0*"
>
> Hm... something else is at work here.

I don't understand how this is supposed to work.  The buffer " *Minibuf-0*"
is always empty at the time of calling message3_nolog, whereas the buffer
" *Echo Area 0*" contains the message to display.  The steps are following:

1. message3_nolog calls echo_area_display
2. echo_area_display calls redisplay_internal
3. redisplay_internal clears all matrices with clear_desired_matrices
4. redisplay_internal calls echo_area_display
   that temporarily changes mini_window's buffer
   from " *Minibuf-0*" to " *Echo Area 0*".
   This updates w->desired_matrix to contain information
   about " *Echo Area 0*" displayed in the mini_window.
   But unwind_with_echo_area_buffer immediately
   changes mini_window's buffer back to empty " *Minibuf-0*".
5. redisplay_internal calls hscroll_window_tree
   where cursor_row already contains information
   that was valid when " *Echo Area 0*" was temporarily
   displayed in mini_window:

(gdb) l
14896		    cursor_row = MATRIX_ROW (w->desired_matrix, w->cursor.vpos);
(gdb) p *cursor_row
...
  start = {
    pos = {
      charpos = 1737,
      bytepos = 1737
    },
...
  end = {
    pos = {
      charpos = 2150,
      bytepos = 2150

These numbers are valid positions in " *Echo Area 0*"
that was temporarily displayed in mini_window,
but now mini_window's buffer is empty " *Minibuf-0*".

>> PS: Some commit between e2eb58c487 and 31ab12e261 broke that,
>> but maybe this is not important because these commits
>> just changed the length of the git command by adding ":(literal)",
>> and length change maybe exposed some other problem.
>
> You are saying that if you remove the ":(literal)" part without
> changing anything else, the problem goes away?

Indeed, it broke after the commit 3572613550.
But after applying this patch it works again without errors:

diff --git a/lisp/vc/vc-git.el b/lisp/vc/vc-git.el
index ffe1e6832c..0bea987a06 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/vc-git.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/vc-git.el
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ vc-git-checkin
                (lambda (value) (when (equal value "yes") (list argument)))))
       ;; When operating on the whole tree, better pass "-a" than ".", since "."
       ;; fails when we're committing a merge.
-      (apply #'vc-git-command nil 0 (if only (vc-git--literal-pathspecs files))
+      (apply #'vc-git-command nil 0 (if only files)
              (nconc (if msg-file (list "commit" "-F"
                                        (file-local-name msg-file))
                       (list "commit" "-m"))

I guess additional ":(literal)" string increases the length
of the displayed message, and longer message triggers the bug.