In Emacs 29, running emacs -Q, we get inconsistent results: (key-description (kbd "M-F")) returns "M-F" (key-description (kbd "H-F")) returns "H-F" (key-description (kbd "A-F")) returns "A-F" but (key-description (kbd "C-F")) returns "C-f" I would have expected to see either "C-F" or "C-S-f".   It's probably not related to `translate-upper-case-key-bindings' is nil, it's the same result either way. I don't know if you consider this behavior a bug, but I rely on this function chain to "normalize"  descriptions such as C- to C-M-.  If there's an alternative way to do that I'd be happy to hear about it! Martin In GNU Emacs 29.0.50 (build 1, x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.24.30, cairo version 1.16.0) System Description: Guix System Configured using: 'configure CONFIG_SHELL=/gnu/store/4y5m9lb8k3qkb1y9m02sw9w9a6hacd16-bash-minimal-5.1.8/bin/bash SHELL=/gnu/store/4y5m9lb8k3qkb1y9m02sw9w9a6hacd16-bash-minimal-5.1.8/bin/bash --prefix=/gnu/store/bf2n69a7pqj3w22z8702h90l77rh2bkf-emacs-next-pgtk-29.0.50-0.38d87c4 --enable-fast-install --with-pgtk --with-xwidgets --with-modules --with-cairo --disable-build-details' Configured features: ACL CAIRO DBUS FREETYPE GIF GLIB GMP GNUTLS GPM GSETTINGS HARFBUZZ JPEG JSON LIBOTF LIBSYSTEMD LIBXML2 MODULES NOTIFY INOTIFY PDUMPER PGTK PNG RSVG SECCOMP SOUND SQLITE3 THREADS TIFF TOOLKIT_SCROLL_BARS XIM XWIDGETS GTK3 ZLIB Important settings:   value of $EMACSLOADPATH: /home/kept/guix-profiles/emacs/emacs/share/emacs/site-lisp:/gnu/store/bf2n69a7pqj3w22z8702h90l77rh2bkf-emacs-next-pgtk-29.0.50-0.38d87c4/share/emacs/29.0.50/lisp:/gnu/store/bf2n69a7pqj3w22z8702h90l77rh2bkf-emacs-next-pgtk-29.0.50-0.38d87c4/share/emacs/29.0.50/lisp   value of $LANG: en_DK.utf8   locale-coding-system: utf-8-unix Major mode: Lisp Interaction Minor modes in effect:   tooltip-mode: t   global-eldoc-mode: t   eldoc-mode: t   show-paren-mode: t   electric-indent-mode: t   mouse-wheel-mode: t   tool-bar-mode: t   menu-bar-mode: t   file-name-shadow-mode: t   global-font-lock-mode: t   font-lock-mode: t   blink-cursor-mode: t   line-number-mode: t   indent-tabs-mode: t   transient-mark-mode: t   auto-composition-mode: t   auto-encryption-mode: t   auto-compression-mode: t Load-path shadows: None found. Features: (shadow sort mail-extr emacsbug message mailcap yank-media rmc puny dired dired-loaddefs rfc822 mml mml-sec password-cache epa derived epg rfc6068 epg-config gnus-util text-property-search time-date seq gv subr-x byte-opt bytecomp byte-compile cconv mm-decode mm-bodies mm-encode mail-parse rfc2231 mailabbrev gmm-utils mailheader cl-loaddefs cl-lib sendmail rfc2047 rfc2045 ietf-drums mm-util mail-prsvr mail-utils two-column iso-transl tooltip eldoc paren electric uniquify ediff-hook vc-hooks lisp-float-type elisp-mode mwheel term/pgtk-win pgtk-win term/common-win tool-bar dnd fontset image regexp-opt fringe tabulated-list replace newcomment text-mode lisp-mode prog-mode register page tab-bar menu-bar rfn-eshadow isearch easymenu timer select scroll-bar mouse jit-lock font-lock syntax font-core term/tty-colors frame minibuffer nadvice simple cl-generic cham georgian utf-8-lang misc-lang vietnamese tibetan thai tai-viet lao korean japanese eucjp-ms cp51932 hebrew greek romanian slovak czech european ethiopic indian cyrillic chinese composite emoji-zwj charscript charprop case-table epa-hook jka-cmpr-hook help abbrev obarray oclosure cl-preloaded button loaddefs faces cus-face macroexp files window text-properties overlay sha1 md5 base64 format env code-pages mule custom widget keymap hashtable-print-readable backquote threads xwidget-internal dbusbind inotify dynamic-setting system-font-setting font-render-setting cairo gtk pgtk multi-tty make-network-process emacs) Memory information: ((conses 16 44769 5884) (symbols 48 5735 1) (strings 32 15969 2383) (string-bytes 1 541844) (vectors 16 12239) (vector-slots 8 171121 8958) (floats 8 21 42) (intervals 56 263 9) (buffers 992 11))