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| | ;;; smime.el --- S/MIME support library
;; Copyright (C) 2000-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;; Author: Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org>
;; Keywords: SMIME X.509 PEM OpenSSL
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
;;; Commentary:
;; This library perform S/MIME operations from within Emacs.
;;
;; Functions for fetching certificates from public repositories are
;; provided, currently from DNS and LDAP.
;;
;; It uses OpenSSL (tested with version 0.9.5a and 0.9.6) for signing,
;; encryption and decryption.
;;
;; Some general knowledge of S/MIME, X.509, PKCS#12, PEM etc is
;; probably required to use this library in any useful way.
;; Especially, don't expect this library to buy security for you. If
;; you don't understand what you are doing, you're as likely to lose
;; security than gain any by using this library.
;;
;; This library is not intended to provide a "raw" API for S/MIME,
;; PKCSx or similar, it's intended to perform common operations
;; done on messages encoded in these formats. The terminology chosen
;; reflect this.
;;
;; The home of this file is in Gnus, but also available from
;; http://josefsson.org/smime.html.
;;; Quick introduction:
;; Get your S/MIME certificate from VeriSign or someplace. I used
;; Netscape to generate the key and certificate request and stuff, and
;; Netscape can export the key into PKCS#12 format.
;;
;; Enter OpenSSL. To be able to use this library, it need to have the
;; SMIME key readable in PEM format. OpenSSL is used to convert the
;; key:
;;
;; $ openssl pkcs12 -in mykey.p12 -clcerts -nodes > mykey.pem
;; ...
;;
;; Now, use M-x customize-variable smime-keys and add mykey.pem as
;; a key.
;;
;; Now you should be able to sign messages! Create a buffer and write
;; something and run M-x smime-sign-buffer RET RET and you should see
;; your message MIME armored and a signature. Encryption, M-x
;; smime-encrypt-buffer, should also work.
;;
;; To be able to verify messages you need to build up trust with
;; someone. Perhaps you trust the CA that issued your certificate, at
;; least I did, so I export it's certificates from my PKCS#12
;; certificate with:
;;
;; $ openssl pkcs12 -in mykey.p12 -cacerts -nodes > cacert.pem
;; ...
;;
;; Now, use M-x customize-variable smime-CAs and add cacert.pem as a
;; CA certificate.
;;
;; You should now be able to sign messages, and even verify messages
;; sent by others that use the same CA as you.
;; Bugs:
;;
;; Don't complain that this package doesn't do encrypted PEM files,
;; submit a patch instead. I store my keys in a safe place, so I
;; didn't need the encryption. Also, programming was made easier by
;; that decision. One might think that this even influenced were I
;; store my keys, and one would probably be right. :-)
;;
;; Update: Mathias Herberts sent the patch. However, it uses
;; environment variables to pass the password to OpenSSL, which is
;; slightly insecure. Hence a new todo: use a better -passin method.
;;
;; Cache password for e.g. 1h
;;
;; Suggestions and comments are appreciated, mail me at simon@josefsson.org.
;; begin rant
;;
;; I would include pointers to introductory text on concepts used in
;; this library here, but the material I've read are so horrible I
;; don't want to recommend them.
;;
;; Why can't someone write a simple introduction to all this stuff?
;; Until then, much of this resemble security by obscurity.
;;
;; Also, I'm not going to mention anything about the wonders of
;; cryptopolitics. Oops, I just did.
;;
;; end rant
;;; Revision history:
;; 2000-06-05 initial version, committed to Gnus CVS contrib/
;; 2000-10-28 retrieve certificates via DNS CERT RRs
;; 2001-10-14 posted to gnu.emacs.sources
;; 2005-02-13 retrieve certificates via LDAP
;;; Code:
(require 'dig)
(if (locate-library "password-cache")
(require 'password-cache)
(require 'password))
(eval-when-compile (require 'cl))
(eval-and-compile
(cond
((fboundp 'replace-in-string)
(defalias 'smime-replace-in-string 'replace-in-string))
((fboundp 'replace-regexp-in-string)
(defun smime-replace-in-string (string regexp newtext &optional literal)
"Replace all matches for REGEXP with NEWTEXT in STRING.
If LITERAL is non-nil, insert NEWTEXT literally. Return a new
string containing the replacements.
This is a compatibility function for different Emacsen."
(replace-regexp-in-string regexp newtext string nil literal)))))
(defgroup smime nil
"S/MIME configuration."
:group 'mime)
(defcustom smime-keys nil
"*Map mail addresses to a file containing Certificate (and private key).
The file is assumed to be in PEM format. You can also associate additional
certificates to be sent with every message to each address."
:type '(repeat (list (string :tag "Mail address")
(file :tag "File name")
(repeat :tag "Additional certificate files"
(file :tag "File name"))))
:group 'smime)
(defcustom smime-CA-directory nil
"*Directory containing certificates for CAs you trust.
Directory should contain files (in PEM format) named to the X.509
hash of the certificate. This can be done using OpenSSL such as:
$ ln -s ca.pem `openssl x509 -noout -hash -in ca.pem`.0
where `ca.pem' is the file containing a PEM encoded X.509 CA
certificate."
:type '(choice (const :tag "none" nil)
directory)
:group 'smime)
(defcustom smime-CA-file nil
"*Files containing certificates for CAs you trust.
File should contain certificates in PEM format."
:version "22.1"
:type '(choice (const :tag "none" nil)
file)
:group 'smime)
(defcustom smime-certificate-directory "~/Mail/certs/"
"*Directory containing other people's certificates.
It should contain files named to the X.509 hash of the certificate,
and the files themselves should be in PEM format."
;The S/MIME library provide simple functionality for fetching
;certificates into this directory, so there is no need to populate it
;manually.
:type 'directory
:group 'smime)
(defcustom smime-openssl-program
(and (condition-case ()
(eq 0 (call-process "openssl" nil nil nil "version"))
(error nil))
"openssl")
"*Name of OpenSSL binary."
:type 'string
:group 'smime)
;; OpenSSL option to select the encryption cipher
(defcustom smime-encrypt-cipher "-des3"
"*Cipher algorithm used for encryption."
:version "22.1"
:type '(choice (const :tag "Triple DES" "-des3")
(const :tag "DES" "-des")
(const :tag "RC2 40 bits" "-rc2-40")
(const :tag "RC2 64 bits" "-rc2-64")
(const :tag "RC2 128 bits" "-rc2-128"))
:group 'smime)
(defcustom smime-crl-check nil
"*Check revocation status of signers certificate using CRLs.
Enabling this will have OpenSSL check the signers certificate
against a certificate revocation list (CRL).
For this to work the CRL must be up-to-date and since they are
normally updated quite often (i.e., several times a day) you
probably need some tool to keep them up-to-date. Unfortunately
Gnus cannot do this for you.
The CRL should either be appended (in PEM format) to your
`smime-CA-file' or be located in a file (also in PEM format) in
your `smime-certificate-directory' named to the X.509 hash of the
certificate with .r0 as file name extension.
At least OpenSSL version 0.9.7 is required for this to work."
:type '(choice (const :tag "No check" nil)
(const :tag "Check certificate" "-crl_check")
(const :tag "Check certificate chain" "-crl_check_all"))
:group 'smime)
(defcustom smime-dns-server nil
"*DNS server to query certificates from.
If nil, use system defaults."
:version "22.1"
:type '(choice (const :tag "System defaults")
string)
:group 'smime)
(defcustom smime-ldap-host-list nil
"A list of LDAP hosts with S/MIME user certificates.
If needed search base, binddn, passwd, etc. for the LDAP host
must be set in `ldap-host-parameters-alist'."
:type '(repeat (string :tag "Host name"))
:version "23.1" ;; No Gnus
:group 'smime)
(defvar smime-details-buffer "*OpenSSL output*")
;; Use mm-util?
(eval-and-compile
(defalias 'smime-make-temp-file
(if (fboundp 'make-temp-file)
'make-temp-file
(lambda (prefix &optional dir-flag) ;; Simple implementation
(expand-file-name
(make-temp-name prefix)
(if (fboundp 'temp-directory)
(temp-directory)
temporary-file-directory))))))
;; Password dialog function
(declare-function password-read-and-add "password-cache" (prompt &optional key))
(defun smime-ask-passphrase (&optional cache-key)
"Asks the passphrase to unlock the secret key.
If `cache-key' and `password-cache' is non-nil then cache the
password under `cache-key'."
(let ((passphrase
(password-read-and-add
"Passphrase for secret key (RET for no passphrase): " cache-key)))
(if (string= passphrase "")
nil
passphrase)))
;; OpenSSL wrappers.
(defun smime-call-openssl-region (b e buf &rest args)
(case (apply 'call-process-region b e smime-openssl-program nil buf nil args)
(0 t)
(1 (message "OpenSSL: An error occurred parsing the command options.") nil)
(2 (message "OpenSSL: One of the input files could not be read.") nil)
(3 (message "OpenSSL: An error occurred creating the PKCS#7 file or when reading the MIME message.") nil)
(4 (message "OpenSSL: An error occurred decrypting or verifying the message.") nil)
(t (error "Unknown OpenSSL exitcode") nil)))
(defun smime-make-certfiles (certfiles)
(if certfiles
(append (list "-certfile" (expand-file-name (car certfiles)))
(smime-make-certfiles (cdr certfiles)))))
;; Sign+encrypt region
(defun smime-sign-region (b e keyfile)
"Sign region with certified key in KEYFILE.
If signing fails, the buffer is not modified. Region is assumed to
have proper MIME tags. KEYFILE is expected to contain a PEM encoded
private key and certificate as its car, and a list of additional
certificates to include in its caar. If no additional certificates is
included, KEYFILE may be the file containing the PEM encoded private
key and certificate itself."
(smime-new-details-buffer)
(let* ((certfiles (and (cdr-safe keyfile) (cadr keyfile)))
(keyfile (or (car-safe keyfile) keyfile))
(buffer (generate-new-buffer " *smime*"))
(passphrase (smime-ask-passphrase (expand-file-name keyfile)))
(tmpfile (smime-make-temp-file "smime")))
(if passphrase
(setenv "GNUS_SMIME_PASSPHRASE" passphrase))
(prog1
(when (prog1
(apply 'smime-call-openssl-region b e (list buffer tmpfile)
"smime" "-sign" "-signer" (expand-file-name keyfile)
(append
(smime-make-certfiles certfiles)
(if passphrase
(list "-passin" "env:GNUS_SMIME_PASSPHRASE"))))
(if passphrase
(setenv "GNUS_SMIME_PASSPHRASE" "" t))
(with-current-buffer smime-details-buffer
(insert-file-contents tmpfile)
(delete-file tmpfile)))
(delete-region b e)
(insert-buffer-substring buffer)
(goto-char b)
(when (looking-at "^MIME-Version: 1.0$")
(delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
t)
(with-current-buffer smime-details-buffer
(goto-char (point-max))
(insert-buffer-substring buffer))
(kill-buffer buffer))))
(defun smime-encrypt-region (b e certfiles)
"Encrypt region for recipients specified in CERTFILES.
If encryption fails, the buffer is not modified. Region is assumed to
have proper MIME tags. CERTFILES is a list of filenames, each file
is expected to contain of a PEM encoded certificate."
(smime-new-details-buffer)
(let ((buffer (generate-new-buffer " *smime*"))
(tmpfile (smime-make-temp-file "smime")))
(prog1
(when (prog1
(apply 'smime-call-openssl-region b e (list buffer tmpfile)
"smime" "-encrypt" smime-encrypt-cipher
(mapcar 'expand-file-name certfiles))
(with-current-buffer smime-details-buffer
(insert-file-contents tmpfile)
(delete-file tmpfile)))
(delete-region b e)
(insert-buffer-substring buffer)
(goto-char b)
(when (looking-at "^MIME-Version: 1.0$")
(delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
t)
(with-current-buffer smime-details-buffer
(goto-char (point-max))
(insert-buffer-substring buffer))
(kill-buffer buffer))))
;; Sign+encrypt buffer
(defun smime-sign-buffer (&optional keyfile buffer)
"S/MIME sign BUFFER with key in KEYFILE.
KEYFILE should contain a PEM encoded key and certificate."
(interactive)
(with-current-buffer (or buffer (current-buffer))
(unless (smime-sign-region
(point-min) (point-max)
(if keyfile
keyfile
(smime-get-key-with-certs-by-email
(gnus-completing-read
"Sign using key"
smime-keys nil (car-safe (car-safe smime-keys))))))
(error "Signing failed"))))
(defun smime-encrypt-buffer (&optional certfiles buffer)
"S/MIME encrypt BUFFER for recipients specified in CERTFILES.
CERTFILES is a list of filenames, each file is expected to consist of
a PEM encoded key and certificate. Uses current buffer if BUFFER is
nil."
(interactive)
(with-current-buffer (or buffer (current-buffer))
(unless (smime-encrypt-region
(point-min) (point-max)
(or certfiles
(list (read-file-name "Recipient's S/MIME certificate: "
smime-certificate-directory nil))))
(error "Encryption failed"))))
;; Verify+decrypt region
(defun smime-verify-region (b e)
"Verify S/MIME message in region between B and E.
Returns non-nil on success.
Any details (stdout and stderr) are left in the buffer specified by
`smime-details-buffer'."
(smime-new-details-buffer)
(let ((CAs (append (if smime-CA-file
(list "-CAfile"
(expand-file-name smime-CA-file)))
(if smime-CA-directory
(list "-CApath"
(expand-file-name smime-CA-directory))))))
(unless CAs
(error "No CA configured"))
(if smime-crl-check
(add-to-list 'CAs smime-crl-check))
(if (apply 'smime-call-openssl-region b e (list smime-details-buffer t)
"smime" "-verify" "-out" "/dev/null" CAs)
t
(insert-buffer-substring smime-details-buffer)
nil)))
(defun smime-noverify-region (b e)
"Verify integrity of S/MIME message in region between B and E.
Returns non-nil on success.
Any details (stdout and stderr) are left in the buffer specified by
`smime-details-buffer'."
(smime-new-details-buffer)
(if (apply 'smime-call-openssl-region b e (list smime-details-buffer t)
"smime" "-verify" "-noverify" "-out" '("/dev/null"))
t
(insert-buffer-substring smime-details-buffer)
nil))
(defun smime-decrypt-region (b e keyfile &optional from)
"Decrypt S/MIME message in region between B and E with key in KEYFILE.
Optional FROM specifies sender's mail address.
On success, replaces region with decrypted data and return non-nil.
Any details (stderr on success, stdout and stderr on error) are left
in the buffer specified by `smime-details-buffer'."
(smime-new-details-buffer)
(let ((buffer (generate-new-buffer " *smime*"))
CAs (passphrase (smime-ask-passphrase (expand-file-name keyfile)))
(tmpfile (smime-make-temp-file "smime")))
(if passphrase
(setenv "GNUS_SMIME_PASSPHRASE" passphrase))
(if (prog1
(apply 'smime-call-openssl-region b e
(list buffer tmpfile)
"smime" "-decrypt" "-recip" (expand-file-name keyfile)
(if passphrase
(list "-passin" "env:GNUS_SMIME_PASSPHRASE")))
(if passphrase
(setenv "GNUS_SMIME_PASSPHRASE" "" t))
(with-current-buffer smime-details-buffer
(insert-file-contents tmpfile)
(delete-file tmpfile)))
(progn
(delete-region b e)
(when from
(insert "From: " from "\n"))
(insert-buffer-substring buffer)
(kill-buffer buffer)
t)
(with-current-buffer smime-details-buffer
(insert-buffer-substring buffer))
(kill-buffer buffer)
(delete-region b e)
(insert-buffer-substring smime-details-buffer)
nil)))
;; Verify+Decrypt buffer
(defun smime-verify-buffer (&optional buffer)
"Verify integrity of S/MIME message in BUFFER.
Uses current buffer if BUFFER is nil. Returns non-nil on success.
Any details (stdout and stderr) are left in the buffer specified by
`smime-details-buffer'."
(interactive)
(with-current-buffer (or buffer (current-buffer))
(smime-verify-region (point-min) (point-max))))
(defun smime-noverify-buffer (&optional buffer)
"Verify integrity of S/MIME message in BUFFER.
Does NOT verify validity of certificate (only message integrity).
Uses current buffer if BUFFER is nil. Returns non-nil on success.
Any details (stdout and stderr) are left in the buffer specified by
`smime-details-buffer'."
(interactive)
(with-current-buffer (or buffer (current-buffer))
(smime-noverify-region (point-min) (point-max))))
(defun smime-decrypt-buffer (&optional buffer keyfile)
"Decrypt S/MIME message in BUFFER using KEYFILE.
Uses current buffer if BUFFER is nil, and query user of KEYFILE if it's nil.
On success, replaces data in buffer and return non-nil.
Any details (stderr on success, stdout and stderr on error) are left
in the buffer specified by `smime-details-buffer'."
(interactive)
(with-current-buffer (or buffer (current-buffer))
(smime-decrypt-region
(point-min) (point-max)
(expand-file-name
(or keyfile
(smime-get-key-by-email
(gnus-completing-read
"Decipher using key"
smime-keys nil (car-safe (car-safe smime-keys)))))))))
;; Various operations
(defun smime-new-details-buffer ()
(with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create smime-details-buffer)
(erase-buffer)))
(defun smime-pkcs7-region (b e)
"Convert S/MIME message between points B and E into a PKCS7 message."
(smime-new-details-buffer)
(when (smime-call-openssl-region b e smime-details-buffer "smime" "-pk7out")
(delete-region b e)
(insert-buffer-substring smime-details-buffer)
t))
(defun smime-pkcs7-certificates-region (b e)
"Extract any certificates enclosed in PKCS7 message between points B and E."
(smime-new-details-buffer)
(when (smime-call-openssl-region
b e smime-details-buffer "pkcs7" "-print_certs" "-text")
(delete-region b e)
(insert-buffer-substring smime-details-buffer)
t))
(defun smime-pkcs7-email-region (b e)
"Get email addresses contained in certificate between points B and E.
A string or a list of strings is returned."
(smime-new-details-buffer)
(when (smime-call-openssl-region
b e smime-details-buffer "x509" "-email" "-noout")
(delete-region b e)
(insert-buffer-substring smime-details-buffer)
t))
;; Utility functions
(defun smime-get-certfiles (keyfile keys)
(if keys
(let ((curkey (car keys))
(otherkeys (cdr keys)))
(if (string= keyfile (cadr curkey))
(caddr curkey)
(smime-get-certfiles keyfile otherkeys)))))
(defun smime-buffer-as-string-region (b e)
"Return each line in region between B and E as a list of strings."
(save-excursion
(goto-char b)
(let (res)
(while (< (point) e)
(let ((str (buffer-substring (point) (point-at-eol))))
(unless (string= "" str)
(push str res)))
(forward-line))
res)))
;; Find certificates
(defun smime-mail-to-domain (mailaddr)
(if (string-match "@" mailaddr)
(replace-match "." 'fixedcase 'literal mailaddr)
mailaddr))
(defun smime-cert-by-dns (mail)
"Find certificate via DNS for address MAIL."
(let* ((dig-dns-server smime-dns-server)
(digbuf (dig-invoke (smime-mail-to-domain mail) "cert" nil nil "+vc"))
(retbuf (generate-new-buffer (format "*certificate for %s*" mail)))
(certrr (with-current-buffer digbuf
(dig-extract-rr (smime-mail-to-domain mail) "cert")))
(cert (and certrr (dig-rr-get-pkix-cert certrr))))
(if cert
(with-current-buffer retbuf
(insert "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n")
(let ((i 0) (len (length cert)))
(while (> (- len 64) i)
(insert (substring cert i (+ i 64)) "\n")
(setq i (+ i 64)))
(insert (substring cert i len) "\n"))
(insert "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"))
(kill-buffer retbuf)
(setq retbuf nil))
(kill-buffer digbuf)
retbuf))
(declare-function ldap-search "ldap"
(filter &optional host attributes attrsonly withdn))
(defun smime-cert-by-ldap-1 (mail host)
"Get certificate for MAIL from the ldap server at HOST."
(let ((ldapresult
(funcall
(if (featurep 'xemacs)
(progn
(require 'smime-ldap)
'smime-ldap-search)
(progn
(require 'ldap)
'ldap-search))
(concat "mail=" mail)
host '("userCertificate") nil))
(retbuf (generate-new-buffer (format "*certificate for %s*" mail)))
cert)
(if (and (>= (length ldapresult) 1)
(> (length (cadaar ldapresult)) 0))
(with-current-buffer retbuf
;; Certificates on LDAP servers _should_ be in DER format,
;; but there are some servers out there that distributes the
;; certificates in PEM format (with or without
;; header/footer) so we try to handle them anyway.
(if (or (string= (substring (cadaar ldapresult) 0 27)
"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----")
(string= (substring (cadaar ldapresult) 0 3)
"MII"))
(setq cert
(smime-replace-in-string
(cadaar ldapresult)
(concat "\\(\n\\|\r\\|-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\\|"
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\\)")
"" t))
(setq cert (base64-encode-string (cadaar ldapresult) t)))
(insert "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n")
(let ((i 0) (len (length cert)))
(while (> (- len 64) i)
(insert (substring cert i (+ i 64)) "\n")
(setq i (+ i 64)))
(insert (substring cert i len) "\n"))
(insert "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n"))
(kill-buffer retbuf)
(setq retbuf nil))
retbuf))
(defun smime-cert-by-ldap (mail)
"Find certificate via LDAP for address MAIL."
(if smime-ldap-host-list
(catch 'certbuf
(dolist (host smime-ldap-host-list)
(let ((retbuf (smime-cert-by-ldap-1 mail host)))
(when retbuf
(throw 'certbuf retbuf)))))))
;; User interface.
(defvar smime-buffer "*SMIME*")
(defvar smime-mode-map
(let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
(suppress-keymap map)
(define-key map "q" 'smime-exit)
(define-key map "f" 'smime-certificate-info)
map))
(autoload 'gnus-completing-read "gnus-util")
(put 'smime-mode 'mode-class 'special)
(define-derived-mode smime-mode fundamental-mode ;special-mode
"SMIME"
"Major mode for browsing, viewing and fetching certificates.
All normal editing commands are switched off.
\\<smime-mode-map>
The following commands are available:
\\{smime-mode-map}"
(setq mode-line-process nil)
(buffer-disable-undo)
(setq truncate-lines t)
(setq buffer-read-only t))
(defun smime-certificate-info (certfile)
(interactive "fCertificate file: ")
(let ((buffer (get-buffer-create (format "*certificate %s*" certfile))))
(switch-to-buffer buffer)
(erase-buffer)
(call-process smime-openssl-program nil buffer 'display
"x509" "-in" (expand-file-name certfile) "-text")
(fundamental-mode)
(set-buffer-modified-p nil)
(setq buffer-read-only t)
(goto-char (point-min))))
(defun smime-draw-buffer ()
(with-current-buffer smime-buffer
(let (buffer-read-only)
(erase-buffer)
(insert "\nYour keys:\n")
(dolist (key smime-keys)
(insert
(format "\t\t%s: %s\n" (car key) (cadr key))))
(insert "\nTrusted Certificate Authorities:\n")
(insert "\nKnown Certificates:\n"))))
(defun smime ()
"Go to the SMIME buffer."
(interactive)
(unless (get-buffer smime-buffer)
(with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create smime-buffer)
(smime-mode)))
(smime-draw-buffer)
(switch-to-buffer smime-buffer))
(defun smime-exit ()
"Quit the S/MIME buffer."
(interactive)
(kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
;; Other functions
(defun smime-get-key-by-email (email)
(cadr (assoc email smime-keys)))
(defun smime-get-key-with-certs-by-email (email)
(cdr (assoc email smime-keys)))
(provide 'smime)
;;; smime.el ends here
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