This is related to #59804 and #54384.

I will occasionally (about 30% of the time) see hangs when running shell-resync-dirs in Emacs 29. I tracked this down to two issues:


First is in shell-eval-command. For Emacs 29 this function was added to fix #54384. It has this section in the code:

```
;; Wait until we get a prompt (which will be a line without
 ;; a newline). This is far from fool-proof -- if something
 ;; outputs incomplete data and then sleeps, we'll think
 ;; we've received the prompt.
 (while (not (let* ((lines (string-lines result))
 (last (car (last lines))))
 (and (length> lines 0)
 (not (equal last ""))
 (or (not prev)
 (not (equal last prev)))
 (setq prev last))))
 (accept-process-output proc 0 100))
```

Note that is says that is looking for “a line without a newline” to determine if we have reached the prompt. However this code does not actually do that. If the result ends in a newline it will still terminate the loop and not wait for more input. We can see that by the fact that the following code evaluates to nil.

```
(let ((result "dirs\n") prev)
 (not (let* ((lines (string-lines result))
 (last (car (last lines))))
 (and (length> lines 0)
 (not (equal last ""))
 (or (not prev)
 (not (equal last prev)))
 (setq prev last)))))
```

I am not sure what this code is supposed to do, but the issue arrises if the process output sends anything to this function it will terminate and not wait for more input. In my case the issue is that the shell is echoing the command followed by the result (comint-process-echoes). About 30% of the time these two lines get sent as part of two different outputs. Meaning the second line (the directory for shell-resync-dirs) does not get captured and instead gets printed to the terminal.


This leads us to the hang. The issue is this code in shell-resync-dirs:

```
(while dlsl
 (let ((newelt "")
 tem1 tem2)
 (while newelt
 ;; We need tem1 because we don't want to prepend
 ;; `comint-file-name-prefix' repeatedly into newelt via tem2.
 (setq tem1 (pop dlsl)
 tem2 (concat comint-file-name-prefix tem1 newelt))
 (cond ((file-directory-p tem2)
 (push tem2 ds)
 (when (string= " " (car dlsl))
 (pop dlsl))
 (setq newelt nil))
 (t
 (setq newelt (concat tem1 newelt)))))))
```

This loop can only terminate if tem2 is a valid directory. Otherwise it will take the default case in the cond and loop forever. And since the bug in shell-eval-command does not provide the directory when the process output is split, we get a hang.

I believe both of these need to be fixed to properly fix the bug.

For the shell-eval-command I don’t understand what that loop is trying to do now, so I am not sure how to fix it without breaking its functionality. I would just use (string-suffix-p “\n” result) to check if the output ends in a newline, but the code is obviously trying to do something more complex there.

If we fix that issue then it will resolve the hang in shell-resync-dirs, but I think that is just glossing over the problem. That functions should never hang, no matter what output it get’s from the shell. My recommendation would be to add `(and dlsl newelt)` as the condition for the inner while loop with newelt. That way if dlsl is empty, it will terminate the loop since there is nothing more to process. This fixed the issue for me.