`comint-term-environment' consults `system-uses-terminfo' to determine 
how to set environment variables to indicate comint's terminal 
capabilities. However, `system-uses-terminfo' describes whether the host 
system running Emacs uses terminfo, not whether the remote system uses 
it. Similarly for `comint-terminfo-terminal'.

If `comint-term-environment' were aware of connection-local variables, 
it would be possible to create a connection-local profile to configure 
this for remote hosts, e.g.:

   (connection-local-set-profile-variables
    'remote-terminfo
    '((system-uses-terminfo . t)
      (comint-terminfo-terminal . "dumb-emacs-ansi")))

   (connection-local-set-profiles
    '(:application tramp :machine "foo")
    'remote-terminfo))

(Note: "dumb-emacs-ansi" comes from the ncurses-term package[1] in 
Debian, and should be a good value to represent comint's capabilities.)

This lets the user pass a terminfo-friendly value for TERM to the remote 
system, even if the local system doesn't use terminfo. Then programs on 
the remote system can consult terminfo to their hearts' content.

I've attached a patch that does this, assuming the reasoning above makes 
sense. Perhaps it also warrants an entry in NEWS? I wasn't sure...

[1] https://packages.debian.org/buster/all/ncurses-term/filelist